Boatbound

Serial entrepreneur Aaron Hall took note of the “sharing economy” that emerged during the last recession and launched Boatbound, a peer-to-peer boat rental company that brings together boat owners who are willing to rent their boats when they are not in use and people who want a fun boating experience without the cost of owning a boat. Hall realized that 12.2 million boats are registered in the United States, yet the average owner uses his or her boat just 26 days per year. Boatbound screens all potential renters, verifies the condition and the safety of each boat, carries ample insurance on each boat, and covers general liability. Boat owners select their renters from Boatbound’s pool of applicants and set daily rental fees, and Boatbound collects 35 percent of the fee. Boatbound has rented every kind of boat, from kayaks to yachts with captains. Fees range from $200 to $8,500 per day. “As a boat owner and someone in the marine industry, I’ve been waiting for something like this my whole life,” says Aabad Melwani, owner of a marina. “I just didn’t know it.”

Henrybuilt

Scott Hudson, CEO of Henrybuilt, had created a profitable niche designing and building upscale kitchens that ranged from $30,000 to $100,000. In 2006, Hudson opened a New York City showroom, which doubled in size in just 18 months. By 2008, the company had more than 200 jobs in the United States, Mexico, and Canada. When the recession hit, however, new projects came to a standstill, and customers began cancelling orders. In response, Hudson launched a subsidiary, Viola Park Corporation, that provides customers lower-cost remodeling options that use its software rather than an architect to create “custom” variations on Henrybuilt designs. The result is a process that produces a kitchen much faster and at half the cost of a Henrybuilt kitchen. Henrybuilt sales have recovered, but Viola Park accounts for 20 percent of sales and is growing twice as fast as Henrybuilt. Unequal Technologies Robert Vito started Unequal Technologies in 2008 to supply protective clothing and gear, including bullet-proof vests, to military contractors. The protective gear is made from a lightweight yet strong composite material that he developed and patented. Two years later, the equipment manager of the Philadelphia Eagles called to ask whether Unequal Technologies could create a special garment for one of its star players who had suffered a sternum injury. Vito modified the bullet-proof vest for the player and soon had other players in the National Football League asking for protective gear. Unequal technologies went on to develop Concussion Reduction Technology (CRT), peel-and-stick pads for football helmets that are made from before it reaches the skull. Independent tests show that CRT reduces the risk of head injuries from impact by 53 percent. The company now supplies equipment to 27 of the NFL’s 32 teams and has its sights set on an even larger market: amateur sports. Vito says Unequal’s technology gives the company a competitive edge that has allowed it to increase sales from $1 million to $20 million in just one year.

(Source: Scarborough and Cornwall, 2016)

1. Select one of these small businesses (Boatbound or Henrybuilt) and explain how the said business used six (6) of the 10 types of innovation to bolster its success.   

15. Marks)

Please prepare a PowerPoint presentation of the following case.

During the late 1980s, the decline in Akron’s tire industry, inflation, and changes in governmental priorities almost resulted in the permanent closing of the Akron Children’s Zoo. Lagging attendance and a low level of memberships did not help matters. Faced with uncertain prospects of continuing, the city of Akron opted out of the zoo business. In response, the Akron Zoological Park was organized as a corporation to contract with the city to operate the zoo.

The Akron Zoological Park is an independent organization that manages the Akron Children’s Zoo for the city. To be successful, the Zoo must maintain its image as a high-quality place for its visitors to spend their time. Its animal exhibits are clean and neat. The animals, birds, and reptiles are carefully looked after. As resources become available for construction and continuing operations, the Zoo keeps adding new exhibits and activities. Efforts seem to be working, because attendance increased from 53,353 in 1989 to an all-time record of 133,762 in 1994.

Due to its northern climate, the Zoo conducts its open season from mid-April until mid-October. It reopens for one week at Halloween and for the month of December. Zoo attendance depends largely on the weather. For example, attendance was down during the month of December 1995, which established many local records for the coldest temperatures and the most snow. Variations in weather also affect crop yields and prices for fresh animal foods, thereby influencing the costs of animal maintenance.

In normal circumstances, the zoo may be able to achieve its target goal and attract an annual attendance equal to 40% of its community. Akron has not grown appreciably during the past decade. But the Zoo became known as an innovative community resource, and as indicated in the table, annual paid attendance has doubled. Approximately 35% of all visitors are adults. Children account for one-half of the paid attendance. Group admissions remain a constant 15% of zoo attendance.

