41. Ford Company Retained Earnings increased $20,000 during the year and the Company paid dividends of $4,000. What was the net income (loss) for the year?

43. Missouri Magazine Publishing Company sells magazine subscriptions on an annual basis covering 12 issues. Subscriptions totaling $24,000 were sold in November, and the first magazines are delivered in December. The total amount collected was recorded in Unearned Magazine Revenues. The adjusting entry required at December 31 would include:

49. Pal Company made an advance payment of $3,500 for seven months' rent on November 1, 2004 and debited an asset account. The December 31 adjusting entry for rent expense should be:

52. Office equipment was purchased on December 1, 2004, for $3,000 and has an estimated useful life of five years and no residual value. The adjusting entry required at the end of December, 2004 includes a:

Problem 1 (Ransom Note Problem) in python

A kidnapper kidnaps you and writes a ransom note. He does not write it by hand to avoid having his hand writing being recognized, so he uses a magazine to create a ransom note. We need to find out, given the ransom string and magazine string, is it possible to create a given ransom note. The kidnapper can use individual characters of words.

Here is how your program should work to simulate the ransom problem:

• your program should prompt the user to enter a long String to represent the magazine and another short String to represent the required ransom note.
• your program needs to check if the magazine string contains all required characters in equal or greater number present in the ransom note.
• your program should print true if it is possible to create the given ransom note from the given magazine, and print false otherwise.
• Break up your code into a set of well-defined functions. Each function should include a comment block that briefly describes it, its parameters and any return values. 


Example: If the magazine string is “programming problems are weird”

If the ransom note is: “no see” your program should print true as all the characters in “no see” exist in the magazine string.

If the ransom note is “no show” your program should print false as not all the characters in “no show” exist in the magazine string as you can see the character ‘h’ does not exist.

In the South, activists have called for the removal of Confederate monuments and statues which pay honor and respect to the Confederacy. (The Confederates voted to leave the United States and fought with the North to create their own country. This war was known as the United States Civil War 1861-1865.)

The State of Mississippi approved a plan to remove the Confederate symbol from its flag. Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the South, authorized the removal of a statue for General Stonewall Jackson.

The Washington Redskins and the Cleveland Indians have agreed to examine their team names, with an eye towards changing their names. American Indians fought to change these names for years and they believe these names to be derogatory.

Should we remove statues and monuments, if they do not reflect our current values? Why has this movement succeeded when there have been calls for over 60 years to remove controversial monuments and statues? Are activists wrong for the calling of any removal of statues? Please help me, I will like and give good feedback

The McGee Cake Company I n early 2010, Doc and Lyn McGee formed the McGee Cake Company. The company produced a full line of cakes, and its specialties included chess cake,* lemon pound cake, and double-iced, double-chocolate cake. The couple formed the company as an outside interest, and both continued to work at their current jobs. Doc did all the baking, and Lyn handled the marketing and distribution. With good product quality and a sound marketing plan, the company grew rapidly. In early 2014, the company was featured in a widely distributed entrepreneurial magazine. Later that year, the company was featured in Gourmet Desserts, a leading specialty food magazine. After the article appeared in Gourmet Desserts, sales exploded, and the company began receiving orders from all over the world. Because of the increased sales, Doc left his other job, followed shortly by Lyn. The company hired additional workers to meet demand. Unfortunately, the fast growth experienced by the company led to cash flow and capacity problems. The company is currently producing as many cakes as possible with the assets it owns, but demand for its cakes is still growing. Further, the company has been approached by a national supermarket chain with a proposal to put four of its cakes in all of the chain's stores, and a national restaurant chain has contacted the company about selling McGee cakes in its restaurants. The restaurant would sell the cakes without a brand name. Doc and Lyn have operated the company as a sole proprietorship. They have approached you to help manage and direct the company's growth. Specifically, they have asked you to answer the following questions: QUESTIONS What are the advantages and disadvantages of changing the company organization from a sole proprietorship to an LLC? What are the advantages and disadvantages of changing the company organization from a sole proprietorship to a corporation? Ultimately, what action would you recommend the company undertake? Why?

