2.What is the purpose (there’s two) of letting the transformed bacteria grow in recovery broth for a little while in 37 degrees before plating them on the selective media?

3.You are looking for a phage that will infect Burkholderia cepacia because it seems to be highly resistant to most antibiotics. You have the strain isolated in your lab so you can grow it up. You know it can cause onion rot, and is frequently found near tobacco or onion plants in the soil. Describe the steps you might take to isolate a novel phage from the environment that could infect Burkholderia cepacia.

Your answer doesn't need to be extremely detailed (you don't need to include specific volumes), just a couple sentences should suffice, but be sure to include any important details (i.e. if you need to make something sterile how do you do that)

4. For the bacterial transformation lab, what was the purpose of mixing calcium chloride solution with bacteria, and later performing a heat shock step after you've allowed the bacteria to sit on ice?

5. Giving animals too many antibiotics causes the animals to evolve resistance against the antibiotics.

True

False

6.

We went over two kinds of nucleic acid extraction. We went over "organic" RNA extraction where we use organic solvents to separate the RNA/DNA/protein/junk in a sample into layers or phases. In lab 3 you performed a DNA extraction but instead of the organic method you used a special column to collect the DNA. How did this work?

7. Beta-lactams target...

8. When we add Trizol (or phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol, same concept) to extract RNA from a sample, the RNA is in the aqueous phase.

True

False

9.

Coronaviruses have plus-sense single-stranded RNA genomes (non-segmented). Rotaviruses have a genome divided into 11 shorter segments of double-stranded RNA. Say we had a sample that presumably contained both those viruses, and we wanted to make cDNA so we can sequence their entire genomes. Which of the following sounds like the best plan?

10. We can infer that bacteriophages form a monophyletic group outside eukaryotic viruses (so all bacteriophages are more closely related to one another than they are to any eukaryotic viruses), because they all infect bacteria and bacteria are a monophyletic group.

True

False

11.

Which of the following tests would enable you to distinguish a microbe’s ability to ferment lactose?

12.

You perform quantitative PCR using SYBR green dye (on the same DNA template/primers) in multiple wells. In one well ("well A") you get a Ct value of ~25. In another well ("well B") you get a Ct value of ~31.6. Which statement is most likely true based on this?

Mirror Neurons and Behavior

Research scientists postulate that we imagine ourselves acting out or mirroring movements that we see. This ability seems to be genetic or hardwired since infants can imitate the movements of others. It is possible that mirroring actions is adaptive and may play a role in learning how to do things, and it may facilitate social interactions. More interesting than the actions is the thought that we may have special neurons in our brains that help facilitate imitation. These neurons have been named mirror neurons, and they can be found not only in human beings but also in nonhuman animals.

Answer the following questions:

• Mirror neurons have a distinctive shape and a specific location in the brain. What are the morphology (shape) and location of mirror neurons? Does their location seem to make sense, given that the neurons are thought to play a role in imitation?
• Some nonhuman animals have mirror neurons in their brains. Which other species have mirror neurons? Are these animals more social than animals that do not seem to have mirror neurons?
• When there is a relatively new discovery in the brain, that discovery is often used to explain current diseases and disorders. What are the applied research trends for mirror neurons in the scientific literature? Are there any particular disorders that are being connected to mirror neurons? What is it about these disorders that make people connect them to mirror neurons?

  Mirror Neurons and Behavior

  Research scientists postulate that we imagine ourselves acting out or mirroring movements that we see. This ability seems to be genetic or hardwired since infants can imitate the movements of others. It is possible that mirroring actions is adaptive and may play a role in learning how to do things, and it may facilitate social interactions. More interesting than the actions is the thought that we may have special neurons in our brains that help facilitate imitation. These neurons have been named mirror neurons, and they can be found not only in human beings but also in nonhuman animals.