The Zoo does not have an advertising budget. To gain exposure in its market, the Zoo depends on public service announcements, its public television series, and local press coverage of its activities and social happenings. Many of these activities are but a few years old. They are a strong reason that annual zoo attendance has increased. Although the Zoo is a nonprofit organization, it must ensure that its sources of income equal or exceed its operating and physical plant costs. Its continued existence remains totally dependent on its ability to generate revenues and to reduce its expenses.

Source: Professor F. Bruce Simmons III, University of Akron.

Zoo Attendance by Year and Admission Fee

YEAR	ATTENDANCE	ADMISSION FEE ($)
		ADULT	CHILD	GROUP
1998	117,874	4.00	2.50	1.50
1997	125,363	3.00	2.00	1.00
1996	126,853	3.00	2.00	1.50
1995	108,363	2.50	1.50	1.00
1994	133,762	2.50	1.50	1.00
1993	95,504	2.00	1.00	0.50
1992	63,034	1.50	0.75	0.50
1991	63,853	1.50	0.75	0.50
1990	61,417	1.50	0.75	0.50
1989	53,353	1.50	0.75	0.50

Questions

1. The president of the Akron Zoo asked you to calculate the expected gate admittance figures and revenues for both 1999 and 2000. Would simple linear regression analysis be the appropriate forecasting technique?
2. What factors other than admission price influence annual attendance and should be considered in the forecast?

Cynthia​ Knott's oyster bar buys fresh Louisiana oysters for ​$4 per pound and sells them for ​$8 per pound. Any oysters not sold that day are sold to her​ cousin, who has a nearby grocery​ store, for ​$2 per pound. Cynthia believes that demand follows the normal​ distribution, with a mean of 120 pounds and a standard deviation of 10 pounds. How many pounds should she order each​ day? Refer to the standard normal table for​ z-values.

Cynthia should order nothing_______________pounds of oysters each day ​(round your response to one decimal​ place).