MINI CASE

TTHE OZZIE CAKE COMPANY

IN EARLY 2012, Harry and Anne Ozzie formed the ozzie cake company. the company produced a range of cakes, and its specialities included pavlova, lamingtons and sponge cake. the couple formed the company as an outside interest, and both continued work at their current jobs. Harry did all the cake baking and Anne did all the distribution. with good product quality and a sound marketing plan the company grew rapidly. In early 2015 the company was featured in an entrepreneurial magazine. Later that year, the company was featured in Gourmet cake, a leading speciality food magazine. After the article appeared in Gourmet cake, sales exploded and the company began receiving orders from all around Australia.

Because of the increased sales, Harry left his other job, followed shorlty by Anne. The company hired additioanl employees to meet demand. Unfortunately, the fast sales experienced by the company led to cash flow and capacity problems. The company is currenlty producing as many cakes as possible with the assets it owns, but demand for its cakes is still growing. further, the company has been approached by a national supermarket chain with a proposal to put two of their cakes in all their stores, and a national fast food chain has contacted the company about selling the pavalova in their outlets. the fast food company would sell the pavaloa under its own name rather than the ozzie brand name.

Harry and Anne have been operating the company as a sole trader. they have approached you to help manage and direct the company's growth. Specifically they have asked you to answer the following questions.

questions

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of changing the company organisation from a sole trader to a limited company?

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of changing the company from a sole trader to a partnership?

3. Ultimately what would you recommend the company do : change structure to incorporate or not, and why?

In early 2003, Doc and Lyn McGee formed the McGee Cake Company. The company produced a full line of cakes, and its specialties included chess cake, lemon pound cake, and double-iced, double-chocolate cake. The couple formed the company as an outside interest, and both continued to work at their current jobs. Doc did all the baking, and handled the marketing and distribution. With good product quality and a sound marketing plan, the company grew rapidly. In early 2008, the company was featured in a widely distributed entrepreneurial magazine. Later that year, the company was featured in Gourmet Desserts, a leading specialty food magazine. After the article appeared in Gourmet Desserts, sales exploded, and the company began receiving from all over the world.
Because of the increased sales, Doc left his other job, followed shortly by Lyn. The company hired additional workers to meet demand. Unfortunately, the fast growth experienced by the company led to cash flow and capacity problems. The company is currently producing as many cakes as possible with the assets owns, but demand for its cakes is still growing. Further the company has been approached by a national supermarket chain with a proposal to put four of its cakes in all of the chain’s stores, and a national restaurant chain has contacted the company about selling McGee cakes in its restaurants. The restaurant would sell the cakes without a brand name.
Doc and Lyn have operated the company as a sole proprietorship. They have approached you to help manage and direct the company’s growth. Specifically, they have asked you to answer the following questions.
Questions:
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of changing the company organization from a sole proprietorship to an LLC?

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of changing the company organization from a sole proprietorship to a corporation? 3. Ultimately, what action would you recommend the company undertake? Why?

