For questions 2-7: state the appropriate hypotheses; conduct a hypothesis test using α = 0.05 utilizing the classical approach, confidence interval approach, or p-value approach; state the decision regarding the hypotheses; and make a conclusion.

3. (15 pts) In a study of schizophrenia, researchers measured the activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the blood platelets of 18 patients. The results (expressed as nmol benzylaldehyde product per 108 platelets) were as follows:

6.8 8.4 8.7 11.9 14.2 18.8

9.9 4.1 9.7 12.7 5.2 7.8 7.8

7.4 7.3 10.6 14.5 10.7

The researchers believe that the average MAO level should be 7.5 amongst the general population, which is assumed to follow a normal distribution. Elevated MAO levels are considered abnormal.

7. (15 pts) The manager of a fast-food restaurant claims that the average service time is less than 90 seconds. A random sample of customers is selected and their wait times are reported as follows:

56 78 66 78 99 114 106 92 45 102

119 84 88 118 99 61 55 79 108 46

75 102 70 74 72 113 83 78 105 81

To this Question "There are different economic systems used around the world, with varying results. Which system do you think is best and why?

What role does human nature play in determining how these systems may succeed?" (Dont answer quoted question) was answered by 2 people, Reply to each of their repsonses.

1. "Economic systems are an organized way in which a state or a nation allocates, produces and distributes its resources and apportions goods and services within a society. The different types of economic systems around the world are traditional, command, market, and mixed. I personally think that the best system is the mixed system because, in a mixed economic system, the wealth is not distributed equally like it is in socialism. This gives an incentive for people to work at their best and this increases the efficiency of the workplace. Even in a free economy, since people have more freedom, they also have more utility. In capitalism, it has a hierarchy and the business and economy are generally dominated by the upper class, people with money with less government intervention. In some cases, it could be good for the market to have some government intervention to get the optimal outcome but it also reduces the inequality if the government distributes some goods for the poorer individuals. Human nature plays a very important role in this case. Individual and coordinated trust for the system is required in order for the system to succeed. If people were to agree to their role in an economic system, and they were to play their role as it was expected for the system to succeed. Then the system would succeed and in some instances of corruption, a revolution could occur which may often hurt an economic system. "

2. "I feel that the best economic system is the modified capitalist system that the United States uses. By incorporating the best elements of both free-market capitalism while still intervening or regulating business at times helps to avoid many economic issues that pure capitalism allows to fester. For example, pure capitalism requires laissez-faire. In laissez-faire capitalism, the government does not interfere with business at all. A lot of unethical and economically destructive behaviors on behalf of businesses go unchecked such as what happened in 2011 with the banking crisis. The result was a recession in the economy. True laissez-faire capitalism would have simply allowed the banks to fail, however, the economic devastation would have been disastrous. When the US government intervened in a socialist manner by buying positions in US businesses, it rescued the economy from the harms that are caused by pure capitalism. A modified capitalist system is governed by the laws of supply and demand. Supply and demand is a perfect example of human nature at work in the economy. Consumers naturally tend to buy more when the prices are low whereas business are understandably looking for consumers to pay more. The struggle between the interests of consumers and the interests of businesses forces the market to equalize at an equilibrium price. On page 11, Ferrell defines equilibrium price as “the price at which the number of products a business is willing to supply equals the number of products that consumers are willing to buy at a specific point in time”. Therefore, human nature determines the goods and services being produced and at what prices. As a result, many industries spend a lot of resources studying consumer behavior in order to best market their goods and services. The American free-market modified capitalist system is the best economic system because it allows businesses to thrive and consumers to set market demand while still avoiding the pitfalls of pure capitalism. "

Getting an error:

ERROR: is/2: Arguments are not sufficiently instantiated

/*
*Go predicate
* Call as follows:
* ?- go(state(3,3,w),state(0,0,e)).
*/

go(Start,Goal) :-
   empty_stack(Empty_visited_stack),
   stack(Start,Empty_visited_stack,Visited_stack),
   path(Start,Goal,Visited_stack).

/*
* path predicates
*/

path(Goal,Goal,Visited_stack) :-
   write('Solution path is:' ), nl,
   write(Visited_stack).

path(State,Goal,Visited_stack) :-
   move(State,Next_state),
   not(member_stack(Next_state,Visited_stack)),
   stack(Next_state,Visited_stack,New_visited_stack),
   path(Next_state,Goal,New_visited_stack).

safe(M1,C1) :-
   (M1 =< C1; C1 = 0),
    M2 is 3-M1, C2 is 3-C1,
    (M2 =< C2; C2 = 0).

/*
* move predicates
*/

%move one monster from west to east
move(state(M1, H1, w), state(M2, H1,e)) :-
   M1 > 0,
   M2 is M1-1,
   safe(M2, H1).