Z

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.0

0.5000

0.5040

0.5080

0.5120

0.5160

0.5199

0.5239

0.5279

0.5319

0.5359

0.1

0.5398

0.5438

0.5478

0.5517

0.5557

0.5596

0.5636

0.5675

0.5714

0.5754

0.2

0.5793

0.5832

0.5871

0.5910

0.5948

0.5987

0.6026

0.6064

0.6103

0.6141

0.3

0.6179

0.6217

0.6255

0.6293

0.6331

0.6368

0.6406

0.6443

0.6480

0.6517

0.4

0.6554

0.6591

0.6628

0.6664

0.6700

0.6736

0.6772

0.6808

0.6844

0.6879

0.5

0.6915

0.6950

0.6985

0.7019

0.7054

0.7088

0.7123

0.7157

0.7190

0.7224

0.6

0.7258

0.7291

0.7324

0.7357

0.7389

0.7422

0.7454

0.7486

0.7518

0.7549

0.7

0.7580

0.7612

0.7642

0.7673

0.7704

0.7734

0.7764

0.7794

0.7823

0.7852

0.8

0.7881

0.7910

0.7939

0.7967

0.7996

0.8023

0.8051

0.8079

0.8106

0.8133

0.9

0.8159

0.8186

0.8212

0.8238

0.8264

0.8289

0.8315

0.8340

0.8365

0.8389

1.0

0.8413

0.8438

0.8461

0.8485

0.8508

0.8531

0.8554

0.8577

0.8599

0.8621

1.1

0.8643

0.8665

0.8686

0.8708

0.8729

0.8749

0.8770

0.8790

0.8810

0.8830

1.2

0.8849

0.8869

0.8888

0.8907

0.8925

0.8944

0.8962

0.8980

0.8997

0.9015

1.3

0.9032

0.9049

0.9066

0.9082

0.9099

0.9115

0.9131

0.9147

0.9162

0.9177

1.4

0.9192

0.9207

0.9222

0.9236

0.9251

0.9265

0.9279

0.9292

0.9306

0.9319

1.5

0.9332

0.9345

0.9357

0.9370

0.9382

0.9394

0.9406

0.9418

0.9430

0.9441

1.6

0.9452

0.9463

0.9474

0.9485

0.9495

0.9505

0.9515

0.9525

0.9535

0.9545

1.7

0.9554

0.9564

0.9573

0.9582

0.9591

0.9599

0.9608

0.9616

0.9625

0.9633

1.8

0.9641

0.9649

0.9656

0.9664

0.9671

0.9678

0.9686

0.9693

0.9700

0.9706

1.9

0.9713

0.9719

0.9726

0.9732

0.9738

0.9744

0.9750

0.9756

0.9762

0.9767

2.0

0.9773

0.9778

0.9783

0.9788

0.9793

0.9798

0.9803

0.9808

0.9812

0.9817

2.1

0.9821

0.9826

0.9830

0.9834

0.9838

0.9842

0.9846

0.9850

0.9854

0.9857

2.2

0.9861

0.9865

0.9868

0.9871

0.9875

0.9878

0.9881

0.9884

0.9887

0.9890

2.3

0.9893

0.9896

0.9898

0.9901

0.9904

0.9906

0.9909

0.9911

0.9913

0.9916

2.4

0.9918

0.9920

0.9922

0.9925

0.9927

0.9929

0.9931

0.9932

0.9934

0.9936

2.5

0.9938

0.9940

0.9941

0.9943

0.9945

0.9946

0.9948

0.9949

0.9951

0.9952

2.6

0.9953

0.9955

0.9956

0.9957

0.9959

0.9960

0.9961

0.9962

0.9963

0.9964

2.7

0.9965

0.9966

0.9967

0.9968

0.9969

0.9970

0.9971

0.9972

0.9973

0.9974

2.8

0.9974

0.9975

0.9976

0.9977

0.9977

0.9978

0.9979

0.9980

0.9980

0.9981

2.9

0.9981

0.9982

0.9983

0.9983

0.9984

0.9984

0.9985

0.9985

0.9986

0.9986

3.0

0.9987

0.9987

0.9987

0.9988

0.9988

0.9989

0.9990

0.9989

0.9990

0.9990

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Weather App </title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="main.css" />
</head>
<body>
<div class="app-wrap">
<header>
<input type="text" autocomplete="on" class="search-box" placeholder="Enter your location..." />
</header>
<main>
<section class= "location">
<div class="city">Hyderabad, IN</div>
<div class="date">Thursday 23 July 2020</div>
</section>
<div class="current">
<div class="temp">25<span>°c</span></div>
<div class="weather">Rainy</div>
<div class="hi-low">20°c / 23°c</div>
</div>
</main>
</div>
<script src="main.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

MAIN.js

const api = {
key="091ff564240e0e16c46ae680b188ca3e"
base: "https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5"
};
const searchbox = document.querySelector(".search-box");
searchbox.addEventListener("keypress", setQuery);

function setQuery(evt) {
if (evt.keyCode == 13) {
getResults(searchbox.value);
}
}

function getResults(query) {
fetch(`${api.base}weather?q=${query}&units=metric&APPID=${api.key}`)
.then((weather) => {
return weather.json();
})
.then(displayResults);
}
function displayResults(weather) {
let city = document.querySelector(".location .city");
city.innerText = `${weather.name}, ${weather.sys.country}`;

let now = new Date();
let date = document.querySelector(".location .date");
date.innerText = dateBuilder(now);

let temp = document.querySelector(".current .temp");
temp.innerHTML = `${Math.round(weather.main.temp)}<span>°c</span>`;

let weather_el = document.querySelector(".current .weather");
weather_el.innerText = weather.weather[0].main;

let hilow = document.querySelector(".hi-low");
hilow.innerText = `${Math.round(weather.main.temp_min)}°c / ${Math.round(
weather.main.temp_max
)}°c`;
}
function dateBuilder(d) {
let months = [
"January",
"February",
"March",
"April",
"May",
"June",
"July",
"August",
"September",
"October",
"November",
"December",
];
let days = [
"Sunday",
"Monday",
"Tuesday",
"Wednesday",
"Thursday",
"Friday",
"Saturday",
];

let day = days[d.getDay()];
let date = d.getDate();
let month = months[d.getMonth()];
let year = d.getFullYear();

return `${day} ${date} ${month} ${year}`;
}

main.css

* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
font-family: "montserrat", sans-serif;
background-image: url("bg1.gif");
background-size: cover;
background-position: top center;
}