3. Ultimately, what action would you recommend the company undertake? Why?

The deliverable for this assignment is a written report. You must address the following questions in your analysis. Question 1: What prompted the pricing change in the case of Netflix and the debit card fee in the case of BoA? What explanation did the companies offer their customers? Do additional research as required to answer these questions. Question 2: What explains customers’ reactions to the pricing plan change announced by Netflix and the fee proposal announced by BoA? Include in your discussion what role elasticity may have played. Identify the determinant of elasticity most applicable to the explanation you have provided. Question 3: How do you explain why Netflix and Bank of America reacted differently to essentially similar customer responses? Include in your discussion what role a consideration of elasticity may have played in the company decisions. Do additional reading and research as required. Identify the determinant of elasticity most applicable to the explanation you have provided. Question 4: How long did it take for Netflix to recover lost ground in terms of its subscriber base? Which determinant of elasticity is most applicable to your answer for this question? What did Netflix do to bring about this turnaround? This "compare & contrast" case study is based on two real-world examples of pricing strategy dating back to 2011. The expectation is that you will apply your understanding of elasticity of demand to explain the contrasting final decisions. A reading list is provided for your reference. 1. The Case of Netflix Netflix, the popular online movie rental company, was founded in 1997 by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph. In 1998, the Netflix.com website was launched; it was the first online DVD rental and sales site. The dominant brick-and-mortar DVD rental company at the time was Blockbuster. In 1999, Netflix debuted its subscription service, allowing subscribers to rent DVDs for monthly subscription fees. Netflix went public on May 23, 2002, listing on NASDAQ with an initial offer price of $15 per share and raising $77.2 million. Between October 2002 and January 2004, the stock price had appreciated by more than 1,500%. The company did a 2-for-1 stock split in February 2004 when the price reached $80 (Caplinger, 2016). At the time of its IPO in 2002, Netflix had about 600,000 subscribers. In 2007, it introduced online streaming, allowing subscribers to instantly watch TV shows and movies on their laptops or computers. Between 2007 and 2011, the number of subscribers in the U.S. grew from 7.48 million to 23.53 million (Dunn, 2017). On July 11, 2011, the stock closed at $41.53 (price adjusted for dividends). The Misstep: On July 12, 2011, Netflix split up its existing one DVD at a time + unlimited streaming plan for $9.99 into 3 separate plans: (1) DVD only starting at $7.99, (2) streaming only for $7.99, and (3) DVD + streaming for $15.98 (Gilbert, 2012). The rate hike caused a loss of subscriber base from 24.8 million subscribers in end-June to 23.8 million subscribers in end-September (Pepitone, 2011). By July 29, the stock price had dropped to $37.99, a drop of 8.5% from July 11. By November 25, it had tumbled to $9.12, a plunge of almost 78% since the day of the announcement (closing prices from NASDAQ). The Final Decision: Despite subscribers and investors voting with their feet, the company defended its decision – albeit apologetically - and implemented the new pricing plans. 2. The Case of Bank of America (BoA) Bank of America was established in 1904 as Bank of America National Trust and Savings Association. The Bank of America (BoA) entity was formed in 1998 as a merger between the erstwhile BankAmerica Corporation and NationsBank. From checking and savings accounts to debit cards, credit cards, loans, and asset management, BoA provides a range of services for both households and businesses. In the words of CEO Brian Moynihan, "Bank of America has been helping connect people to what is most important to them for more than 200 years." (Bank of America website). In 2010, the bank had $916.11 billion in deposits. At 12% of market share, this ranked BoA number one in terms of deposits. It was followed closely by JP Morgan Chase and Wells Fargo, each of which had about 10% market share (Comoreanu, 2017). BoA stock is listed on the NYSE. On April 1, 1998, the stock closed at $38 (price adjusted for dividends). On September 1, 2008, the stock closed at $35. The bank suffered losses during the financial crisis; monthly stock price data reveal a low of $3.95 on February 1, 2009. After recovering to $17.83 by March 1, 2010, the stock price started declining again. The downtrend continued in 2011, with a drop of almost 19 per cent between March 1 and June 1 (from $13.93 to $11.24), and another 29 per cent to $7.91 by September 1, 2011. The Misstep: On September 29, 2011, Bank of America announced that, beginning in early 2012, it would start charging its customers $5 a month for using their debit cards (Rauch, 2011). The announcement was met with angry outrage by customers on social media. Reflecting the negative sentiment, stock price declined 7 per cent in the week following the announcement, from $6.35 on September 29 to $5.90 on October 6. It had recovered about 8 per cent to $6.83 on October 31, 2011; it may be noted that this price was still almost 14 per cent lower compared to the price on September 1. The Final Decision: Following the tremendous backlash from its card holders, BoA abandoned its plans. On November 1, 2011, it announced that it would not implement the debit card usage fee (Bernard, 2011).

1. Identify the errors in the Questionnaire and suggest the revised questions
2. Mention for each question the scale of measurement (Nominal, ordinal, interval, Ratio)

BUSINESS WORLD

"Business World", a fortnightly magazine, is published from Bombay. It is brought out by management of Anand Bazaar Patrika Limited, Calcutta. In accordance with the decision taken in the annual editorial workshop of Business World held in early May 1986, a questionnaire was printed in some issues of Business World to know what readers thought of this magazine. By undel1aking a survey of this type, the management hoped to ascertain the strengths and weaknesses of the magazine. This would enable it "to tailor Business World to readers' requirements".

Questionnaire

Name:        _________________________________________________________________________________________

Profession:______________________________________________ Designation:______________________

Age;.................................. City:..................................................................... ,........................ ..........