%move two monster from west to east
move(state(M1, H1, w), state(M2,H1,e)) :-
   M1 > 1,
   M2 is M1-2,
   safe(M2, H1).

%move one human and one monster from west to east
move(state(M1,H1,w),state(M2, H2,e)) :-
   M1 > 0,
   H1 > 0,
   M2 is M1-1,
   H2 is H1-1,
   safe(M2, H2).

%move one human from west to east
move(state(M1,H1,w), state(M1,H2,e)) :-
   H1 > 0,
   H2 is H2-1,
   safe(M1,H2).

%move two humans from west to east
move(state(M1, H1, w), state(M1, H2, e)) :-
   H1 > 1,
   H2 is H1-2,
   safe(M1,H2).

%move one monster from east to west
move(state(M1, H1, e), state(M2, H1,w)) :-
   M1 < 3,
   M2 is M1 + 1,
   safe(M2, H1).

%move two monsters from east to west
move(state(M1, H1, e), state(M2,H1,w)) :-
   M1 < 2,
   M2 is M1 + 2,
   safe(M2,H1).

%move one monster and one human from east to west
move(state(M1, H1, e),state(M2, H2, w)) :-
   M1 < 3,
   H1 < 3,
   M2 is M1 +1,
   H2 is H1 +1,
   safe(M2, H2).

%move one human from east to west
move(state(M1, H1, e), state(M1,H2,w)) :-
   H1 < 3,
   H2 is H1+1,
   safe(M1,H2).

%move two humans from east to west
move(state(M1,H1,e), state(M1, H2,w)):-
   H1 < 2,
   H2 is H2 + 2,
   safe(M1,H2).

/*
* stack abstract data type
*/

member(X,[X|_]).
member(X,[_|T]) :- member(X,T).

empty_stack([]).
member_stack(E, S) :- member(E, S).
stack(E, S, [E|S]).

/*
* definition of writelist
*/

writelist([]) :- nl.
writelist([H|T]):-
   write(H),
   tab(1), /* "tab(n)" skips n spaces. */
   writelist(T).

It's the missionaries and cannibals problem in prolog, M for Missionary, H for Cannibals
Any help is highly appreciated!

Carbohydrates are the main sources of fuel for the body. They’re broken down into glucose, which
is “burned” as fuel for the body.
i. What is expected to occur when the body’s supply of glucose runs out?
ii. Would insulin or glucagon be of any importance in this regard? Explain your answer.
iii. As a nurse on duty, a patient is brought to the emergency ward with symptoms of weakness,
dizziness, headache and slight disorientation. The patient has a history of diabetes. Give a
step by step description of what you will do to take care of this patient. What would you
say was the problem with this patient? Is there any remedy to salvage the patient’s
situation?
iv. What are some of the physical presentations of long-term complications of diabetes?
(Mention and explain any two)
v. A postpartum woman has just been told that her new born is G6PD positive. What advice
would you give as her nurse on how to take care of this child?

2. (a) If a person is deficient in Vitamin B6, what is the consequence? How does this deficiency affect
amino acid metabolism?
(b) Briefly describe and explain what happens when there is a defect in phenylalanine metabolism.
(c) A patient presents with symptoms of blurred vision, tremors, and has difficulty speaking. Lab
tests reveal increased levels of ammonia and upon further questioning, you find out that he is an
alcoholic. What is wrong with this patient, and how will you as a nurse manage him?

Blue Diaper Syndrome:

Gloria adores her nephews Will and Charlie, who have an unusual inherited condition. Because of abnormal transport of the amino acid tryptophan across the small intestinal lining, bacteria act on urine precursors to produce a compound that turns indigo blue upon contact with the air. Will's wet diapers turn blue! By the time the couple had Charlie, they were accustomed to the blue urine.

The family doctor assured Gloria and her nephews' parents, Gloria's sister Edith and her husband Archie, that other relatives needn't worry about recurrence. She explained that it is autosomal recessive and affected Will and Charlie because Edith and Archie are carriers. The condition hadn't appeared in previous generations, and likely wouldn't again, unless Edith and Archie had more children, each of whom faced a 25 percent chance of inheriting the trait. So Gloria and her husband Michael are quite surprised when their fraternal twins Marshall and Joey each produced blue diapers!

Part 1: What error did the physician make?

Part 2: Draw a pedigree for this extended family, indicating their unusual disorder.

Part 3: Gloria and Edith wonder if their grandsons will inherit blue diaper syndrome. Will they? Why or why not?

Part 4: The blue diaper phenotype is likely to be darker after the baby eats food containing a lot of______.

21. Which of the following statements are true in order to decrease glomerular hydraulic pressure?

1. the afferent arteriole will constrict.

2. the afferent arteriole will constrict.

3. the afferent arteriole has no effect on glomerular filtration pressure

4. the afferent arteriole will dilate.

