Based on which principle of international law does the International Court of Justice review complaints by states?

Is it likely that a local CPA firm will practice matrimonial forensics in many different states? Why or why not?

How does SALT deduction allow states to raise tax collection without overburdening taxpayers?

Institutional/Policy responses of African States to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Target (4 Pages )

Access to physical therapy services without a physician referral is currently legal in how many states?

Compare and contrast two Medicaid plans from different states.

Provide one reference source

Page 1 of 2 Case Study 1 A New “Garcia” on the Block Garcia Gonzalez is ready to start a new career. After spending 30 years as a market researcher and inspired by the success of Starbucks, he is ready to enter the coffee shop business. However, before opening his first shop, he realizes that a great deal of research is needed. He has some key questions in mind. ? What markets in the United States hold the most promise for a new coffee shop? ? What type of location is best for a coffee shop? ? What is it that makes a coffee shop popular? ? What coffee do Americans prefer? A quick trip to the Internet reveals more previous research on coffee, markets, and related materials than he expected. Many studies address taste. For example, he finds several studies that in one way or another compare the taste of different coffee shop coffees. Most commonly, they compare the taste of coffee from Starbucks against coffee from McDonald’s, Dunkin’ Donuts, Burger King, and sometimes a local competitor. However, it becomes difficult to draw a conclusion as the results seem to be inconsistent. ? One study had a headline that poked fun at Starbucks’ high priced coffee. The author of this study personally purchased coffee to go at four places, took them to his office, tasted them, made notes and then drew conclusions. All the coffee was tasted black with no sugar. Just cups of Garcia. He reached the conclusion that McDonald’s Premium Coffee (at about $1.50 a cup), tasted nearly as good as Starbucks House Blend (at about $1.70 a cup), both of which were much better than either Dunkin’ Donuts (at about $1.20) or Burger King (less than $1). This study argued that McDonald’s was best, all things considered. ? Another study was written up by a good critic who was simply interested in identifying the best-tasting coffee. Again, he tasted them all black with nothing added. Each cup of coffee was consumed in the urban location near the inner city center in which he lived. He reached the conclusion that Starbucks’ coffee had the best flavor although it showed room for improvement. McDonald’s premium coffee was not as good, but it was better than the other two. Dunkin’ Donuts coffee had reasonably unobjectionable taste but was very weak and watery. The Burger King coffee was simply not very good. ? Yet another study talked about Starbucks becoming a huge company and how it has lost touch with the common coffee shop coffee customer. The researchers stood outside a small organic specialty shop and interviewed 100 consumers as they exited the shop. They asked, “Which coffee do you prefer?” The results showed a preference for a local coffee, tea, and incense shop, and otherwise put Starbucks last behind McDonald’s, Burger King, and Dunkin’ Donuts. ? Still another study compared the coffee-drinking experience. A sample of 50 consumers in Edinburg, Texas, were interviewed and asked to list the coffee shop they frequented Page 2 of 2 most. Starbucks was listed by more consumers than any other place. A small percentage listed Dunkin’ Donuts but none listed McDonald’s, despite their efforts at creating a premium coffee experience. The study did not ask consumers to compare the tastes of the coffee across the different places. Garcia also wants to find data showing coffee consumption patterns and the number of coffee shops around the United States, so he spends time looking for data on the Internet. His searches don’t reveal anything satisfying. As Garcia ponders how to go about starting “A Cup of Garcia,” he wonders about the relevance of this previous research. Is it useful at all? He even questions whether he is capable of doing any primary research himself and considers hiring someone to do a feasibility study for him. Maybe doing research is easier than using research. Sources: Shiver, J., “Taste Test: The Little Joes Take on Starbucks,” USA Today (March 26, 2008), http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/food/2006-03-26- coffee_x.htm, accessed July 20, 2008; Associated Press, “McDonald’s Coffee Beats Starbucks, Says Consumer Reports,” The Seattle Times (February 2, 2007), http:// seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/businesstechnology/2003553322_webcoffeetest02. html, accessed July 20, 2008; “Coffee Wars: Starbucks v McDonald’s,” The Economist 386 (January 10, 2008), 58. Questions 1. What are the top three key decisions faced by Garcia? 2. What are the key deliverables that an outside researcher should produce to help Joe with the key decisions? 3. How relevant are the coffee taste studies cited above? Explain. 4. What flaws in the coffee taste studies should Garcia consider in trying to weigh the merits of their results? 5. Briefly relate this situation to each of the major stages of the marketing research process. 6. Try to do a quick search to explore the question: “Are American consumer preferences the same all across the United States?” 7. Would it be better for Garcia to do the research himself or have a consultant perform the work? 8. If a consultant comes in to do the job, what are three key deliverables that would likely be important to Garcia in making a decision to launch the “A Cup of Garcia” coffee shop?