.app-wrap {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
min-height: 100vh;
background-image: linear-gradient(
to bottom,
rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9),
rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1)
);
}
header {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
padding: 50px 15px 15px;
}
header input {
width: 100%;
max-width: 280px;
padding: 10px 15px;
border: none;
outline: none;
background-color: rgba(59, 104, 85, 0.3);
border-radius: 0px 16px 0 16px;
border-bottom: 3px solid rgb(31, 56, 31);
color: #fff;
font-size: 25px;
font-weight: 500;
text-align: center;
transition: 0.2s ease-out;
}

header input:focus {
background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
}
main{
flex: 1 1 100%;
padding: 25px 25px 50px;
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
text-align: center;
}
.location .city {
color: #fff;
font-size: 32px;
font-weight: 500;
margin-bottom: 5px;
}
.location .date{
color: #fff;
font-size: 16px;
}
.current .temp{
color: #fff;
font-size: 102px;
font-weight: 700;
margin: 30px 0;
text-shadow: 2px 5px rgba(0, 0 ,0 , 0.5);
}
.current .temp .span{
font-weight: 500;
}
.current .weather {
color: #fff;
font-size: 32px;
font-weight: 700;
font-style: italic;
margin-bottom: 15px;
text-shadow: 0px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.4);
}
.current .hi-low{
color: #fff;
font-size: 24px;
font-weight: 500;
text-shadow: 0px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.4);
}

THis is a code for weatherapi. i tried to put in my api key and the url. but when i tried to search a location it wont work i dont know what i did wrong. can some one please help me out

Allow the user to enter the number of people in the party. Calculate and display the amount owed by each person if the bill were to be split evenly among the party members.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.mdc.tippcalcula">

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name=".MainActivity">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

-------------------------------

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<GridLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:columnCount="2"
    android:useDefaultMargins="true"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/amountEditText"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:ems="10"
        android:hint=""
        android:digits="0123456789"
        android:inputType="number"
        android:layout_column="0"
        android:layout_columnSpan="2"
        android:maxLength="6"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/amountTextView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_row="0"
        android:layout_column="0"
        android:layout_columnSpan="2"
        android:layout_gravity="fill_horizontal"
        android:background="@color/amount_background"
        android:elevation="@dimen/elevation"
        android:hint="@string/enter_amount"
        android:padding="@dimen/textview_padding"
        />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/percentTextView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical|end"
        android:text="@string/tip_percentage" />

    <SeekBar
        android:id="@+id/percentSeekBar"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="@dimen/seekbar_height"
        android:layout_gravity="fill_horizontal"
        android:max="30"
        android:progress="15"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/TipLabelTextView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="end"
        android:text="@string/tip" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/tipTextView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="fill_horizontal"
        android:background="@color/result_background"
        android:elevation="@dimen/elevation"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:padding="@dimen/textview_padding" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/totalLabelTextView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="end"
        android:text="@string/total" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/totalTextView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="fill_horizontal"
        android:background="@color/result_background"
        android:elevation="@dimen/elevation"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:padding="@dimen/textview_padding"
        />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/numberOfPeopleEditText"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="fill_horizontal"
        android:background="@color/result_background"
        android:elevation="@dimen/elevation"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:padding="@dimen/textview_padding"
        android:ems="10"
        android:hint="Enter Number Of People"
        android:digits="012345678"
        android:inputType="number"
        android:layout_columnSpan="2"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/eachPersonLabelTextView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="end"
        android:text="@string/each" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/eachPersonTextView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="fill_horizontal"
        android:background="@color/result_background"
        android:elevation="@dimen/elevation"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:padding="@dimen/textview_padding"
        />

</GridLayout>

----------

package com.mdc.tippcalcula;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.text.Editable;
import android.text.TextWatcher;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.SeekBar;
import android.widget.SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.text.NumberFormat;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final NumberFormat currencyFormat = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance();
    private static final NumberFormat percentFormat = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance();

    private double billAmount = 0.0;
    private double percent = 0.15;
    private double numPeople = 0;
    private TextView percentTextView;
    private TextView tipTextView;
    private TextView amountTextView;
    private TextView totalTextView;
    private TextView eachPersonTextView;


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        amountTextView = (TextView)  findViewById (R.id.amountTextView);
        percentTextView = (TextView)  findViewById (R.id.percentTextView);
        tipTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tipTextView);
        totalTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.totalTextView);
        eachPersonTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.eachPersonTextView);

        tipTextView.setText(currencyFormat.format(0));
        totalTextView.setText(currencyFormat.format(0));
        eachPersonTextView.setText(currencyFormat.format(0));

        EditText amountEditText = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.amountEditText);
        amountEditText.addTextChangedListener(amountEditTextWatcher);