  Answer the following questions:

• Mirror neurons have a distinctive shape and a specific location in the brain. What are the morphology (shape) and location of mirror neurons? Does their location seem to make sense, given that the neurons are thought to play a role in imitation?
• Some nonhuman animals have mirror neurons in their brains. Which other species have mirror neurons? Are these animals more social than animals that do not seem to have mirror neurons?
• When there is a relatively new discovery in the brain, that discovery is often used to explain current diseases and disorders. What are the applied research trends for mirror neurons in the scientific literature? Are there any particular disorders that are being connected to mirror neurons? What is it about these disorders that make people connect them to mirror neurons?

  Mirror Neurons and Behavior

  Research scientists postulate that we imagine ourselves acting out or mirroring movements that we see. This ability seems to be genetic or hardwired since infants can imitate the movements of others. It is possible that mirroring actions is adaptive and may play a role in learning how to do things, and it may facilitate social interactions. More interesting than the actions is the thought that we may have special neurons in our brains that help facilitate imitation. These neurons have been named mirror neurons, and they can be found not only in human beings but also in nonhuman animals.

  Answer the following questions:

• Mirror neurons have a distinctive shape and a specific location in the brain. What are the morphology (shape) and location of mirror neurons? Does their location seem to make sense, given that the neurons are thought to play a role in imitation?
• Some nonhuman animals have mirror neurons in their brains. Which other species have mirror neurons? Are these animals more social than animals that do not seem to have mirror neurons?
• When there is a relatively new discovery in the brain, that discovery is often used to explain current diseases and disorders. What are the applied research trends for mirror neurons in the scientific literature? Are there any particular disorders that are being connected to mirror neurons? What is it about these disorders that make people connect them to mirror neurons?

  Mirror Neurons and Behavior

  Research scientists postulate that we imagine ourselves acting out or mirroring movements that we see. This ability seems to be genetic or hardwired since infants can imitate the movements of others. It is possible that mirroring actions is adaptive and may play a role in learning how to do things, and it may facilitate social interactions. More interesting than the actions is the thought that we may have special neurons in our brains that help facilitate imitation. These neurons have been named mirror neurons, and they can be found not only in human beings but also in nonhuman animals.

  Answer the following questions:

• Mirror neurons have a distinctive shape and a specific location in the brain. What are the morphology (shape) and location of mirror neurons? Does their location seem to make sense, given that the neurons are thought to play a role in imitation?
• Some nonhuman animals have mirror neurons in their brains. Which other species have mirror neurons? Are these animals more social than animals that do not seem to have mirror neurons?
• When there is a relatively new discovery in the brain, that discovery is often used to explain current diseases and disorders. What are the applied research trends for mirror neurons in the scientific literature? Are there any particular disorders that are being connected to mirror neurons? What is it about these disorders that make people connect them to mirror neurons?

  Mirror Neurons and Behavior

  Research scientists postulate that we imagine ourselves acting out or mirroring movements that we see. This ability seems to be genetic or hardwired since infants can imitate the movements of others. It is possible that mirroring actions is adaptive and may play a role in learning how to do things, and it may facilitate social interactions. More interesting than the actions is the thought that we may have special neurons in our brains that help facilitate imitation. These neurons have been named mirror neurons, and they can be found not only in human beings but also in nonhuman animals.

  Answer the following questions:

• Mirror neurons have a distinctive shape and a specific location in the brain. What are the morphology (shape) and location of mirror neurons? Does their location seem to make sense, given that the neurons are thought to play a role in imitation?
• Some nonhuman animals have mirror neurons in their brains. Which other species have mirror neurons? Are these animals more social than animals that do not seem to have mirror neurons?
• When there is a relatively new discovery in the brain, that discovery is often used to explain current diseases and disorders. What are the applied research trends for mirror neurons in the scientific literature? Are there any particular disorders that are being connected to mirror neurons? What is it about these disorders that make people connect them to mirror neurons?

