3) Show that the beta of a European call option, ?? , must be equal to:

?? = ???

Where ?? is the CAPM equity beta and ? is the option Greek relating option prices and percentage changes in stock prices.

4) Show that it is never optimal to exercise an American call option on a non-dividend paying stock prior to expiration. Why is this not the case for American puts on nondividend-paying stocks?

(SHOW ALL WORK and EXPLAIN each, Please)

All of the following statements are true EXCEPT:

1. Elevating the ribs decreases the size of the thorax

2. when the diaphragm relaxes, it takes on a rounded dome - like shape

3. changes in the size of the thorax bring about inhalation and exhalation

4. When the diaphragm contracts, it pulls the floor of the thoracic cavity inferiorly

2. why do you think mucus production is especially important in the olfactory epithelium?

. What is the difference between the ‘income statement’ approach and the ‘balance sheet’ approach in accounting for taxes?

2. Briefly discuss two ‘conceptual concerns’ when accounting for taxes.

3. How are deferred taxes classified on the balance sheet??

4. How are changes in tax rates accounted for in the deferred tax accounts? How are they treated on the income statement?

5. List and briefly discuss two disclosure items for taxes.

There are only a handful of signaling pathways (FGF, WNT, BMP/TGFB, HH, Notch, steroid) that shape development. Which one do you think is the most important? Sketch the signaling pathway (ligand, receptor, intercellular signaling). Defend the importance of your choice with specific examples. Identify a human disease caused by changes in this signaling pathway. Propose a way to treat the condition by modulating the pathway with genetic technology.

• Understanding the interaction between a protein and its ligand at a molecular level is important in drug design. Based on your understanding of chemical specificity, do you think drugs should be designed to be highly specific to the target site or less specific? Think about side effects and the fact that mutations (resulting in changes in protein composition) are often present – discuss advantages and disadvantages of a drug that is highly specific to its target?

What are the biological interactions that occur during the "fight or flight" reflex. In general, how do neurotransmitters and neurohormones play a role in communication between the CNS and the ENS? How do the endocrine and nervous systems work together in times of an emergency. Explain the biological changes and signs that occur during Walter Cannon's arousal reflex (the fight or flight reflex) and Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome – including the concept of reactivity.

Negative and positive feedback mechanisms used to maintain homeostasis. Describe one negative and one positive feedback regulation (8pts).

For each negative and positive feedback:

What is the variable? (0.5pt)

What is the normal range? (0.5 pt)

Which conditions may change the variable? (0.5 pt)

How the changes to be detected? (1 pt)

What is/are the responses(s)? (1pt)

What is the final effect? (0.5 pt)

For the following systems at equilibrium A:2NOCl(g)⇌2NO(g)+Cl2(g) B: H2(g)+I2(g)⇌2HI(g) classify these changes by their effect.

Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.

Bins: leftward shift, no shift, rightward shift

Items: system A Decrease container size, system A Increase container size, system b Increase container size, system B Decrease container size

Discuss the determinants of demand (listed below) for a specific good: peanut butter. For each of the shifters, give an explicit example of a change in an external factor that shifts demand for peanut butter, then indicate whether your particular example would increase (shift rightward) or decrease (shift leftward) the demand for peanut butter.

• Number of consumers or size of the population
• Consumer taste and preferences
• Consumer income
• Related product
• Changes in Expectations

13.

A) A change to a single base pair in the sequence of a DNA molecule is called a ______ mutation.

B) If that single nucleotide change results in a protein with the exact same amino acid sequence it is called a _________ mutation.

C) If the base pair change results in an alteration of the amino acid sequence of the protein it is called a ___________ mutation.

D) If the base pair changes results in a codon for an amino acid being changed into a stop codon it is called a ________ mutation.