Quiz on Reliability, ESD, Ethics Conduct. Select the correct answer for each

a) How is a product expected to fail after a very long time in use?

-Metal electromigration will short out the power supply

-Wearout

-MOS gate oxide will burst

-Electrical overstress

-The "divide" function will start losing bits randomly

b) Is there an issue preventing continuous improvement for better reliability in manufacturing?

-Customers who design high reliability products with your semiconductor parts will not allow substantial changes in manufacturing once the process is released

-No, customers demand continuous process improvement and lower price regardless of what needs to be changed

-Once the process achieves Six Sigma qualification on 3 parameters, no further change is permitted

-Customers expect the manufacturer to buy newer equipment every year to improve product reliability

-Manufacturers can always change the specification limits, but are not permitted to reduce variation

c) Explain HBM ESD?

-System power is cycled off to drain the charge, then the human accumulates an equivalent charge

-A cable connects from a human to the test board, causing a visible arc

-The semiconductor part is charged, and then zaps itself when metal contact is made

-Charged person grounds herself through a wriststrap, causing a fast discharge

-Charged person makes electrical contact with metal of a semiconductor part, causing a fast discharge

d) Why is prevention of CDM a high priority among manufacturers?

-VDM discharges can be so fast that even a small amount of stored charge can cause damage, and discharge may happen multiple times

-The slow discharge tends to drain batteries without you knowing it

-CDM occurs at so much higher voltage than HBM that it's much more dangerous

-Rules for prevention of CDM are more difficult and cost much more money to implement

-It's embarrassing when your customers find out that you have the same problem as them

Researchers collected data to examine the relationship between pollutants and preterm births in Southern California. During the study air pollution levels were measured by air quality monitoring stations. Specifically, levels of carbon monoxide were recorded in parts per million, nitrogen dioxide and ozone in parts per hundred million, and coarse particulate matter PM₁₀ in μμg/m3. Length of gestation data were collected on 143,196 births between the years 1989 and 1993, and air pollution exposure during gestation was calculated for each birth. The analysis suggested that increased ambient PM₁₀ and, to a lesser degree, CO concentrations may be associated with the occurrence of preterm births.

a. The paragraph above describes an

A. Experiment
B. Observational Study

b. The cases in this research are

A. Air pollution exposure during gestation
B. Each birth between 1989 and 1993
C. Each year between 1989 and 1993
D. Each type of pollution measured by air quality monitoring stations

c. What is the research question?

A. How much air pollution is there in Southern California?
B. Are preterm births associated with air pollution levels?
C. How prevalent was preterm birth during the years 1989 to 1993?
D. How can expectant mothers avoid air pollution?

d. What is the population of interest?

A. All years for which air quality has been measured
B. All human babies
C. All environmental pollutants
D. All air quality monitoring stations

e. What is the sample?

A. The years between 1989 and 1993
B. The pollution measurements for the 4 pollutants
C. All air quality monitoring stations
D. The 143,196 births

f. Can the findings of this study be used to establish casual relationships?

A. No, because this is an experiment
B. Yes, because the sample size is so large
C. No, because this is an observational study
D. Yes, because air pollution is bad for human health

Researchers collected data to examine the relationship between pollutants and preterm births in Southern California. During the study air pollution levels were measured by air quality monitoring stations. Specifically, levels of carbon monoxide were recorded in parts per million, nitrogen dioxide and ozone in parts per hundred million, and coarse particulate matter PM₁₀ in μμg/m3. Length of gestation data were collected on 143,196 births between the years 1989 and 1993, and air pollution exposure during gestation was calculated for each birth. The analysis suggested that increased ambient PM₁₀ and, to a lesser degree, CO concentrations may be associated with the occurrence of preterm births.

a. The paragraph above describes an

A. Observational Study
B. Experiment

b. The cases in this research are

A. Each year between 1989 and 1993
B. Each type of pollution measured by air quality monitoring stations
C. Each birth between 1989 and 1993
D. Air pollution exposure during gestation

c. What is the research question?

A. How can expectant mothers avoid air pollution?
B. How much air pollution is there in Southern California?
C. How prevalent was preterm birth during the years 1989 to 1993?
D. Are preterm births associated with air pollution levels?

d. What is the population of interest?

A. All air quality monitoring stations
B. All years for which air quality has been measured
C. All human babies
D. All environmental pollutants

e. What is the sample?