Income:_____________

1. Which of these business magazines do you read? (please tick)

2. My areas of interest are (Please tick. one or more)

3. Rank the following magazines on a I to 5 scale (5 for very good, I for poor) for the following a!tributes:

4. How much time do you spend in reading an issue of Business World?

--------------Hours

5. How much of Business World do you read? (Please tick one)

(I) The entire magazine

(2) More than half the magazine

(3) More than a quarter of the magazine

(4) Less than a quarter of the magazine

6. Which of these features in Business World do you usually find interesting and read? (Please tick one or more)

7. Which of these specialist pages in Business World do you read and find interesting? (Please look at the shoulder heads inside the magazine pages if you are not sure.)

8. In order to suit my requirements better, Business World should have

Fewer main features stores                                                        (               )

The same number of main feature stories                              (               )

At least one more main feature story                                      (               )

9. The lead features (cover and spotlight) should be

Shorter                                                                                           (               )

Same length                                                                                  (               )

Longer                                                                                           (               )

10. Business World's coverage of the following items (Please tick one column for each entry):

11. Do you buy your copy of Business World from the News-stands or are you a subscriber?

a) News-stands        b)Subscriber

I f (a), do you find it difficult to get a copy of Business World on the news-stands')

Yes ____                                                              No _______        

12. How soon after the magazine is published each fortnight do you receive your copy of Business World?

1 ~ 3 days                                                                                        3 - 6 days

6 - 12 days                                                                                        Longer than 12 days

13. Do you have any other suggestions to improve Business World

1.

During the Industrial Revolution, a series of accidents in Pennsylvania and Virginia coal mines, related to long hours, poor safety policies and low pay, caused workers to form one of America's first successful workers unions. Over a series of months, striking workers did not mine coal and mine-owners refused to negotiate. The stakes for Americans, who relied on coal for heat and as fuel for transportation grew as the strike went on. What was the eventual result of this event?

a. As coal became increasingly scarce, mine owners simply sold the mines to speculators and retired to Switzerland.

b. As coal became increasingly scarce in the United States, President Theodore Roosevelt became the first president in US history to force mine-owners to negotiate with the workers union, thereby securing more rights for the workers.

c. Nothing changed at the mines as owners refused to negotiate, until Charlie Chaplain gained the sympathy of the American voters through a series of progressive films.

d. Nothing at all changed. The descendants of the workers are still at the mines protesting for better working conditions and pay.

2.

The Spanish-American War, while initially helping Cuba to become independent from Spain, was really an opportunity for the United States to:

a. gain Cuba as a trading partner for American-grown corn.

b. destroy the Spanish cattle industry, thereby allowing the American cattle industry, which was centered in Chicago, to rise to world prominence.

c. take the Spanish territories of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to use as refuling stations for American merchant ships heading to and from Asia.

d. convince Alaska to join the United States as a territory or "suffer the consequences."

3.

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: Some of the reasons the United States finally entered WWI included:

a.The loss of Americans from the sinking of the Lusitania off the Irish coast, due to a German U-boat attack.

b.If the Allied Powers lost the war, America would lose a great deal of money invested in British and French forces.

c.If the Allies lost the war, America would no longer be able to purchase cotton from the French colonies in North Africa, which would destroy the American textile industry.

d. The German offer of an alliance to Mexico, which required Mexico to attack the United States. This was intended by Germany to keep the United States out of the war.

4.

The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire was one of the most publicized industrial tragedies of the 20th century, in which 146 workers were killed in a fire. Why did so many die in this incident?

a.The elevators did not have power going to them, due to a short in their electrical components that led to the fire in the first place.

b. Fire hoses on fire-trucks of the period could only reach 5 floors high, and this fire was mainly on the 8th floor.

c.The escape stairways were blocked by unrepaired railings.

d.The doors of the factory were locked to prevent workers from taking breaks or stealing scraps of cloth.

A stock that does not pay dividend is trading at $100. The stock price will increase by 10% or decrease by 10% in one year. After that, the stock price will increase or decrease by 20% in the second year. The risk-free interest rate is 5% per annum with continuous compounding. Value a two-year American put option with strike price of $102. Note that risk-neutral probabilities or replicating portfolios may differ across two periods. You must also check for early exercise.