1. Determining Inheritance using Punnett Squares

A Punnett is a means to determine the genetic inheritance of offspring if the genotypes of both parents are known. Using Punnett squares answer the questions about the following scenarios. In order to properly answer some of the questions more than 1 Punnett square might be needed. With every Punnett square provide a key for your alleles.

1. Neurofibromatosis (NF), sometimes called von Recklinghausen disease, is one of the most common genetic disorders. It affects roughly 1 in 3,000 people. It is seen equally in every racial and ethnic group throughout the world. At birth or later, the affected individual may have six or more large tan spots on the skin. Such spots may increase in size and number and become darker. Small benign tumors called neurofibromas may occur under the skin or in the muscles. They are made up of nerve cells and other cell types. NF is a dominant disorder. Jane has NF and wants to figure out what the chances are that her children will inherit the disorder if her husband, John, does not have NF.

2. The condition of sickle cell anemia is recessive and only the homozygous recessive individuals are adversely affected. Interestingly, heterozygous individuals have increased resistance to Malaria which is caused by a Plasmodium parasite that infects red blood cells. A heterozygous individual has red blood cells that are minimally affected but are altered enough so that Plasmodium cannot infect the cells. This is one reason why this allele persists in the population – in the heterozygous state it gives the individual an advantage for survival in some environments.

Veronica, who has the sickle cell condition, and Mason who does not have the condition have a child. They are worried about the having a child with sickle cell anemia and malaria because they are moving to a part of Africa where the Plasmodium is common. Who in this family should be worried about sickle cell anemia and contracting malaria?

3. All newborn babies are tested to see if they have a defective enzyme which cannot break down the amino acid phenylalanine. If phenylalanine accumulates in the blood then high levels can cause mental retardation. The condition is called phenylketonuria or PKU. PKU is a recessive allele and only homozygous recessive individuals are affected. A family living in a country where PKU testing is not done wanted to know if they should have their baby in the US. The pregnant mother has a parent who has the PKU condition and the father also has one parent with the condition. Neither the pregnant mother nor the father has the condition. Draw a punnett square demonstrating the likelihood that this new baby will inherit PKU and discuss why or why not the parents should have the baby in the US. (K = dominant, non-disease allele; k = recessive, disease allele)
4. Huntington’s disorder is caused by a dominant allele. Heterozygous individuals with one copy of this allele suffer from progressive degeneration of the nervous system and premature death. The phenotype or symptoms do not appear until the affected individual reaches ~40 years of age. This is after child-bearing age, so people have children before they know they are carrying the affected gene allele.

Jermaine is very worried about passing the dominant Huntington’s gene allele to his children. If Jermaine’s father has the Huntington’s Disorder, his mother does not, and his wife has no history of Huntington’s, does Jermaine need to be tested for Huntington’s before he has children? Note: homozygous dominant is lethal and a fetus will not survive. Draw a punnett square representing the Jermaine’s father and mother, to determine his chances of carrying the Huntington’s disease allele. (H = dominant, disease allele; h = recessive, non-disease allele)

What is the probability that Jermaine has the Huntington’s disease allele? Should he be tested?

If Jermaine is positive for the Huntington’s allele, what are the chances he will pass it on to his children? Do a second punnett square to illustrate this cross.

John, 38, makes $125,000 per year. He has a 35 year old wife, Nancy, and a daughter who just turned 7. John’s share of the family’s consumption is 21%, and he pays an average tax rate of 28%. He plans to work another 30 years and expects salary increases equal to inflation, which he expects to be 3% annually. He expects to earn an 8% nominal rate of return on his investments.

1. Use the Human Life Value (HLV) method to calculate John’s appropriate amount of life insurance coverage.

Please show up calculate in Excel, Thank you!

Silicone implant augmentation rhinoplasty is used to correct congenital nose
deformities. The success of the procedure depends on various biomechanical
properties of the human nasal periosteum and fascia. The article "Biomechnics in
Augmentation Rhinoplasty" reported that for a sample of 15 (newly deceased)
adults, the mean failure strain (%) was 25.0, and the standard deviation was 3.5.
(p. 277 #35)
a. Assuming a normal distribution for failure strain, estimate true average strain in
a way that converys information about precision and reliability.
b. Predict the strain for a single adult in a way that conveys information about
precision and reliability. How does the prediction compare to the estimate
calculated in part (a)?

Literature & Culture: Alien Invasions in Fiction & Film

The queer, as defined in queer theory by philosophers like Eve Sedgwick and Judith Butler, is that which rejects normative behavior and challenges social structure. The queer disrupts fundamental social categories, blurs lines, and crosses boundaries. Homoeroticism is queer because it challenges heteronormativity and family structure. The queer disrupts the social economy because it is non-productive and non-reproductive; it embraces pleasure rather than work.

In what ways is the xenomorph (extraterrestrial alien) in the film Alien represented as queer? In what ways does the alien challenge human biological and behavioral norms? How is alien reproduction monstrous?

The most valuable single technique in determining how much life insurance is needed is:

a Computing the Human Life Value. b Using the probability of death each year, prevailing interest rates, and assumed inflation rates to find the discounted present value of a future income stream. c Assessing the family's total economic needs and subtracting financial resources available to meet those needs. d Estimating the sum of money which, when paid in installments, will produce the same income as the person would have earned, after deducting assumed amounts for taxes and personal maintenance expenses. e Using a multiple of earnings adjusted for occupation.

Fill in the Blanks

a) Polysaccarides______. A) are glycans. B)have a fixed length. C) are never branched. D) must be homopolysaccharides.

b) Glycoproteins _______. A)are always intracellular.   B) are a small fraction of the total number of proteins in a human cell.   C)contain unbranched oligosaccharides.  D)have oligosaccharides covalently attached to aspartate residues.

c) Oligosaccharides are _______. A)never attached to hormones. B) never found in mucins. C)classified as N- or O-linked when found in gangliosides. D) found in bacterial lipopolysaccharides.

d) Lectins are found _______. A) only in eukaryotes. B) on the surface of hepatocytes. C)only in blood. D) only on the surface of cells.

Radioactivity in drinking alcohol is there because of

	a.	potassium-40 in the ground
	b.	uranium in the ground
	c.	cosmic rays making C-14
	d.	nuclear reactor leakage

Which kind of material is most difficult to obtain

	a.	U-238
	b.	Plutonium-239
	c.	U-235
	d.	Deuterium

After three half lives, the amount of radioactivity remaining is:

	a.	3/4
	b.	1/2
	c.	1/3
	d.	1/8

Which is used for dating human bones?

	a.	Plutonium (Pu-239)
	b.	Pottasium-40 (K-40)
	c.	Radiocarbon (C-14)
		Deuterium (H-2)

Pork must be adequately cooked to eliminate disease-causing parasites and bacteria that may be present. Humans may contract trichinosis (caused by the parasite, Trichinella spiralis) by eating undercooked pork, even though progress has been made in reducing trichinosis in grain-fed hogs. Human cases have greatly declined since 1950. You will want to cook pork to an internal temperature of 145 °F as measured with a food thermometer and allow meat to rest for at least three minutes before serving.

Explain this and do you have any special ways of cooking that help you avoid cross contamination of foods or food surfaces ?