        SeekBar percentSeekBar = (SeekBar) findViewById(R.id.percentSeekBar);
        percentSeekBar.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(seekBarListener);
    }

    private void calculate(){
        percentTextView.setText(percentFormat.format(percent));

        double tip = billAmount * percent;
        double total = billAmount + tip;


        tipTextView.setText(currencyFormat.format(tip));
        totalTextView.setText((currencyFormat.format(total)));
    }



    private final OnSeekBarChangeListener seekBarListener = new OnSeekBarChangeListener() {
        @Override
        public void onProgressChanged(SeekBar seekBar, int progress, boolean b)
        {
            percent = progress / 100.0;
            calculate();
        }

        @Override
        public void onStartTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {

        }

        @Override
        public void onStopTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {

        }
    };

    private final TextWatcher amountEditTextWatcher = new TextWatcher() {
        @Override
        public void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence charSequence, int i, int i1, int i2)
        {
            try {
                billAmount = Double.parseDouble(charSequence.toString()) / 100.0;
                amountTextView.setText(currencyFormat.format(billAmount));
            }
            catch (NumberFormatException e){
                amountTextView.setText("");
                billAmount = 0.0;
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onTextChanged(CharSequence charSequence, int i, int i1, int i2) { }

        @Override
        public void afterTextChanged(Editable editable) { }
    };
}

------

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <dimen name="textview_padding">12dp</dimen>
    <dimen name="elevation">4dp</dimen>
    <dimen name="seekbar_height">40dp</dimen>
</resources>

---

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <color name="colorPrimary">#6200EE</color>
    <color name="colorPrimaryDark">#3700B3</color>
    <color name="colorAccent">#03DAC5</color>
    <color name="amount_background">#BBDEFB</color>
    <color name="result_background">#ffE0B2</color>
</resources>

----

<resources>
    <string name="app_name">Tip Calculator</string>
    <string name="enter_amount"> Enter Amount</string>
    <string name="tip_percentage">15%</string>
    <string name="tip">Tip</string>
    <string name="total">Total</string>
    <string name="number">No. Of People</string>
    <string name="each">Each Person</string>
</resources>

Case study:

Married with two young children, John and his wife rented a two-bedroom apartment in a safe neighborhood with good schools. John liked his job as a delivery driver for a large foodservice distributor, where he had worked for more than four years. His goal was to become a supervisor in the next year. John’s wife was a stay-at-home mom.

John had always been healthy. Although he had health insurance through his job, he rarely needed to use it. He smoked half a pack of cigarettes each day and drank socially a couple of times a month.

One afternoon, John’s company notified him that it was laying him off along with more than a hundred other employees. Though he was devastated about losing his job, John was grateful that he and his wife had some savings that they could use for rent and other bills, in addition to the unemployment checks he would receive for a few months.

John searched aggressively for jobs in the newspaper and online, but nothing worked out. He began to have feelings of anger and worry that led to panic. His self-esteem fell, and he became depressed. When John’s wife was hired to work part-time at the grocery store, the couple felt better about finances. But demoralized by the loss of his job, John started to drink more often.

Two beers a night steadily increased to a six-pack. John and his wife started to argue more often. Then, about six months after losing his job, John stopped receiving unemployment checks. That week, he went on a drinking binge that ended in an argument with his wife. In the heat of the fight, he shoved her. The next day, John’s wife took the children and moved in with her parents. No longer able to pay the rent, John was evicted from the apartment.

John tried to reconcile with his wife, but she said she’d had enough. Over the next few months, John “couch-surfed” with various family members and friends. At one point, he developed a cold, and when it worsened over a few weeks, he sought care at the emergency department. The hospital staff told him that he would be billed because he didn’t have insurance. John agreed, and a doctor diagnosed him with a sinus infection and prescribed antibiotics. With no money to spare, John could not get the prescription filled.

John continued to live with family and friends, but his heavy drinking and anger only got worse, and his hosts always asked him to leave. He went from place to place. Finally, when John ran out of people to call, he found himself without a place to stay for the night and started sleeping at the park.

One night when John was drunk, he fell and got a cut on his shin. The injury became red and filled with pus. John was embarrassed about his poor hygiene and didn’t want a health care provider to see him. But when he developed a fever and pain, he decided to walk to the nearest emergency department. He saw a provider who diagnosed him with cellulitis, a common but potentially serious bacterial skin infection, and gave him a copy of the patient instructions that read “discharge to home” and a prescription for antibiotics. John could not afford the entire prescription when he went to pick up the antibiotics, but he was able to purchase half the tablets.

