Translation and Remeasurement of Depreciable Assets

Massmart, the second largest retailer in Africa, is a subsidiary of Wal-Mart Inc., a U.S. company. Massmart reports its accounts in its local currency, the rand (R). Wal-Mart’s fiscal year ends January 31. On February 1, 2018, Massmart reports facilities with original cost of R500 million and accumulated depreciation of R280 million in its noncurrent assets, as follows:

• Buildings acquired at a cost of R175 million when the exchange rate was $0.15/R, with accumulated depreciation of R100 million. The buildings are being depreciated on a straight-line basis over 25 years.

• Equipment acquired at a cost of R325 million when the exchange rate was $0.12/R, with accumulated depreciation of R180 million. The equipment is being depreciated on a straight-line basis over 10 years.

Additional exchange rates:

Massmart still holds these facilities at January 31, 2019.

Required

a. Assume that Massmart’s functional currency is the rand. Calculate Massmart’s translated facilities, at cost, and related accumulated depreciation, at January 31, 2019, and its translated depreciation expense for fiscal 2019.

b. Now assume that Massmart’s functional currency is the U.S. dollar. Calculate Massmart’s remeasured facilities, at cost, and related accumulated depreciation, at January 31, 2019, and its remeasured depreciation expense for fiscal 2019.

Enter answers using all zeros (do not abbreviate to millions or thousands).

Williams-Santana, Inc., is a manufacturer of high-tech industrial parts that was started in 2009 by two talented engineers with little business training. In 2021, the company was acquired by one of its major customers. As part of an internal audit, the following facts were discovered. The audit occurred during 2021 before any adjusting entries or closing entries were prepared. The income tax rate is 25% for all years.

1. A five-year casualty insurance policy was purchased at the beginning of 2019 for $39,500. The full amount was debited to insurance expense at the time.
2. Effective January 1, 2021, the company changed the salvage value used in calculating depreciation for its office building. The building cost $636,000 on December 29, 2010, and has been depreciated on a straight-line basis assuming a useful life of 40 years and a salvage value of $100,000. Declining real estate values in the area indicate that the salvage value will be no more than $25,000.
3. On December 31, 2020, merchandise inventory was overstated by $29,500 due to a mistake in the physical inventory count using the periodic inventory system.
4. The company changed inventory cost methods to FIFO from LIFO at the end of 2021 for both financial statement and income tax purposes. The change will cause a $1,005,000 increase in the beginning inventory at January 1, 2022.
5. At the end of 2020, the company failed to accrue $17,300 of sales commissions earned by employees during 2020. The expense was recorded when the commissions were paid in early 2021.
6. At the beginning of 2019, the company purchased a machine at a cost of $810,000. Its useful life was estimated to be ten years with no salvage value. The machine has been depreciated by the double-declining balance method. Its book value on December 31, 2020, was $518,400. On January 1, 2021, the company changed to the straight-line method.
7. Warranty expense is determined each year as 1% of sales. Actual payment experience of recent years indicates that 0.75% is a better indication of the actual cost. Management effects the change in 2021. Credit sales for 2021 are $4,900,000; in 2020 they were $4,600,000.

Required:
For each situation:
1. Identify whether it represents an accounting change or an error. If an accounting change, identify the type of change. For accounting errors, choose "Not applicable".
2. Prepare any journal entry necessary as a direct result of the change or error correction, as well as any adjusting entry for 2021 related to the situation described. Any tax effects should be adjusted for through Income tax payable or Refund—income tax.

Williams-Santana, Inc., is a manufacturer of high-tech industrial parts that was started in 2009 by two talented engineers with little business training. In 2021, the company was acquired by one of its major customers. As part of an internal audit, the following facts were discovered. The audit occurred during 2021 before any adjusting entries or closing entries were prepared. The income tax rate is 25% for all years.

1. A five-year casualty insurance policy was purchased at the beginning of 2019 for $31,000. The full amount was debited to insurance expense at the time.
2. Effective January 1, 2021, the company changed the salvage value used in calculating depreciation for its office building. The building cost $568,000 on December 29, 2010, and has been depreciated on a straight-line basis assuming a useful life of 40 years and a salvage value of $100,000. Declining real estate values in the area indicate that the salvage value will be no more than $25,000.
3. On December 31, 2020, merchandise inventory was overstated by $21,000 due to a mistake in the physical inventory count using the periodic inventory system.
4. The company changed inventory cost methods to FIFO from LIFO at the end of 2021 for both financial statement and income tax purposes. The change will cause a $920,000 increase in the beginning inventory at January 1, 2022.
5. At the end of 2020, the company failed to accrue $15,600 of sales commissions earned by employees during 2020. The expense was recorded when the commissions were paid in early 2021.
6. At the beginning of 2019, the company purchased a machine at a cost of $640,000. Its useful life was estimated to be ten years with no salvage value. The machine has been depreciated by the double-declining balance method. Its book value on December 31, 2020, was $409,600. On January 1, 2021, the company changed to the straight-line method.
7. Warranty expense is determined each year as 1% of sales. Actual payment experience of recent years indicates that 0.75% is a better indication of the actual cost. Management effects the change in 2021. Credit sales for 2021 are $3,200,000; in 2020 they were $2,900,000.