  Mirror Neurons and Behavior

  Research scientists postulate that we imagine ourselves acting out or mirroring movements that we see. This ability seems to be genetic or hardwired since infants can imitate the movements of others. It is possible that mirroring actions is adaptive and may play a role in learning how to do things, and it may facilitate social interactions. More interesting than the actions is the thought that we may have special neurons in our brains that help facilitate imitation. These neurons have been named mirror neurons, and they can be found not only in human beings but also in nonhuman animals.

  Answer the following questions:

• Mirror neurons have a distinctive shape and a specific location in the brain. What are the morphology (shape) and location of mirror neurons? Does their location seem to make sense, given that the neurons are thought to play a role in imitation?
• Some nonhuman animals have mirror neurons in their brains. Which other species have mirror neurons? Are these animals more social than animals that do not seem to have mirror neurons?
• When there is a relatively new discovery in the brain, that discovery is often used to explain current diseases and disorders. What are the applied research trends for mirror neurons in the scientific literature? Are there any particular disorders that are being connected to mirror neurons? What is it about these disorders that make people connect them to mirror neurons?

7. Individual and personal considerations about abortion can include

       a.   moral arguments

       b.   legal arguments

       c.   short- and long-term consequences

       d.   all of the above

8. The hormone found only in pregnant women that is used for the detection of pregnancy is

       a.   estrogen

       b.   luteinizing hormone (LH)

       c.   prostaglandin

       d.   human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

9. Which of the following is true about infertility?

       a.   causes of infertility can be determined for about 20% of infertile couples

       b.   the definition of infertility is the inability to conceive after trying for 6 months

       c.   infertility treatment can include medical therapies or surgery

       d.   assisted reproductive technology (ART) is not an option for treatment

10. Implantation of a pregnancy at a site other than the uterus is known as

       a.   ectopic pregnancy

       b.   aborted pregnancy

       c.   gestational pregnancy

       d.   multiple pregnancy

11. A spontaneous abortion is more commonly known as

       a.   false labor

       b.   an ectopic pregnancy

       c.   a voluntary interruption of pregnancy

       d.   a miscarriage

12. A characteristic that indicates drug dependence is

       a.   stability

       b.   anxiety

       c.   withdrawal

       d.   coping

Prices of diamonds are determined by what is known as the 4 Cs: cut, clarity, color, and carat weight. The prices of diamonds go up as the carat weight increases, but the increase is not smooth. For example, the di?erence between the size of a 0.99 carat diamond and a 1 carat diamond is undetectable to the naked human eye, but the price of a 1 carat diamond tends to be much higher than the price of a 0.99 diamond. In this question we use two random samples of diamonds, 0.99 carats and 1 carat, each sample of size 23, and compare the average prices of the diamonds. In order to be able to compare equivalent units, we first divide the price for each diamond by 100 times its weight in carats. That is, for a 0.99 carat diamond, we divide the price by 99. For a 1 carat diamond, we divide the price by 100. The distributions and some sample statistics are shown below.43

Conduct a hypothesis test to evaluate if there is a di?er- ence between the average standardized prices of 0.99 and 1 carat diamonds. Make sure to state your hypotheses clearly, check relevant conditions, and interpret your re- sults in context of the data.

1.

Set-up the appropriate differential equation(s) and solve to derive the general equation of motion for a human sized “dummy” moving vertically (up/down) under the following assumptions:

(a)The initial elevation is h0 ft.

(b)The initial velocity is V0 ft./sec.

(c)All motion vertical (ignore any sideways motion).

(d)The force due to wind is proportional to velocity and in the opposite

direction of velocity.

(e)The “terminal velocity” is 120mph (e.g.   lim t→∞ (V)= 120 mph).

(f)Force = Mass * Acceleration.

(g)Acceleration due to gravity = 32 ft/sec^2

2.

