1. What is the major byproduct of anaerobic glycolysis: ATP, NADH, lactate, or pyruvate?

2. Glucose is retained in cells because it is phosphorylated, degraded, bound, or modified by amylase?

3. Is the final product of glycolysis acetyl CoA, glucose, lactate, or pyruvate?

4. Does Glycolysis generate no ATP, 1 ATP, 2 ATPs, or NADH?

5. Are DNA ends replicated by DNA polymerase, telomerase, RNA polymerase, or primase?

1) What term describe the region in space where there is a high probability of finding an electron?

a) Quantum

b) Dimension

c) Configuration

d) Orbital

2. Using the bronsted-lowry theory of acids and bases, what is the conjugate acid of HSO4?

a) H2SO4

b) 2HSO4

c) HSO4

d) SO42

3.) How is the atomic mass of any element calculated?

a) Protons plus electron

b) Protons plus neutrons

c) Electrons plus neutrons

d) It is the number of protons

4.) A one-liter balloon is composed of 0.5 mole of helium gas, what volume will 1.8 moles of helium occupy at the same temperature and pressure?

a) 4.2 liters

b) 3.6 liters

c) 0.6 liters

d) 0.3 liters

5.) What biochemical compound, produced during cellular respiration, is used as the energy currency of the cell?

a) Glycogen

b) Acetic acid

c) Lactic acid

d) Adenosine triphosphate

6.) What is the correct characteristic of nitrogen?

a) Have 10 neutrons.

b) Is a nonmetal

c) Exists in nature as monoatomic gas

d) Has 9 electrons.

7.) What type of biochemical molecule contains two or more amino acids joined by peptide bonds?

a) Protein

b) Lipids

c) Carbohydrate

d) Nucleic acid

Long ago, a workman at a dye factory fell into a vat containing hot, concentrated sulfuric and nitric acids. He dissolved completely! Since no one witnessed the accident, it was necessary to prove that he fell in so that the man’s wife could collect his insurance money. The man weighted 70 kg and a human body contains ~6.3 parts per thousand (mg/g) phosphorous. The acid in the vat was analyzed of phosphorous to see whether it contained a dissolved human.

The vat contained 8.00x10³ L of liquid and a 100.0 mL sample was analyzed. If the man did fall into the vat, what is the expected quantity of phosphorous in 100.0 mL?

The 100.0 mL sample was treated with a molybdate reagent that precipitated ammonium phosphomolybdate (NH₃)[P(Mo₁₂O₄₀)]*12H₂O. This substance was dried at 110^oC to remove waters of hydration and heated to 400^oC until it reached the constant composition P₂O₅*24MoO₃, which weighed 0.3718 g. When a fresh mixture of the same acids (not from the vat) was treated in the same manner, 0.0331 g of P₂O₅*24MoO₃ (FM 3596.46) was produced. This blank determination gives the amount of phosphorous in the starting reagents. The P₂O₅*24MoO₃ that could have come from the dissolved man is therefore 0.3387 g. How much phosphorous was present in the 100.0 mL sample? Is this quantity consistent with a dissolved man? please show work.

describe how c parvum obtains the glucose it needs for glycolysis after infected another cell. Explain the role of lactate dehydrogenase in enabling C. parvum to continue ATP by glycolysis

2. Discuss why investors do not know their investment vehicle (e.g. 401K, 403b, 457 plan, etc.) annual rate (say for the past five years) of return.

Show that the integral ( over a volume) of the curl of the vector A is equal to the integral over a closed surface (containing the volume) of A x da

1. In addition to energy needs, cancer cells also need metabolic intermediates for biosynthesis. Explain how increased reliance on glycolysis would be beneficial in this respect.
2. Glycolysis offers a growth advantage to cancers growing under hypoxic conditions. Why might this be the case? (Hint: what is the product of anaerobic glycolysis?)
3. A decrease in oxidative phosphorylation also leads to a decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS). Why might this be an advantage for cancer cells?

Steps 8 and 9 of glycolysis produce no reduced electron carriers or ATP in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate into phosphoenolpyruvate. What is the importance of these steps for the ability of glycolysis to produce more energy from glucose?

1. Enzymes lower activation energy which allows a reaction to occur at a faster rate. Why is it important, in terms of functionality, for enzymes to lower this activation energy? What happens when the physical environment in which the enzyme exists within is altered?

2.From a human perspective, cellular respiration is of an absolute importance in terms of how our bodies converts energy stored in glucose into ATP which our cells can use efficiently. What happens (to humans) when this process is not efficient and no longer functions within cells?