Most speciation (formation of new species) occurs allopatrically. This means
A. new species usually form when one species lives in the same location and same habitat for a long time
B. members of one species become separated geographically so that gene flow is stopped between the new populations eventually resulting in enough changes between the populations that they become different species
C. a catastrophy causes the formation of a new species by a bottleneck effect
D. gene flow between different populations in different locations prevents the gene pools of the populations from diverging
E. gene flow between different populations in different locations causes the gene pools of the populations to change.

New Century Energy Partners, Ltd. plans to explore a new oil field to expand its overseas operations. This capital investment project requires an initial outlay of $10 million and it is expected to generate annual cash flows of $3 million for a period of five years. At the end of the sixth year, the firm will incur shut-down and clean-up costs of $2 million.

Assuming that projects of similar risk have a cost of capital is 11%, what is the MIRR for this project?

12-7 New project Analysis You must evaluate a proposal to buy a new milling machine. The base price is $108,000, and shipping and installation costs would add another $12,500. The machine falls into the MACRS 3-year class, and it would be sold after 3 years for $65,000. The applicable depreciation rates are 33, 45, 15, and 7 percent as discussed in Appendix 12A. The machine would require a $5,500 increase in working capital (increased inventory less increased accounts payable). There would be no effect on revenues, but pre-tax labor would decline by $44,000 per year. The marginal tax rate is 35 percent, and the WACC is 12 percent. Also, the firm spent $5,000 last year investigating the feasibility of using the machine.

a. How should the $5,000 spent last year be handled?

b. What is the net cost of the machine for capital budgeting purposes, that is, the Year 0 project cash flow?

c. What are the net operating cash flows during the Years 1, 2, and 3?

d. What is the terminal year cash flow?

e. Should the machine be purchased? Explain your answer

Please explain using an Excel spreadsheet

DNA polymerase III builds new DNA strands in the 5' to 3' direction...always adding the new nucleotide to the 3' end of the existing strand. As it adds new nucleotides, it proofreads its work. If a mistake is detected, DNA polymerase will act as an exonuclease and excise the incorrect nucleotide. A. What supplies the energy needed to add the new nucleotide to the existing chain? B. Please explain why evolution has favored 5’ to 3’ polymerases, as opposed to 3’ to 5’ ones (hint...what happens if DNA Polymerase removes a nucleotide?).

Your new client, Barbara, has just formed a new corporation that provides consulting services to couples contemplating marriage. She has learned from her accountant that there will be items in her business that cause her financial accounting income to be different than her taxable income. Barbara wants to know what these income and expense items are and how she will compute her corporation’s taxable income. She also needs guidance on when her corporation will need to file taxes and make estimated payments, if needed.

“We really need to get this new material-handling equipment in operation just after the new year begins. I hope we can finance it largely with cash and marketable securities, but if necessary we can get a short-term loan down at MetroBank.” This statement by Beth Davies-Lowry, president of Intercoastal Electronics Company, concluded a meeting she had called with the firm’s top management. Intercoastal is a small, rapidly growing wholesaler of consumer electronic products. The firm’s main product lines are small kitchen appliances and power tools. Marcia Wilcox, Intercoastal’s General Manager of Marketing, has recently completed a sales forecast. She believes the company’s sales during the first quarter of 20x1 will increase by 10 percent each month over the previous month’s sales. Then Wilcox expects sales to remain constant for several months. Intercoastal’s projected balance sheet as of December 31, 20x0, is as follows:

Jack Hanson, the assistant controller, is now preparing a monthly budget for the first quarter of 20x1. In the process, the following information has been accumulated:

1. Projected sales for December of 20x0 are $500,000. Credit sales typically are 70 percent of total sales. Intercoastal’s credit experience indicates that 10 percent of the credit sales are collected during the month of sale, and the remainder are collected during the following month.
2. Intercoastal’s cost of goods sold generally runs at 70 percent of sales. Inventory is purchased on account, and 40 percent of each month’s purchases are paid during the month of purchase. The remainder is paid during the following month. In order to have adequate stocks of inventory on hand, the firm attempts to have inventory at the end of each month equal to half of the next month’s projected cost of goods sold.
3. Hanson has estimated that Intercoastal’s other monthly expenses will be as follows:

   Sales salaries	$	35,000
   Advertising and promotion		16,000
   Administrative salaries		35,000
   Depreciation		25,000
   Interest on bonds		1,250
   Property taxes		1,500

   
   In addition, sales commissions run at the rate of 2 percent of sales.

4. Intercoastal’s president, Davies-Lowry, has indicated that the firm should invest $105,000 in an automated inventory-handling system to control the movement of inventory in the firm’s warehouse just after the new year begins. These equipment purchases will be financed primarily from the firm’s cash and marketable securities. However, Davies-Lowry believes that Intercoastal needs to keep a minimum cash balance of $40,000. If necessary, the remainder of the equipment purchases will be financed using short-term credit from a local bank. The minimum period for such a loan is three months. Hanson believes short-term interest rates will be 10 percent per year at the time of the equipment purchases. If a loan is necessary, Davies-Lowry has decided it should be paid off by the end of the first quarter if possible.
5. Intercoastal’s board of directors has indicated an intention to declare and pay dividends of $50,000 on the last day of each quarter.
6. The interest on any short-term borrowing will be paid when the loan is repaid. Interest on Intercoastal’s bonds is paid semiannually on January 31 and July 31 for the preceding six-month period.
7. Property taxes are paid semiannually on February 28 and August 31 for the preceding six-month period.