1) In? 2003, an organization surveyed

1 comma 5081,508

adult Americans and asked about a certain? war, "Do you believe the United States made the right or wrong decision to use military? force?" Of the

1 comma 5081,508

adult Americans? surveyed,

1 comma 0861,086

stated the United States made the right decision. In? 2008, the organization asked the same question of

1 comma 5081,508

adult Americans and found that

570570

believed the United States made the right decision. Construct and interpret a? 90% confidence interval for the difference between the two population? proportions,

p 2003 minus p 2008p2003?p2008.

The lower bound of a? 90% confidence interval is

nothing.

Two researchers conducted a study in which two groups of students were asked to answer 42 trivia questions from a board game. The students in group 1 were asked to spend 5 minutes thinking about what it would mean to be a? professor, while the students in group 2 were asked to think about soccer hooligans. These pretest thoughts are a form of priming. The

200200

students in group 1 had a mean score of

26.126.1

with a standard deviation of

4.84.8?,

while the

200200

students in group 2 had a mean score of

17.717.7

with a standard deviation of

3.93.9.

Complete parts ?(a) and ?(b) below.?(a) Determine the

9090?%

confidence interval for the difference in? scores,

mu 1 minus mu 2?1??2.

Interpret the interval.The lower bound is

nothing.

The upper bound is

nothing.

?(Round to three decimal places as? needed)

3)

?(a) Test whether

mu 1 not equals mu 2?1??2

at the

alpha equals 0.01?=0.01

level of significance for the given sample data.

Determine the null and alternative hypothesis for this test.

A.

Upper H 0 :H0:mu 1 equals mu 2?1=?2

Upper H 1 :H1:mu 1 greater than mu 2?1>?2

B.

Upper H 0 :H0:mu 1 equals mu 2?1=?2

Upper H 1 :H1:mu 1 not equals mu 2?1??2

Your answer is correct.

C.

Upper H 0 :H0:mu 1 not equals mu 2?1??2

Upper H 1 :H1:mu 1 equals mu 2?1=?2

D.

Upper H 0 :H0:mu 1 not equals mu 2?1??2

Upper H 1 :H1:mu 1 greater than mu 2?1>?2

Detemine the? P-value for this hypothesis test.

Pequals=nothing

?(Round to three decimal places as? needed.)

LOADING...

Click the icon to view the Student? t-distribution table.

?a) Perform a hypothesis test. Determine the null and alternative hypotheses.

A.

Upper H 0H0?:

mu 1 equals mu 2?1=?2?,

Upper H 1H1?:

mu 1 greater than mu 2?1>?2Your answer is correct.

B.

Upper H 0H0?:

mu 1 less than mu 2?1<?2?,

Upper H 1H1?:

mu 1 greater than mu 2?1>?2

C.

Upper H 0H0?:

mu 1 greater than mu 2?1>?2?,

Upper H 1H1?:

mu 1 less than mu 2?1<?2

D.

Upper H 0H0?:

mu 1 equals mu 2?1=?2?,

Upper H 1H1?:

mu 1 less than mu 2?1<?2

Determine the test statistic.

tequals=nothing

?(Round to two decimal places as? needed.)

LOADING...

Click the icon to view the Student? t-distribution table.

What are the null and alternative? hypotheses?

Upper H 0H0?:

mu Subscript carpet?carpet

equals=

mu Subscript no carpet?no carpet

versus Upper H 1H1?:

mu Subscript carpet?carpet

greater than>

mu Subscript no carpet?no carpet

Calculate the test? statistic,

t 0t0.

t 0t0equals=nothing

?(Round to two decimal places as? needed.)