A. The 143,196 births
B. All air quality monitoring stations
C. The pollution measurements for the 4 pollutants
D. The years between 1989 and 1993

f. Can the findings of this study be used to establish casual relationships?

A. No, because this is an observational study
B. Yes, because air pollution is bad for human health
C. No, because this is an experiment
D. Yes, because the sample size is so large

need help no clue what i am doing wrong?

The presence of student-owned information and communication technologies (smartphones, laptops, tablets, etc.) in today's college classroom creates learning problems when students distract themselves during lectures by texting and using social media. Research on multitasking presents clear evidence that human information processing is insufficient for attending to multiple stimuli and for performing simultaneous tasks.

To collect data on how multitasking with these technologies interferes with the learning process, a carefully-designed study was conducted at a mostly residential large public university in the Northeast United States. Junco, R. In-class multitasking and academic performance. Computers in Human Behavior (2012)

At the beginning of a semester a group of students who were US residents admitted through the regular admissions process and who were taking the same courses were selected based on their high use of social media and the similarities of their college GPA's. The selected students were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups:

group 1 students were told to text and use Facebook during classes in their usual high-frequency manner;

group 2 students were told to refrain from any use of texting and Facebook during classes.

At the conclusion of the semester the semester GPA's of the students were collected. The results are shown in the table below.

IN-CLASS MUTLITASKING STUDY

Frequent Facebook Use and Texting   

x₁ = 2.87

s₁ = 0.67

n₁ = 65

No Facebook Use or Texting

x₂ = 3.16

s₂ = 0.53

n₂ = 65

Do texting and Facebook use during class have a negative affect on GPA? To answer this question perform a hypothesis test with
H₀: μ₁−μ₂ = 0
where μ₁ is the mean semester GPA of all students who text and use Facebook frequently during class and μ₂ is the mean semester GPA of all students who do not text or use Facebook during class.

Question 1. What is the value of the test statistic for this hypothesis test?

Question 2. What is the P-value for this hypothesis test?

Working Together with Robots at Dynamic Group

Machines and People: Working Together

A chief executive of a manufacturing company is considering replacing current employee line positions with robots. The expectation is to essentially replace a total of four employees with one robot and one employee, only. The time that it takes to finish the product by the robot is estimated to be less than one minute (rather than one minute for each of the four employees.)

One employee is needed to examine the finished product. The employee and the robot work collaboratively. The robot is easy to move and reprogram and is a safe working companion (if it hits someone it stops working without causing injury). The robot paid for itself within two months by increasing the efficiency of the process and eliminating scrap. Productivity actually decreased at first when the robot was installed because employees enjoyed watching it work.

The chief executive believes that manufacturing systems in the future will work alone through taking raw materials and transforming them into products. He believes such a system will create more (not less) jobs and allow the company's machine operators to use their knowledge to help program the robots to do the work more efficiently and effectively rather than personally perform the work. As a result, the operators can put more effort into coming up with more creative and innovative ways to make products.

This company is not alone in its efforts to have employees and robots work together. Siemens Corporation is designing a data glove that allows an employee to control and direct a robot arm. The glove captures and transforms the movements of human hands into actions performed by the robot hand, matching the strength and accuracy of robots with human decision making power. At General Motor's Lake Orion automobile manufacturing plant, a robot lifts tires and stacks them on a cart.

1. Do you think that robots will ultimately replace humans in many jobs?
2. Why or why not?
3. What skills will employees need to be trained in, to work alongside robots?

Based on the data in Table on p.7 what have been the major skull changes in hominids in the past 1 million years? and in the past 100,000 yearS?

Java: Simple 21 Game (Blackjack)

In this game, the dealer deals two "cards" to each player, one hidden, so that only the player who gets it knows what it is, and one face up, so that everyone can see it. There are four players: one human player (user) and three computer players. The players take turns requesting cards, trying to get as close to 21 as possible, but not going over 21. A player may pass. Once a player has passed, he or she cannot later ask for another card. When all players have passed, the game ends. The winner is the player who has come closest to 21 without exceeding it. In the case of a tie, or if everyone goes over 21, no one wins. The game is only played once (so it's actually just one "hand"). The "cards" are the numbers 1 through 10 and they are randomly generated, not drawn from a deck of limited size.