Required:
Prepare Intercoastal Electronics Company’s master budget for the first quarter of 20x1 by completing the following schedules and statements.

2. Cash receipts budget:

“We really need to get this new material-handling equipment in operation just after the new year begins. I hope we can finance it largely with cash and marketable securities, but if necessary we can get a short-term loan down at MetroBank.” This statement by Beth Davies-Lowry, president of Intercoastal Electronics Company, concluded a meeting she had called with the firm’s top management. Intercoastal is a small, rapidly growing wholesaler of consumer electronic products. The firm’s main product lines are small kitchen appliances and power tools. Marcia Wilcox, Intercoastal’s General Manager of Marketing, has recently completed a sales forecast. She believes the company’s sales during the first quarter of 20x1 will increase by 10 percent each month over the previous month’s sales. Then Wilcox expects sales to remain constant for several months. Intercoastal’s projected balance sheet as of December 31, 20x0, is as follows:

Jack Hanson, the assistant controller, is now preparing a monthly budget for the first quarter of 20x1. In the process, the following information has been accumulated:

1. Projected sales for December of 20x0 are $500,000. Credit sales typically are 70 percent of total sales. Intercoastal’s credit experience indicates that 10 percent of the credit sales are collected during the month of sale, and the remainder are collected during the following month.
2. Intercoastal’s cost of goods sold generally runs at 70 percent of sales. Inventory is purchased on account, and 40 percent of each month’s purchases are paid during the month of purchase. The remainder is paid during the following month. In order to have adequate stocks of inventory on hand, the firm attempts to have inventory at the end of each month equal to half of the next month’s projected cost of goods sold.
3. Hanson has estimated that Intercoastal’s other monthly expenses will be as follows:

   Sales salaries	$	35,000
   Advertising and promotion		16,000
   Administrative salaries		35,000
   Depreciation		25,000
   Interest on bonds		1,250
   Property taxes		1,500

   
   In addition, sales commissions run at the rate of 2 percent of sales.

4. Intercoastal’s president, Davies-Lowry, has indicated that the firm should invest $105,000 in an automated inventory-handling system to control the movement of inventory in the firm’s warehouse just after the new year begins. These equipment purchases will be financed primarily from the firm’s cash and marketable securities. However, Davies-Lowry believes that Intercoastal needs to keep a minimum cash balance of $40,000. If necessary, the remainder of the equipment purchases will be financed using short-term credit from a local bank. The minimum period for such a loan is three months. Hanson believes short-term interest rates will be 10 percent per year at the time of the equipment purchases. If a loan is necessary, Davies-Lowry has decided it should be paid off by the end of the first quarter if possible.
5. Intercoastal’s board of directors has indicated an intention to declare and pay dividends of $50,000 on the last day of each quarter.
6. The interest on any short-term borrowing will be paid when the loan is repaid. Interest on Intercoastal’s bonds is paid semiannually on January 31 and July 31 for the preceding six-month period.
7. Property taxes are paid semiannually on February 28 and August 31 for the preceding six-month period.

Required:
Prepare Intercoastal Electronics Company’s master budget for the first quarter of 20x1 by completing the following schedules and statements.

1. Sales budget:

1. Leverage Analysis:  Your employer has decided to purchase a new manufacturing line.  The new line will generate an additional $3,000,000 of operating income annually and will cost $50,000,000.  You are trying to decide if the line should be financed with debt or with equity.  The company currently has $60,000,000 of debt (borrowing rate is 8%) and $30,000,000 of equity.  

(Part #1) Complete the income statement below (shaded region) including the two ratios at the bottom of the table. (Part #2) Recommend one of the two financing options and DEFEND your decision with sound reasoning in the white space below.

• New manufacturing line cost:                        $50,000,000
• Additional annual Operating Profit:               $3,000,000
• Financing Alternatives:                      $50,000,000 loan or 1,000,000 shares of common stock
• Interest Expense is 8%
• Tax rate is 25%

(7 pts)

Part #2:  Which financing (debt or equity) do you choose and WHY?

Cheetah Copy purchased a new copy machine. The new machine cost $110,000 including installation. The company estimates the equipment will have a residual value of $27,500. Cheetah Copy also estimates it will use the machine for four years or about 8,000 total hours. Actual use per year was as follows:

1. Prepare a depreciation schedule for four years using the straight-line method. (Do not round your intermediate calculations.)

2. Prepare a depreciation schedule for four years using the double-declining-balance method. (Hint: The asset will be depreciated in only two years.) (Do not round your intermediate calculations.)

3. Prepare a depreciation schedule for four years using the activity-based method. (Round your "Depreciation Rate" to 3 decimal places and use this amount in all subsequent calculations.)

A company has decided to sell $50 million in new 20-year bonds to finance new construction projects. The company is also considering whether to issue coupon bearing bonds or zero coupon bonds both with the same face value of $1,000. The YTM on either bond issue will be 7.5%. The coupon bond would have a 7.5% coupon rate and the bond makes semiannual payments. (1) How many of the coupon bonds must the company issue to raise the $50 million? How many of the zeroes must it issue? (2) In 20 years, what will be the principal repayment due if the company issues the coupon bonds? What if it issues the zeroes?