1. PUSHING ON STRINGS
   The explosion of U.S. banks' excess reserves since 2008
   illustrates the dramatic failure of monetary policy.

   BY GERALD FRIEDMAN May/June 2009; updated 2018 Dollars and Sense

   Monetary policy is not working. Since the economic crisis began in July 2007, the Federal Reserve has dramatically cut interest rates and pumped out over $1 trillion, increasing the money supply by over 15% in less than two years. These vast sums have failed to revive the economy because the banks have been hoarding liquidity rather than lending. The Fed requires that banks hold money on reserve to back up deposits and other bank liabilities. In the past, beyond these required reserves, banks would hold very small amounts of excess reserves, holdings that they minimized because reserves earn very little or no interest. Between the 1950s and September 2008, U.S. banks held over $5 billion in total excess reserves only once, after the September 11 attacks. This changed with the collapse of Lehman Brothers. Beginning with less than $2 billion in August 2008, excess reserves soared to $60 billion in September and then to $559 billion in November before peaking at $798 billion in January 2009. (They had dropped to $644 billion by the time this article was written.)

   This explosion of excess reserves represents a signal change in bank policy that threatens the effectiveness of monetary policy in the current economic crisis. Aware of their own financial vulnerability, even insolvency, frightened bank managers

   Time series graph: Bank Excess Reserves Since 1999

   
   BANK EXCESS RESERVES SINCE 1999

   responded to the collapse of major investment houses like Lehman Brothers by grabbing and hoarding all the cash that they could get. At the same time, a general loss of confidence and spreading economic collapse persuaded banks that there are few to whom they could lend with confidence that the loans would be repaid. Clearly, our banks have decided that they need, or at least want, the money more than consumers and productive businesses do.

   Banks could have been investing this money by lending to businesses that needed liquidity to buy material inputs or pay workers. Had they done so, monetarist economists would be shouting from the rooftops, or at lease in the university halls, about how monetary policy prevented another Great Depression. Instead, even the Wall Street journal is proclaiming that "We're All Keynesians Again" because monetary policy has failed. Monetary authorities, the Wall Street journal explains, can create money but they cannot force banks to lend or to invest it in productive activities. The Federal Reserve confronts a reality shown in the graph above: it can't "push on a string," as Fed Chair Marriner Eccles famously put it during his testimony before Congress in 1935, in the depths of the Great Depression.

   If the banks won't lend, then we need more than monetary policy to get out of the current crisis. No bailout, no Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), can revive the economy if banks hoard all of the cash they receive. The Obama-era stimulus was an appropriate response to the failure of string-pushing. But much more government stimulus will be needed to solve a crisis this large, and we will need programs to move liquidity from bank vaults to businesses and consumers. It may be time to stop waiting on the banks, and to start telling them what to do with our money.

   Update, June 2018

   Ten years after the onset of the Great Recession, sometimes called the Lesser Depression, we can better appreciate the limits of monetary policy in stimulating a depressed economy. Four years after the 2008 crash, the Federal Reserve pushed money into the economy in hopes of stimulating investment. While not a complete failure, the Fed's monetary policy did little to stimulate the economy, with investment demand in particular continuing to lag in what has been the slowest economic recovery since World War II. The failure of monetary policy, not only in the United States but in Japan and Europe as well, has led even many orthodox economists, notably Paul Krugman and Larry Summers, to warn that the United States has entered a period of "secular stagnation" where the rate of return has fallen so low that the interest rate cannot drop to a level where capitalists can profit from new investment. With the return on investment this slow, the economy has fallen into what John Maynard Keynes, and Krugman, call a "liquidity trap," a situation where there is so little demand for investment that further increases in the money supply will simply go into idle cash reserves rather than new economic activity. In such a situation, monetary authorities can do little but "push on strings" because only active fiscal policy can provide economic stimulus by substituting government spending for failing private investment. Inadequate fiscal stimulus in the United States and, even more, in Europe, accounts for the slow economic recovery from the Lesser Depression despite active monetary stimulus.

The discussion question(s) : Address both parts in your answer (questions a, and b) for full credit.

a.) Why does Friedman, like others before him, liken monetary policy to "pushing on a string"?

b.) What evidence does Friedman offer in his article to show that this analogy is an apt description of monetary policy today?