According to the US Census Bureau, the Gini Coefficient in the United States was 0.397 in 1967, and 0.480 in 2014. The Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality that ranges from 0 to 1, where higher numbers indicate greater inequality. According to the World Bank, countries with Gini coefficients between 0.5 and 0.7 are characterized as highly unequal. Using the idea that Incentives Matter, analyze BOTH the pros of some income inequality and the cons of excessive income inequality.

Some income inequality can be good because of the " trickle down effect" and rewarding hard work and taking risks and investments.

The cons of excessive income inequality are unfair monopoloy, homelessness, and can easily lead to poverty.

Given that the average number of fast neutrons emitted following the thermal-neutron induced fission of 235U is 2.42 per fission event; use the following data to calculate the mean number of fission neutrons produced per initial thermal neutron in a large volume sample of
(a) pure 235U (b) natural uranium 238U, and (c) uranium enriched to 3% in the 235U isotope.
Note: The microscopic absorption cross section for 235U is 694 barns. The cross section for 238U is 2.71 barns. The fission cross section for 235U is 582 barns. Natural uranium contains 0.7% 235U.
Comment on you results in terms of operation of a thermal reactor of finite size.

1) Suppose Ed=0.5 for a given good. If there's a 5% change in price, what is the change in quantity demanded (Qd)? and Suppose once again that E=0.5, but there's now a 15% change in price (all else equal). Calculate the change in quantity demanded.

2) Briefly explain how total revenue (TR) will be affected in each of the following cases (use the TR formula):

a) Demand is elastic and price increases

b) The price elasticity of demand (Ed)= 0.7 and price increases

c) demand is elastic and price decreases

d) demand is perfectly inelastic (Ed=0) and price increases

e) demand is inelastic and price decreases

1. The cross section of a non- overflow gravity dam is as given below:

Top width                   -    12 m

R.L of top of dam       -    + 215 m

R.L of bottom of dam -    + 104 m

FRL                            -    + 212 m

No tail water

Upstream face is vertical

Downstream face is vertical till a R.L of + 205 m, after which it has a slope of 0.7 H:1 V up to the base

Drain holes are located at a distance of 7 m from the heel

Unit weight of dam material as 24 kN/m²

Calculate the forces acting and moment about the toe due to self weight and uplift indicating their nature. Indicate the line of action of the forces on the figure

suppose the demand and supply curves for sparkling cider are given by:QD = 110 – 20PQS = -32 + 13Pwhere QD is the quantity of sparkling cider demanded (in thousands of bottles), QS is the quantity supplied, and P is the price of sparkling cider (in dollars per bottle).

a.Find the equilibrium price and quantity of sparkling cider. Round P to the nearest cent (hundredth) and Q to the nearest whole number.

b.If price is set at $4 per bottle, will there be a surplus or a shortage? How large?

c.Suppose the market for sparkling cider is perfectly competitive. If a firm in this market has a marginal cost MC = 0.7 + 0.2q, how many bottles will this firm produce at the market equilibrium price?

It has been claimed that an insect called the froghopper (Philaenus spumarius) is the best jumper in the animal kingdom. This insect can accelerate at 4,000 m/s2 over a distance of 2.0 mm as it straightens its specially designed "jumping legs." Assuming a uniform acceleration, answer the following.

(a) What is the velocity of the insect after it has accelerated through this short distance? (Enter the magnitude of the velocity.) m/s

(b) How long did it take to reach that velocity? ms

(c) How high would the insect jump if air resistance could be ignored? Note that the actual height obtained is about 0.7 m, so air resistance is important here. m

An industrial plant discharges water into a river. An environmental protection agency has studied the discharged water and found the lead concentration in the water (in micrograms per litre) has a normal distribution with population standard deviation σ = 0.7 μg/l. The industrial plant claims that the mean value of the lead concentration is 2.0 μg/l. However, the environmental protection agency took 10 water samples and found that the mean is 2.56 μg/l. A hypothesis test is carried out to determine whether the lead concentration population mean is higher than the industrial plant claims. (Use 1% level of significance). An appropriate test for this one population hypothesis problem is to use the _______.

XYZ Corp. will pay a $2 per share dividend in two months. Its stock price currently is $64 per share. A call option on XYZ has an exercise price of $58 and 3-month time to expiration. The risk-free interest rate is 0.7% per month, and the stock’s volatility (standard deviation) = 8% per month. Find the Black-Scholes value of the American call option. (Hint: Try defining one “period” as a month, rather than as a year, and think about the net-of-dividend value of each share.) (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.) Ps: The answers to this question already on chegg are incorrect.

Understanding risks that affect projects and the impact of risk consideration

WSP Inc. is involved in a wide range of unrelated projects. The company will pursue any project that it thinks will create value for its stockholders. Consequently, the risk level of the company’s projects tends to vary a great deal from project to project.

If WSP Inc. does not risk-adjust its discount rate for specific projects properly, which of the following is likely to occur over time? Check all that apply.

The firm will accept too many relatively risky projects.

The firm will become less valuable.

The firm will accept too many relatively safe projects.

Generally, a positive correlation exists between a project’s returns and the returns on the firm’s other assets. If this correlation is _______, stand-alone risk will be a good proxy for within-firm risk.

Consider the case of another company. Kim Printing is evaluating two mutually exclusive projects. They both require a $3 million investment today and have expected NPVs of $600,000. Management conducted a full risk analysis of these two projects, and the results are shown below.

Which of the following statements about these projects’ risk is correct? Check all that apply.

Project A has more corporate risk than Project B.

Project B has more corporate risk than Project A.

Project A has more market risk than Project B.

Project B has more stand-alone risk than Project A.

Some researchers tested whether arthritis in dogs could be improved by supplementation with antioxidants and/or an aminosugar mixture (containing glucosamine and chondroitin). They gave combinations of these supplements (each a factor with two levels: treatment and control) to equal numbers of test subjects in a balanced factorial design. They tested the effects of these supplements on levels of inflammation using a factorial ANOVA. The ANOVA table from their output is copied below.                                                                               

> model<-aov(inflammation~as.factor(antioxidant)*as.factor(aminosugar))

> anova(model)

a) How many hypotheses did they test with this model?   

b) How many test subjects (i.e. replicates) did the researchers have?

c) Did the order in which antioxidant and aminosugar effects entered this model affect their significance? Why?   

d) Name a measure of model fit that can be used to compare the relative fit of different models, while taking into account the number of parameters in each?

e) The researchers simplified their model by removing the interaction term and the main effect of aminosugar. Fill in the table below with the values of their new model.   

> model2<-aov(inflammation~as.factor(antioxidant))

> ANOVA(model)

f) Did the significance of antioxidant change by removing the other terms, and if so, did it become more or less significant?

g) By how much did the overall model R² change (explain whether it increased, decreased or no change, as well as the amount)?    (show your working)