Assume the dummy is ejected from a test balloon and has initial elevation of 10 miles and initial velocity of 100mph (straight up)

(a) Determine and simplify the equation of motion for this situation

(b) Determine the maximum height, hmax, of the dummy

(c)Determine the dummy’s height at time t = 60 sec

(d)Determine when the dummy will hit the ground in seconds

(e)Determine the speed of the dummy at impact

3.

Repeat (2) using Newton’s equations and compare the answers to those obtained from your model

Environmental Hazards

Increase in Environment Related Health Hazards in Recent Years

The study of environmental health is crucial to one's understanding of the hazards and potential adverse effects posed by environmental agents and the extent to which environmental factors play a role in human disease. This foundation is essential for being an effective advocate for preventing environmentally caused diseases and for more advanced study of environmental health issues.

Using the Internet, research on the topic, "Health Hazards Caused Due to the Environment in the Recent Past."

On the basis of your research and understanding of the topic, create a 3- to 4-page document that addresses the following questions:

Discuss one type of environmental health problem that you have in your own community.

Explain how you can determine whether you are exposed to increased levels of environmental hazards in your home.

Identify and explain the types of associations found between environmental hazards and health outcomes.

Explain a relationship between exposure to a hazard in the environment and degenerative brain disease, such as Alzheimer.

Explain why children are more vulnerable to environmental toxins than adults. What types of policies are needed to protect vulnerable populations from environmental hazards?

Part A

Does the average IQ for residents of a state vary with the amount that the state spends on education? Seven of the 50 U.S. states were randomly selected. The amount that each spent per student (in thousands of dollars) and the average IQ for its residents were recorded. The data appear in the following table. Use Excel/Google sheets to produce a correlation box along with a scatterplot (no regression line necessary) on the data to calculate the correlation coefficient to determine whether IQ varies with state spending on education.

Table: Average IQ by State

Part B

Research out of the Alameda County Human Population Laboratory has revealed a positive correlation between eating breakfast and longevity, such that those who eat breakfast tend to live longer. State three different hypotheses about the causal relationship creating this correlation, one for each possible causal relationship in the ABC model.

1.A production function such as Y=AKaLb is called the Cobb-Douglas (C-D) production function. Only two factors of production are assumed here: capital (K) and labor (L), with A interpreted as the level of technology. Later, it was discovered that human capital (H) is also a "neglected"factor of production, assuming that the function satisfies constant return to scales for all the factors of production that it should include (except for technology). In the correct production function, there should be:
A. a+b=1。
B. a+b>1
C. a+b<1
D. Cannot judge

2.The personal income tax is T=(I-I0)*t, where I0>0 is the income deduction and I is personal income, both measured in nominal terms. t is the tax rate. Assuming that I0, t does not change
over time, when inflation occurs, it is usually:
A． The nominal tax burden on individuals increases while the real tax burden remains unchanged.
B． Both the nominal and the real tax burdens increase.
C． The nominal tax burden remains unchanged and the real tax burden increases.
D． Both the nominal and the real tax burden remains unchanged.

Hippocratic oath -- modern version i swear to fulfill, to the best of my ability and judgment, this covenant: i will respect the privacy of my patients, for their problems are not disclosed to me that the world may know. most especially must i tread with care in matters of life and death. if it is given me to save a life, all thanks. but it may also be within my power to take a life; this awesome responsibility must be faced with great humbleness and awareness of my own frailty. above all, i must not play at god.

write which ethical principle or principles that you think agrees with that portion of the oath .... (choose between autonomy – beneficence – veracity – justice – non- maleficence) 2. explain how the chosen ethical principle is linked to that portion of the oath. 3. write which ethical value suits this portion of the oath. (choose between compassion – respect for human rights – trust – competence) 4. write which ethical responsibility corresponds to that portion of the oath. (choose between responsibility towards patients or towards colleagues or towards the dental profession or towards the society) 5. explain how the chosen ethical responsibility is linked to that portion of the oath.