There are 3 Classes:

The GameControl Class - The GameControl class controls the entire game. It has a main method which serves as the entry point to the entire program and it will be the file you will “run”. The GameControl class will take care of creating the four players, dealing the initial two cards to each player, controlling the play of the game, and printing the final results of the game. The GameControl class should have (at least) the following instance variables: human, player1, player2, player3, and random.

The HumanPlayer Class - The HumanPlayer class represents a human player in the game. The HumanPlayer class will take care of looking at his/her own hidden and visible cards, the other players’ visible cards, and deciding whether to take another card. The HumanPlayer class should have (at least) the following instance variables: name, hiddenCard, sumOfVisibleCards, and passed.

The ComputerPlayer Class - The ComputerPlayer class represents a computer player in the game. The ComputerPlayer class will take care of looking at its own hidden and visible cards, the other players’ visible cards, and deciding whether to take another card. The ComputerPlayer class should also have (at least) the following instance variables: name, hiddenCard, sumOfVisibleCards, and passed.

THE THREE SETS OF PROVIDED CODE CAN BE FOUND HERE: https://gofile.io/d/iPp1E7

Evaluation -

1. Did you set up the project correctly? Does it compile and is everything named correctly? (2 pts)

2. Does your code function? Does it do what the specifications require? (9 pts) a. Can we play the game? Does the print out make sense? b. Does the game accurately pick the winner (if there is one)?

3. Does your code pass our tests? (**Autograded**) (5 pts)

4. Did you follow good programming practices? (3 pts) a. Did you reuse code to avoid repetition (e.g. put repeated code in a helper method)? b. Did you add javadocs to methods and comment all non-trivial code? c. Did you indent properly (Cmd+i or Ctrl+i) and use { brackets } correctly for code blocks? d. Did you name variables descriptively with camelCase?

5. Did you submit the correct file (entire Java project in a .zip) and nothing else? (1 pt)

(21) Which of the following is an example of a competitive relationship between organisms?

(A) symbiosis                                                (B) mutualism    

(C) predator- prey                                          (D) all of the above

(22) Which of the following is the major greenhouse gas?

(A) methane                                                   (B) chloroflorohydrocarbons    

(C) carbon monoxide                                     (D) carbon dioxide

(23) Which of the following chemicals contribute to acid rain deposition?

(A) sulfur trioxide (SO3)                               (B) carbon dioxide (CO2)   

(C) nitrogen dioxide (NO2)                           (D) all of the above

Fundamentals of Mendelian (Simple) Genetics.

(24) An organism’s phenotype refers to its

(A) genetic composition                                                       

(B) physical traits   

(C) both genetic composition and its physical traits

(D) neither its genetic composition or its physical traits

(25) In Mendelian genetics, ____ allele(s) determine the production of a particular physical trait (or characteristic).

(A) one                                                           (B) two   

(C) three                                                         (D) four

(26) In Mendelian genetics, how many unique genotypes exist in the population?

(A) one                                                           (B) two   

(C) three                                                         (D) four

(27) With respect to a pair of homologous chromosomes (for example: #5, #5) of an individual,

(A) both chromosomes are inherited from the maternal parent

(B) both chromosomes are inherited from the paternal parent   

(C) one chromosome is inherited from each of the parents

(D) this information is not known

(28) The rules and regulations for “complete dominance” indicate that ___ copies of the recessive allele are needed to produce the recessive phenotype.

(A) one                                                           (B) two   

(C) three                                                         (D) four

(29) Assume the inheritance of fur color in mice is governed by the rules of “co-dominance” (note: you are given that the two chromosomal alleles are “brown” and “white”). A mouse exhibiting the co-dominant phenotype would have which color fur?

(30) The textbook discusses human blood typing (ABO) from both phenotypic and genotypic perspectives. If a particular red blood cell exhibits both the cell surface antigens designated glycoproteins A and B, we designated the blood type AB. This type of genetics is an example of multiple alleles and which of the following types of dominance?

(A) complete dominance                                (B) co-dominance    

(C) partial dominance                                    (D) non-dominance

(31) A human couple share the same blood type (= AB). The mother has given birth to eighteen children over three years (sextuplets three times in a row! -- Jerry Springer or Maury Povich or Steve Wilkos here they come!!). None of these children can have blood type…

(A) A                                                              (B) B    

(C) AB                                                           (D) O

Chromosome Structure and Function.

(32) During human reproduction, sperm and egg combine during fertilization to form the __________.

