An experiment was conducted for better understanding of the effectiveness of a particular type of drug for reducing bad cholesterol (LDL) level. The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether different dosages used have significant different outcomes in average LDL reduction. Twenty subjects with LDL at around 250 to 300 mg/dL had participated in the study and were randomly divided into four groups. Each group was given a specific level of dosage of the drug each day for one month, with a control group that only provided with placebo. The reduction in LDL was recorded and showed in the following table. Positive number indicates reduction and negative numbers indicates increasing in DLD. Use statistical software to analyze the data and answer the following question.

Perform a One-way ANOVA test to see if there is significant difference between the outcomes from the four treatment groups, at 5% level of significance, by answering the following questions.

1. Perform nonparametric Kruskal Wallis test and conclude the analysis using the p-value of the test.

Null hypothesis:

Alternative hypothesis:

Report p-value and use it to draw the conclusion:

[Paste software output here!]

In a laboratory experiment to investigate the effect of sewage effluent on the fecundity of freshwater shrimps (Gammarus pulex) a number of populations of shrimps were placed into large vessels with different concentrations of organic matter. Females from each vessel were then dissected to see how many eggs they were carrying.

(i) Plot a graph of the relationship using R/SPSS. Obtain estimates of the slope and intercept of the line of best fit through the data and predict the mean fecundity of Gammarus when reared with 3.2 g/l organic matter.

(ii) Test the NH that there is no underlying linear relationship (i.e. zero slope at population level) between fecundity and organic matter. Visually examine the distribution of residuals and comment on whether the assumptions of the test appear valid. What is the estimated variance (i.e. the estimated “error”) of residuals around the fitted line?

An experiment was performed to determine the effect of four different chemicals on the strength of a fabric. These chemicals are used as part of the permanent press finishing process. Five fabric samples were selected, and a randomized complete block design was run by testing each chemical type once in random order on each fabric sample. The data are shown in Table below. test for differences in means using an ANOVA with α=0.01 Fabric Sample Chemical Type 1 2 3 4 5 1 1.3 1.6 0.5 1.2 1.1 2 2.2 2.4 0.4 2.0 1.8 3 1.8 1.7 0.6 1.5 1.3 4 3.9 4.4 2.0 4.1 3.4

Truck pollution: In an experiment to determine the effect of ambient temperature on the emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) of diesel trucks, 10 trucks were run at temperatures of 40°F and 80°F. The emissions, in parts per billion, are presented in the following table.

Truck                         40° F                              80° F

1                                 834.7                             815.2

2                               753.2                               755.2

3                                855.7                             812.6

4                              901.2                               797.1

5                                785.4                              744.3

6                                862.9                              819.5

7                                882.7                              783.6

8                               740.3                               694.5

9                              748.0                                 732.9

10                           848.6                                  794.7

a. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the parameters of interest. Show all work including formula used. b. Interpret the interval. c. Researchers claim that the population mean emission of oxides of nitrogen from diesel trucks run at 80 degrees F is more than 20 points lower than that of trucks run at 40 degrees F. Do you agree with the claim? Explain

(a) A helium lamp is used for an experiment to study the photoelectric effect. The visible part of the spectrum emitted from the lamp is split into its components using a glass prism, which reveals a yellow spectral line at 587nm and a blue spectral line at 447nm.

(i) Explain briefly the origin of the distinct lines of different colour.

(ii) Has blue or yellow light higher energy (per photon)? Justify your answer.

(iii) The refractive index of the glass prism is larger for blue light than for yellow. Will the direction of blue or yellow light change by a larger angle compared to the incident light? Justify your answer.

(iv) Has blue or yellow light higher velocity within the glass prism? Justify your answer.

(b) The yellow light and blue light from part (a) hit a piece of potassium with work function 2.29 eV.

(i) Calculate the energy of the emitted photoelectrons.

(ii) Electrons are fermions. State the difference between fermions and bosons in terms of their spin quantum number.

(iii) Briefly explain the meaning of the Pauli exclusion principle.

(iv) A helium ion with total charge −e has 3 electrons. Show that there are four different combinations of spin magnetic quantum number that these electrons can have. Justify your answer on the basis of the aufbau principle.

1. If the HCl used in this experiment was prepared at a concentration of 0.15M. Using your volume of HCl neutralized by your whole tablet, calculate the mass of active ingredient (CaCO3) in the tablet in milligrams.

2. Instead of using ratios for back titrations we can also use molarities, if our solutions are standardized. A 0.196g sample of antacid containing an unknown amount of triprotic base Al(OH)3 was reacted with 25.0mL of 0.111M HCl. The resulting solution was then titrated with 11.05mL of 0.132M NaOH solution. Calculate the mass percent of Al(OH)3 in the antacid sample.

2. An experiment was conducted to determine if a drug could be used as a treatment for the eating disorder anorexia. The test subjects were women being treated for anorexia. A group of 50 patients received the drug, and after a year, 39 were deemed healthy. Construct a 99% confidence interval for the true proportion of patients who would be deemed healthy after receiving the drug for a year.

In a bubble chamber experiment, the decay of a Σ+ particle into a π+ particle and a neutron is observed when a 1.03 T magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the paths of the particles. The Σ+ and π+ particles leave curved tracks of radii 2.01 m and 0.588 m respectively. The rest masses are mΣ+ = 1189.4 MeV/c2 and mπ+ = 139.6 MeV/c2. If at the moment of decay, the angle between the momentum of the Σ+ and π+ particles is 71.6°, what is the magnitude of the momentum of the neutron? (Express your answer in units of MeV/c.)

A team of comparative psychologists are interested in the maternal behavior or rats. In an experiment, 10, 20, and 25 day-old rat pups were separated from their mothers. They then recorded the time (in seconds) required for the mother rats to retrieve the pups. The psychologists were interest in whether retrieval time varies with age. The data are given below. What can be concluded with an α of 0.05?

a) What is the appropriate test statistic?
---Select--- na one-way ANOVA within-subjects ANOVA two-way ANOVA

b) Compute the appropriate test statistic(s) to make a decision about H₀.
critical value =  ; test statistic =  
Decision:  ---Select--- Reject H0 Fail to reject H0

c) Compute the corresponding effect size(s) and indicate magnitude(s).
η² =  ;  ---Select--- na trivial effect small effect medium effect large effect

A student followed the procedure of this experiment to determine the percent NaOCl in a commercial bleaching solution that was found in the basement of an abandoned house. The student diluted 50.00 mL of commercial bleaching solution to 250 mL in a volumetric flask, and titrated a 20-mL aliquot of the diluted bleaching solution. The titration required 35.46 mL of 0.1052M Na2S2O3 solution. A faded price label on the gallon bottle read $0.79. The density of the bleaching solution was 1.10 g/mL

Calculate the mass of NaOCl present in the diluted bleaching solution titrated