Winter arrived, and it was too cold for John to sleep outside, so he began staying at a shelter run by the church. Each morning, he had to leave the shelter by 6 AM. He walked the streets all day and panhandled for money to buy alcohol.

One evening, some teenage boys jumped John in the park, stealing his backpack and kicking him repeatedly. An onlooker called 911, and John was taken to the emergency department. Later that evening, the hospital discharged John. He returned many times to the emergency department for his health care, seeking treatment for frequent colds, skin infections, and injuries. Providers never screen him for homelessness and always discharge him back to “home.”

One day at the park, an outreach team from the local Health Care for the Homeless (HCH), one of about 250 such non-profit organizations in the United States, approached John. The team, including a doctor, nurse, and caseworker, introduced themselves and asked John, “Are you OK?” John didn’t engage. They offered him a sandwich and a warm blanket. John took the food without making eye contact. The team visited John for the next several days. John started making eye contact and telling the team about his shortness of breath and the cut on his arm. The team began seeing John frequently, and he began to trust them.

A couple of weeks later, John agreed to go to the HCH clinic. It was the first time in years that John went to a health clinic. Upon his arrival, the staff at the clinic registered him and signed him up for health insurance through Medicaid and food benefits. John felt comfortable in the clinic, and he saw some of the people who also stayed at the shelter and spent their days in the park. They were happy to see him and told John about how the clinic staff care and would be able to help.

John began going to the HCH clinic on a regular basis. He saw a primary care provider, Maggie, a nurse practitioner. In John’s words, she treated him like a real person. In addition to primary care, the clinic offered behavioral health services. Both scheduled appointments and walk-in care were available. John connected with a therapist and began working on his depression and substance abuse. A year later, John’s health has improved. He rarely needs to go to the emergency room. He is sober and working with a case manager in finding housing.

Discussion Questions:

1. What events in John’s life created a “downward spiral” into homelessness? Which events related to social needs, and which could health care have addressed?
2. What were some of the barriers John faced in accessing health care?
3. Why do you think the emergency department was the first place John thought to go for care? How might the emergency department improve care for patients like John?
4. Why do you think John wouldn’t make eye contact with the HCH team at first? How would you build a trusting relationship with a person like John?
5. What aspects of HCH care do you think represent high-quality care for the homeless? How do you think Maggie made John feel like he was a “real person?”
6. In your own experience, have you encountered a homeless individual? What was that like? Do you recall what you were thinking?

​​Remember some of these questions are Two questions in One. Ensure you answer all completely (detailed) but does not need to be a novel.

1.      According to most estimates, the size of the "underground" economy in the United States could be as large as

a.       The “above-ground” economy

b.      The economy of China

c.       10% of GDP

d.      The state of Rhode Island

2.      The GDP per capita tells us

a.       The amount of output each person would get if the economic pie were sliced evenly.

b.      The amount of output each worker would get if the economic pie were sliced evenly.

c.       The ratio of the maximum amount of output any person gets to the minimum amount of output each person gets.

d.      The median amount of output each person gets, adjusted for inequality.

3.      In the early 1940s, military planners needed to know the size of the economy so they could determine

a.       The size of the tax base in the case of war

b.      How many tanks and planes the economy could produce

c.       The military budget for the next five years

d.      Whether military spending was too large

4.      Government social benefits paid to individuals are

a.       Known as transfer payments, and are counted as part of government consumption and investment

b.      Known as transfer payments, and are typically used to fund personal consumption

c.       Known as output of government, and are counted as pert government consumption and investment

d.      Known as output of government, and are typically used to fund personal consumption

