Read the following exchange-below:

Should people be allowed to sell their own organs? What is one criticism of Otero's position? What is one difference between Brennan and Otero's position?

Ríoss MonttBlack Markets Kill--By Jason Brennan

Should governments allow individuals to sell their extra kidneys on the market? Right now, about 99,000 US Americans are on the active waitlist for kidney transplants. Most will not get kidneys. People are simply not willing to give away the organs others need.

However, some people are willing to sell kidneys, and others are willing to buy them.

But markets in kidneys are illegal. The government sets the legal price of organs at $0, far below the implicit equilibrium market price. Thus, an economist might say: of course there is a shortage, whenever the legal price of a good is set below the equilibrium price, the quantity demanded will exceed the quantity supplied.

Many philosophers and economists thus think that markets in organs will eliminate the shortage. You aren’t kind enough to give away your extra kidney to a stranger, but you might do it for $100,000. Defenders of organ sales believe it will save hundreds of thousands of lives annually and will help make the poor richer.

Making kidney markets illegal is quite literally killing people.

Many people think that markets in kidneys would have certain undesirable or exploitative features, but these problems can be overcome by designing and/or regulating the market appropriately.

Consider this: some object that if markets in kidneys were legal, then the price of a kidney would be so high that only the rich could afford it. But, in parallel, some poor people can’t afford food. We don’t as a result forbid markets in food.

Instead, we subsidize the poor by issuing food stamps. We could issue means-tested kidneys stamps as well. Further, on a free market in kidneys, the price would likely be much lower than it is on the current black market.

Others object that the poor would be exploited by the rich. Even if so, this at best shows not that markets in kidneys should be forbidden, but that only people who are sufficiently rich — for instance, who make over $60,000 a year — should be allowed to sell kidneys.

Others object that people will rush to sell kidneys without a full understanding of the risks involved. But, again, at best this shows we should require would-be kidney sellers to be licensed. Before being allowed to sell, they must pass a test, akin to a driver’s license exam, showing they understand the costs and benefits.

In the end, some people feel that selling kidneys is just plain wrong, because it somehow violates human dignity or the integrity of the body. But this kind of disgust at kidney markets is quite literally killing people. There is no wisdom in repugnance.

Many things we now regard as normal or the hallmarks of responsibility — such as life insurance, anesthesia, or being willing to work for a wage — were once seen as undignified, or disgusting, or “commodifying life.” People’s lives are at stake here. It’s time to grow up and get over our primitive aversion to kidney markets.

Ríoss MonttA Perfect Market Is Impossible--By Pedro García Otero

How much is a human life worth? Are the lives of Bill Gates, Nelson Mandela, and Lionel Messi — beyond their contributions to humanity, relevance, or fortunes — worth the same as mine?

Is my life worth the same as that of a common prisoner in China or Azerbaijan? Furthermore, is human life susceptible to economic valuation? Who sets the price?

If we begin from the premise that all human lives are equally valuable — only totalitarian states, such as communist and fascist regimes, argue otherwise — we would have to conclude that the free sale of human organs from living donors is impossible.

Even in countries that are spearheading organ donation and transplantation, supply doesn’t come close to meeting demand. According to the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), the number of patients waitlisted for organs in the United States in 2015 was nearly 123,000 (approximately 70 percent of them awaiting kidneys). Last year saw only about 30,000 donations.

This means five in six people likely have not found a donor.

And in an extreme case, according to the World Health Organization, the figures in Latin America should amount to 40 donors per 1 million patients requiring a transplant, yet it is actually less than four donors per million.

Even in Venezuela and other countries with opt-out policies, this figure isn’t any better, and efficient policies are required for data collection on potential donors and recipients. Moreover, it’s necessary to break cultural taboos surrounding organ donation.

It’s impossible to prevent black markets from emerging when demand so decisively exceeds the supply. Consequently, in a black market, the wealthy will inevitably have an advantage over the poor. Currently, transplant candidates must meet a set of criteria to become a recipient. In the sale of organs, these criteria would be replaced only by a person’s ability to pay.

From a recipient’s perspective, how much would a kidney be worth if he or she were dying? Priceless, no doubt. What about from the donor’s perspective? No sale would ever be voluntary. It would always be motivated, or more likely coerced, by desperate economic circumstances. This makes way for corruption.

For over two decades, the Chinese government have been rumored to trade in organs harvested from prisoners. Obviously, these prisoners have not voluntarily agreed to sell a kidney, part of their liver, or their corneas.

In India, where the organ market has been falsely regulated since 1994, hundreds of wealthy individuals undergo transplant surgery under poor sanitary conditions each year.