22. An example of reabsorption in the nephron is

1. movement of Na+ from the proximal convoluted tubule into the peritubular capillaries

2. movement of histamine from the peritubular capillaries into the proximal convoluted tubule

3. movement of histamine from the peritubular capillaries into the proximal convoluted tubule

4. movement of K+ from the peritubular capillaries into the distal convoluted tubule

23. the major site of amino acid absorption is the

1. liver

2.stomach

3. large intestine

4. small intestine

24. a negative feedback mechanism in response to reduced intake of salt (NaCl) is likely to include

1. an increase in blood volume due to increase in ADH

2. an increase in renal blood flow due to an increase in water reabsorption

3. an increase in secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular cells

4. a decrease in secretion of aldosterone and increased Na+ excretion

25. Renin is secreted by

1. speciallized cells in the nephron and converts angiotensinogen into anglotensin 1.

2. lung capillary endothelial cells and converts angiotensin 1 into angiotensin 2.

3. the atria in response to increased stretch and causes a loss of Na+ and water

4. adrenal cortex and promotes K+ secretion in the proximal convoluted tubule.

Choose two societal benefit to recombinant DNA technology.

Select all that apply.

Complete the sentences to identify similarities and differences in the secondary structure of a protein and the secondary structure of DNA.

Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.

backbone atoms, the same, close, not close, hydrogen, different, disulfide, covalent, bases

• Both secondary structures in proteins and DNA are held together by ______ bonding interactions.
• In a protein, these interactions are between________that are _____ to each other, and are on the ______strand(s).
• In DNA these interactions are between _________ that are ______ to each other, and are on _______ strand(s)

Name functions of Messenger RNA, Ribosomal RNA, and Transfer RNA.

Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.

proteins, copy, place, demolished, amino acid, lipids, nucleus, adds, ribosome, decreasing, manufactured, DNA, RNA, cuts, cell, growing, copies

• 1. Messenger RNA (mRNA): It contains a base sequence complementary to the _____ strand that encodes for_____ . It_____ _______ and then moves from the ______ to the ______.
• 2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): The structural component of the _____ where_______ are_____ in the_______ .
• 3. Transfer RNA (tRNA): It is used in the _____ to _____ a specific_____ in the ________ protein chain.

QUESTION 41

Sperm is delivered through the body by a system of ducts:

1. Epididymis

2. __________

3. Ejaculatory Duct

4. Urethra

QUESTION 42

The site where fertilization usually occurs?

QUESTION 43

Water, Na+, amino acid, and glucose are reabsorbed back into the peritubular capillaries.

True

False

QUESTION 44

What is the bulky middle layer consisting of interlacing layers of smooth muscle?

QUESTION 45

What is the name of the mucosal lining (in the uterus) where the egg burrows and resides to develop?

QUESTION 46

The stratum functionalis is shed during menstruation.

True

False

QUESTION 47

The uterus functions has the birth canal, passageway for menstrual flow and organ of copulation.

True

False

QUESTION 48

What is the range of pH for urine?

QUESTION 49

The _______ region of the small intestine propels waste to the large intestine.

QUESTION 50

__________ ligament anchors ovary laterally to pelvic wall.

Which of the following choices is NOT a correct description of a reporter gene?

Question 29 options:

As a general principle of gene regulation through operons, regulatory genes encode _____________.

Question 28 options:

A common amino acid motif found in many of the polypeptides that function as repressors is ______________.

Question 27 options:

How do negative regulators such as the lac repressor prevent RNA polymerase from initiating transcription?

Question 26 options:

The critical step in the regulation of most bacterial genes occurs _____________.

Question 25 options:

1. In order to produce three glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules that the plant could use to make other organic molecules, how many CO₂ molecules would have to enter the Calvin Cycle?

   		3
   		6
   		9
   		12

2. Genes A and B are on the same chromosome. If a person has one chromosome with the alleles AB and a second chromosome with the alleles ab, how could they produce a gamete with a chromosome containing the alleles Ab or aB?

   		independent assortment
   		random fertilization
   		crossing over
   		mitosis

3. There are several changes that occur to pre-mRNA in eukaryotic cells to produce the final mRNA molecule that will be used in translation. This process is called RNA processing. Which of the following occurs in the process of producing this final mRNA molecule?

   		a poly-A tail is added to the 5’ end
   		a modified guanine nucleotide is added to the 3’ end
   		the introns are cut out and the exons are attached to each other
   		none of the above

4. A mutation in a gene in the fruit fly Drosophila was found to affect eye color. The protein affected was found to be completely normal in its molecular weight and amino acid sequence, although much less of the protein is made in mutant flies. The most likely reason for the change in levels of protein is that the mutation:

   		occurs in the promoter of the gene, within several hundred base pairs of the start of transcription
   		is a change of a codon for serine into another codon for serine
   		is a frame shift mutation near the start of the coding region
   		affects the splicing of the mRNA