5.      GDP is defined as the dollar value of __________ in a given year.

a.       The total output of the economy

b.      All outputs used in the economy

c.       All intermediate and final goods produced in the economy

d.      The total purchases made in the economy

6.      In GDP calculations, the work of stay-at-home parents is

a.       Counted only for equivalent hours

b.      Not counted

c.       Counted as intermediate inputs

d.      Counted at 50%

7.      Government consumption includes all

a.       Salaries paid to factory workers

b.      Fuel for nuclear submarines

c.       Cola served in a company cafeteria

d.      Pencils bought by a private university

8.      Imports enter the calculation of GDP

a.       With a positive sign

b.      With a negative sign

c.       As an addition to changes in private inventories

d.      Through the personal consumption category

9.      Which of the following is NOT an element of the underground economy?

a.       Off the books babysitting

b.      Illegal drug deals

c.       Commissioned salespeople

d.      Cash only under the table businesses

10. If gross domestic purchases are ________, then net exports are ________.

a.       Greater than gross domestic product; greater than net imports

b.      Equal to zero; also equal to zero

c.       Greater than gross domestic product; positive

d.      Less than gross domestic product; positive

11. Gross domestic product does NOT include

a.       Personal consumption

b.      Intermediate inputs

c.       Residential investment

d.      Net exports

12. If a foreign car manufacturer builds a plant in the United States, the new plant will

a.       Increase U.S. GDP by the amount produced

b.      Have no effect on GDP because it is a foreign company

c.       Decrease U.S. GDP by the amount produced because of foreign ownership

d.      Increase U.S. GDP by the net exports of the company

Given that IKEA had to change its strategy for American market, did the company had to change itsinternationalization strategy for its entry into the Indian market?

The furniture industry is an example of an industry that did not lend itself to globalization before the 1960s. The reasons for that are its features. Furniture has a huge volume compared to its value, relatively high transport costs and is easily damaged in shipping. Government trade barriers also were unfavorable. But IKEA – company established in the 1940s in a small village in Sweden, has become one of the world’s leading retailers of home furnishings. In 2002 it was ranked 44th out of the top 100 brands by Interbrand, topping other known brands such as Pepsi. In 2002, it had more than 160 stores in 30 countries. How did IKEA achieve it? The IKEA business idea is: ‘We shall offer a wide range of well-designed, functional home furnishing products at prices so low that as many people as possible will be able to afford them.’ By the early 1960s the Swedish market was saturated and IKEA decided to expand its business formula outside Sweden. They noted: ‘Sweden is a very small country. It’s pretty logical: in a country like this, if you have a very strong and successful business, you’re bound to go international at some point. The reason is simple—you cannot grow any more’ (Retrieved from http://www.ikea.com). IKEA’s internationalization strategy in Scandinavian countries and the rest of Europe has not paid significant attention to local tastes and preferences in the different European countries. Only necessary changes were allowed, to keep costs under control and IKEA’s low responsiveness to local needs strategy seems to work well in Europe (Kling K., Gofeman I. 2003).

The first challenge came in 1985 when IKEA entered the US market and faced several problems there. The root of most of these problems was the company’s lack of attention to local needs and wants. US customers preferred large furniture kits and household items. As a result of initial poor performance in the US market, IKEA’s management realized that a standardized product strategy should be flexible enough to respond to local markets. In the early 1990s IKEA redesigned its strategy and adapted its products to the US market. Thanks to it IKEA’s sales in the US increased significant and by 2002 the US market accounted for 19% of IKEA’s revenue. As the case study illustrates, in several industries firms with effective strategy do not have to change their core strategy significantly when they move beyond their home market. IKEA does not significantly change its corporate strategy and operations to adapt to local markets unless there is a compelling reason for doing so. IKEA’s strategy in the US during the 1980s demonstrates that even the most successful formula in the home market can fail if multinational companies do not respond effectively to local business realities.

Question: Given that IKEA had to change its strategy for American market, did the company had to change its internationalization strategy for its entry into the Indian market?

1) True or False? In a simple regression with the sample size being 20, we find the sum of squared residuals to be 1800, then the mean square error of the regression equals 10.

2) True or False? A local trucking company fitted a regression to relate the travel time (days) of its shipments as a function of the distance traveled (miles). The fitted regression is Time = −7.126 + 0.0214 Distance, based on a sample of 20 shipments. The estimated standard error of the slope is 0.0053. In a right-tailed test for a nonpositive slope at ? ൌ 0.01, we fail to reject the null hypothesis that the slope is no more than zero.

3) True or False? Smaller mean square errors lead to wider prediction intervals for Y.

4)True or False? If there is non-normality of errors, the OLS estimators of the slope and intercept will be biased and inconsistent.

5) True or False? In a runs test with 80 residuals, we find there are 60 zero centerline crossings. It suggests there is negative autocorrelation for the errors

6) True or False? In a simple regression with 25 observations, a leverage statistic of 0.1 would indicate the corresponding observation has high leverage.

7) True or False? A studentized residual equal to -2.5 indicates the original residual is unusual.