Considering one life to be worth more than another based on wealth goes against the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states that “all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.” Two of these fundamental rights are the right to life and the right to health.

A market will not exist until supply is brought up to the same level as demand. And without a market, the free sale of organs will continue to be subject to trafficking and privilege.

Current solutions lie in opt-out policies, education, and efficient mechanisms for donation from deceased patients. Meanwhile, science can continue working to develop tailor-made organs, something that will surely one day come.

This week we read two articles (one very short, and one mid-sized) about the concept of dignity, and a second about the provision of "false hope" in nursing practice. Please read the two articles, and then answer one of the two questions below in ~400 words:

1. Is providing false hope consistent with treating patients with maximum human dignity? Does it make a difference if a doctor or nurse is providing it? Why or why not? Refer to the articles in answering.

2. Which of the ethical theories that we have visited with prior to this week captures the concerns raised about dignity best? Why?

1.Growth in the standard of living is measured by the increase in

Group of answer choices

employment.

real GDP.

the Rule of 70.

consumption.

real GDP per person.

2.The productivity curve

Group of answer choices

is vertical.

has a positive slope.

is U-shaped.

is horizontal.

has a negative slope.

3.For economic freedom to exist,

Group of answer choices

money must be free.

democracy must exist.

copyright laws must be abolished and markets supervised by the government.

property rights must be protected and markets must be free.

human capital must be given away free.

Answer the following questions in detail.

If you are hypothetically chosen to travel and set up life in Mars:

1. What would you do and what things would you bring from Earth to Mars (without bringing a living organism, i.e. human, dog, etc.) in order to initiate life in Mars, and why?

2. Once the first cell arose from whatever life you initiated from question 1, how would it evolve to include all the diverse living organisms (i.e. monkey, humans, plants, etc.) that we see on today's earth?

1) A morbid inquiry: Which is greater – the number of people alive in the world at this moment or the number of people that have died in all of history? Think about how integration is part of the analysis to this question. Also consider that the total human population of the earth is accurately estimated for all of recorded history – let this function be P (t)

a) Use an integral to define a function Q (t) that expresses the cumulative sum of people who have lived and died up to a date t .

b) Do some quick research and speculate on whether or not Q(t) ≥ P(t) at this point in time. Justify your answer.

PLEASE ANSWER AS SOON AS POSSIBLE

Q1-  What Social Determinant of Health is the most important in determining better health and health outcomes?

Question 2

The Orphan Drug Act provides special patent protection and financial support from the state government for drugs designed to treat patients with diseases or conditions that effect 200,000 people or less.

True

False

Q3- The NIH oversees the:

Q4: Describe the attributes of the three phases of FDA Drug Review for Human Testing.

Perform a Work Flow Analysis for a drive-thru cashier and order taker at a McDonald's restaurant.This means you need a column describing the Raw Inputs/Equipment/Human Resources and one for Activity and one for Output. In other words, think about what raw inputs are needed, what equipment is needed, what knowledge a worker needs to take the drive-thru orders, relay them to the cooking lines, and handle cash/credit from customers when paying. Then, tasks are identified in the Activity section - and what the Output is. This is more than just a list of two items each.

Calculus is closely associated with the idea of zero and infinity and, to deal with these concepts, sophisticated instruments and themes are often used. The limit itself is one of those referenced concepts, as it manages to perfectly explore the idea of proximity and, with this, provides countless gains to human knowledge, as well as the concept and mathematical instrument called differential.

Considering this information and studies on the concept of differential, it can be said that it is relevant because:

a) relates a trigonometric function to its inverse function.

b) is useful in applying the L’Hospital rule.

c) makes the use of the limit unnecessary.

d) it is of little use in supporting the calculation.

e) it is related to the idea of infinitesimal.

Science fiction enjoys creating hybrid creatures and humanoid forms of various animals and plants. Explain using as much detail as you can how you would adjust the structures of a plant to accomplish the goals of movement like an human. Essentially I am asking you to make an animal-plant hybrid of some kind and explain how it would have to be physically designed in order to be capable of surviving. Be sure to include information on associated laws and structures.   Use your imagination but make sure your statements are routed in the animal systems science you have learned.

find suitable sensors for each application outlined below. In each case, based on the datasheet, create a table which shows: name, company, price, input range, output range, linearity, sensitivity, precision, accuracy, offset and response time of the introduced sensors.

a. An embedded system to measure human body’s temperature.

b. An embedded system to measure car engine temperature.

c. An embedded system to measure tire air pressure.

d. An embedded system to measure PH of tap water.

e. An embedded system to measure mechanical vibration of an electric motor, which spins 0-5000 RPM.