(A) heterozygote                                            (B) homozygote  

(C) zygote                                                      (D) none of the above

(33) Chromosomes which are not the sex chromosomes are called

(A) somatomes                                              (B) somatomers    

(C) automers                                                  (D) autosomes

(34) Karotype analysis is an especially simple and useful technique because it can indicate very dramatically any

(A) variation in an individual’s chromosome number from the normal number

(B) structural abnormalities in specific chromosomes   

(C) both choices A and B

(D) neither choices A or B

As mentioned in earlier, U.S. businesses will face a decrease in the available workforce due in part to a smaller generation of talented workers replacing retiring baby boomers. “Our study reveals that recruiters and hiring managers are not only cognizant of the issue but are concerned about its current and future impact on organizational growth,” said Dr. Jesse Harriott, former vice president of research at monster.com (http://www.monster.com), one of the leading global online career and recruitment resources. “Businesses of all sizes and across all industries must develop and implement creative programs and strategies to attract and hire top candidates while retaining and motivating current employees. As the talent pool shrinks, it is imperative that immediate action is taken to ensure businesses are properly prepared and staffed for the future.”

In a sampling of over 600 human resource managers, Monster’s survey showed that over 75 percent believe compensation is one of the top three motivators that prevent employees from leaving their job. The fact that money motivates top-performing employees is supported by almost half the human resources professionals surveyed for a Rewards Program and Incentive Compensation Survey released by the Society of Human Resource Management. The survey also found that neither monetary nor nonmonetary rewards were effective motivators for underperformers.

While compensation is clearly a significant issue, not all companies can offer this advantage. Other strategies that motivate employee loyalty and commitment are necessary. Some of these include making supervisors more accountable for worker retention, promoting work-life balance for employees, fostering a workplace where employee expectations are clearly articulated, creating learning and development programs that groom employees for future management roles, implementing performance-based systems that identify and proactively manage top employees and when possible promote from within, creating mentoring programs that match new employees with seasoned veterans, monitoring sentiment throughout the employee life cycle, and creating an employment brand “experience” that not only motivates and energizes employees but can also be used to attract new talent.

Diana Pohly, president, CEO, and owner of The Pohly Company, keeps vigilant watch over the morale of the office, ensuring that employees are satisfied. “Business owners of growing companies must possess strong leadership and management skills in order to solidify the foundation of their business,” said Pohly. “Effective team leadership is imperative to sustain efficient team workflows and contribute to employee morale.”

“Employees are the lifeblood of any organization. Building a positive work environment is an important strategy in attracting, retaining and motivating a team,” says Michelle Swanda, corporate marketing manager of The Principal. Improving employee morale with creative and effective management tactics ultimately boosts employee productivity, and that goes straight to the bottom line.

Critical Thinking Questions

1. How are social and economic factors influencing companies’ approach to hiring, motivating, and retaining employees?
2. What are some of the nonmonetary strategies companies must develop to attract and reward employees and keep them motivated?
3. What “reward factors” would be important to you when working for a company? List at least five in order of importance, and list your reasons for each.

1.When GTP hydrolysis is inhibited in the translation initiation, what would be the most possible outcome?

Select one:

A.
IF1 cannot associate with 30S ribosomal subunit.

B.
The binding affinity of IF2 with initiator tRNA would be stronger.

C.
Premature binding of 50S subunit to 30S subunit.

D.
IF3 cannot bind to 30S subunit because the binding requires energy.

E.
Poor binding occurs between the first aminoacyl-tRNA and mRNA.

2.

The sequence of a DNA template fragment encoding for protein is 5’ CAG CTA ATG 3’. What is the amino acid sequence of the peptide produced (from N-terminal to C-terminal)?

Select one:

A. fMet

B. His

C. Gln-Leu-Met

D. fMet-Leu-Gln

E. Val-Ile-Asp

3.

An antibiotic has been developed to target the 23S RNA of 50S subunit in E. coli. What would be the possible outcome(s)?

(1)    Binding of 50S to 30S would not occur.

(2)    30S subunit would not bind to mRNA at a correct position.

(3)    Polypeptide would not be synthesized.

Select one:

A. (1) only

B. (2) only

C. (3) only

D. (1) and (2) only

E. (1), (2) and (3)

4.

The coding sequence on an mRNA contains 137 codons including start and stop codons. How many nucleotides are required to produce this mRNA? How many residues are encoded by this mRNA?

Select one:

A. 405, 135

B. 408, 136

C. 408, 137

D. 411, 136

E. 411, 137