Required:
For each situation:
1. Identify whether it represents an accounting change or an error. If an accounting change, identify the type of change. For accounting errors, choose "Not applicable".
2. Prepare any journal entry necessary as a direct result of the change or error correction, as well as any adjusting entry for 2021 related to the situation described. Any tax effects should be adjusted for through Income tax payable or Refund—income tax.

Williams-Santana, Inc., is a manufacturer of high-tech industrial parts that was started in 2009 by two talented engineers with little business training. In 2021, the company was acquired by one of its major customers. As part of an internal audit, the following facts were discovered. The audit occurred during 2021 before any adjusting entries or closing entries were prepared. The income tax rate is 25% for all years.

1. A five-year casualty insurance policy was purchased at the beginning of 2019 for $36,500. The full amount was debited to insurance expense at the time.
2. Effective January 1, 2021, the company changed the salvage value used in calculating depreciation for its office building. The building cost $612,000 on December 29, 2010, and has been depreciated on a straight-line basis assuming a useful life of 40 years and a salvage value of $100,000. Declining real estate values in the area indicate that the salvage value will be no more than $25,000.
3. On December 31, 2020, merchandise inventory was overstated by $26,500 due to a mistake in the physical inventory count using the periodic inventory system.
4. The company changed inventory cost methods to FIFO from LIFO at the end of 2021 for both financial statement and income tax purposes. The change will cause a $975,000 increase in the beginning inventory at January 1, 2022.
5. At the end of 2020, the company failed to accrue $16,700 of sales commissions earned by employees during 2020. The expense was recorded when the commissions were paid in early 2021.
6. At the beginning of 2019, the company purchased a machine at a cost of $750,000. Its useful life was estimated to be ten years with no salvage value. The machine has been depreciated by the double-declining balance method. Its book value on December 31, 2020, was $480,000. On January 1, 2021, the company changed to the straight-line method.
7. Warranty expense is determined each year as 1% of sales. Actual payment experience of recent years indicates that 0.75% is a better indication of the actual cost. Management effects the change in 2021. Credit sales for 2021 are $4,300,000; in 2020 they were $4,000,000.

Required:
For each situation:
1. Identify whether it represents an accounting change or an error. If an accounting change, identify the type of change. For accounting errors, choose "Not applicable".
2. Prepare any journal entry necessary as a direct result of the change or error correction, as well as any adjusting entry for 2021 related to the situation described. Any tax effects should be adjusted for through Income tax payable or Refund—income tax.

Aaron Levie is the co-founder of Box. Assume that his company currently has $250,000 in equity, and he is considering a $100,000 expansion to meet increased demand. The $100,000 expansion would yield $16,000 in additional annual income before interest expense. Assume that the business currently earns $40,000 annual income before interest expense of $10,000, yielding a return on equity of 12% ($30,000/$250,000). To fund the expansion, he is considering the issuance of a 10-year, $100,000 note with annual interest payments (the principal due at the end of 10 years).

Required

Using return on equity as the decision criterion, show computations to support or reject the expansion if interest on the $100,000 note is (a) 10%, (b) 15%, (c) 16%, (d) 17%, and (e) 20%.

What general rule do the results in part 1 illustrate?

Interns,

Mr. Howell, the prestigious founder and owner of our company would like you to perform an analysis on the company’s weekly revenues. He is requiring that the current weekly marginal revenue be at least $5,000 per week and if it is not currently at that level how fast should sales be changing to reach the target marginal revenue level. The most current information regarding weekly revenues can be found in Mr. Howell’s email below.

To be solved using derivatives.

“Mr. Kleppin,

It has come to my attention that our weekly marginal revenues may not be at the minimum level of $5,000 per week as I required. According to the sales report, we are currently selling 1,000 DVD’s per week and sales are currently rising by 200 DVD’s a week (gotta love the Marvel Universe! Customers can’t get enough!). They also inform me that our current selling price is $20 and that the price is dropping by $1 per week to encourage more sales. I would like you, Mr. Kleppin, to give the interns a chance to earn one of the 10 available positions at the end of their internship by giving them the opportunity to do the analysis. Again, I need to know if we are at the minimum level of $5,000 per week in marginal revenue, and if not, at what level should our sales per week be at so as to achieve the minimum marginal revenue level.”

Implementation strategy of Ashland University MBA program

Strategic Planning and Business Policy

Blanchard Inc. acquired a packaging machine from CCC Corporation. CCC Corporation completed construction of the machine on January 1, 2020. In payment for the $4 million machine, Blanchard Inc. issued a three-year installment note to be paid in three equal payments at the end of each year. The payments include interest at the rate of 6%.

1. Prepare the journal entry for Blanchard’s purchase of the machine on January 1, 2020

January 1, 2020:

PVA(i=3%, n=3) = 2.82861, PVA(i=3%, n=6) = 5.41719, PVA(i=6%, n=3) = 2.67301, PVA(i=6%, n=6) = 4.917322. Prepare the partial amortization schedule for the first two years of the 3-year installment note

3. Prepare the journal entry for the installment payments on December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2021.

December 31, 2020:

December 31, 2021