Direct Labor Variances

Ada Clothes Company produced 20,000 units during April. The Cutting Department used 3,800 direct labor hours at an actual rate of $11.50 per hour. The Sewing Department used 6,300 direct labor hours at an actual rate of $11.20 per hour. Assume there were no work in process inventories in either department at the beginning or end of the month. The standard labor rate is $11.40. The standard labor time for the Cutting and Sewing departments is 0.2 hour and 0.3 hour per unit, respectively.

a. Determine the direct labor rate, direct labor time, and total direct labor cost variance for the (1) Cutting Department and (2) Sewing Department. Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number.

b. The two departments have opposite results. The Cutting Department has a(n) rate variance and a(n) time variance, resulting in a total cost variance. In contrast, the Sewing Department has a(n) rate variance but has a(n) time variance, resulting in a total cost variance.

Direct Labor Variances

The Freedom Clothes Company produced 15,000 units during June of the current year. The Cutting Department used 2,900 direct labor hours at an actual rate of $14.4 per hour. The Sewing Department used 4,800 direct labor hours at an actual rate of $14.1 per hour. Assume there were no work in process inventories in either department at the beginning or end of the month. The standard labor rate is $14.3. The standard labor time for the Cutting and Sewing departments is 0.2 hour and 0.3 hour per unit, respectively.

a. Determine the direct labor rate, direct labor time, and total direct labor cost variance for the Cutting Department and Sewing Department. Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number.

b. The two departments have opposite results. The Cutting Department has a(n)   rate and a(n)   time variance, resulting in a total cost variance. In contrast, the Sewing Department has a(n)   rate variance, and has a very   time variance, resulting in a total   cost variance.

Standards (for a planned level of production of 2,200 units per month)

Direct Materials: Yards per costume12.50yards,, Price per yard $26.00average

Direct Labor: D.L. Hours per costume 62.00hours,, D.L. Rate per hour $44.50average

Variable MOH standard rate per direct labor hour $4.35per D.L. hour,,Fixed MOH standard rate per direct labor hour $9.47per D.L. hour,,Total Budgeted Fixed MOH (for 1 month) $ 1,250,000

Actual cost and data from the current month:

Actual number of yards of materials purchased 28,500

Actual cost of materials purchased $ 810,000 $28.42per yd

Actual number of yards used in production 27,350

Actual number of costumes produced 2,300

Actual direct labor hours 133,500

Actual direct labor cost $5,500,000 $41.20per hr

Actual variable MOH (in total) $665,000

Actual fixed MOH (in total) $1,488,000

Green is unfavorable or favorable and yellow is the answer

Direct Labor Variances

Ada Clothes Company produced 40,000 units during April. The Cutting Department used 12,800 direct labor hours at an actual rate of $16.50 per hour. The Sewing Department used 19,600 direct labor hours at an actual rate of $19.25 per hour. Assume there were no work in process inventories in either department at the beginning or end of the month. The standard labor rate is $18.00. The standard labor time for the Cutting and Sewing departments is 0.3 hour and 0.5 hour per unit, respectively.

a. Determine the direct labor rate, direct labor time, and total direct labor cost variance for the (1) Cutting Department and (2) Sewing Department. Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number.

b. The two departments have opposite results. The Cutting Department has a(n)   rate variance and a(n)   time variance, resulting in a total   cost variance. In contrast, the Sewing Department has a(n)   rate variance but has a(n)   time variance, resulting in a total   cost variance.

The Schmedley Discount Department Store has approximately 300 customers shopping in its store between 9 A.M. and 5 P.M. on Saturdays. In deciding how many cash registers to keep open each Saturday, Schmedley’s manager considers two factors: customer waiting time (and the associated waiting cost) and the service costs of employing additional checkout clerks. Checkout clerks are paid an average of $8 per hour. When only one is on duty, the waiting time per customer is about 10 minutes (or hour); when two clerks are on duty, the average checkout time is 6 minutes per person; 4 minutes when three clerks are working; and 3 minutes when four clerks are on duty. Schmedley’s management has conducted customer satisfaction surveys and has been able to estimate that the store suffers approximately $10 in lost sales and goodwill for every hour of customer time spent waiting in checkout lines.

Number of customers
Average waiting time (per customer)  
Total customer waiting time
Cost per waiting hour
Total waiting cost
Checkout clerk hourly salary
Total pay of clerks for an 8-hour shift
Total expected cost    

25

Chhom, Inc., manufactures and sells two products: Product F9 and Product U4. Data concerning the expected production of each product and the expected total direct labor-hours (DLHs) required to produce that output appear below:

The direct labor rate is $24.40 per DLH. The direct materials cost per unit is $258 for Product F9 and $215 for Product U4.

The company is considering adopting an activity-based costing system with the following activity cost pools, activity measures, and expected activity:

The overhead applied to each unit of Product U4 under activity-based costing is closest to: (Round your intermediate calculations to 2 decimal places.)

Direct Materials Variances

Bellingham Company produces a product that requires 14 standard pounds per unit. The standard price is $8.5 per pound. If 4,200 units required 57,000 pounds, which were purchased at $8.76 per pound, what is the direct materials (a) price variance, (b) quantity variance, and (c) total direct materials cost variance? Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number.

Direct Labor Variances

Bellingham Company produces a product that requires 7 standard hours per unit at a standard hourly rate of $22.00 per hour. If 2,600 units required 18,600 hours at an hourly rate of $21.56 per hour, what is the direct labor (a) rate variance, (b) time variance, and (c) total direct labor cost variance? Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number.

I'll rate do not skip any parts please if you can't do don't do at all pass it to someone else don't waste my question thanks ( I need all answers Cost behavior, High low, contribution margin, Sales mix, target profit Etc)

Cover-to-Cover Company is a manufacturer of shelving for books. The company has compiled the following cost data, and wants your help in determining the cost behavior. After reviewing the data, complete requirements (1) and (2) that follow.

1. Determine whether the costs in the table are variable, fixed, mixed, or none of these.

2. For each cost, determine the fixed portion of the cost, and the per-unit variable cost. If there is no amount or an amount is zero, enter "0". Recall that, for N= Number of Units Produced, Total Costs = (Variable Cost Per Unit x N) + Fixed Cost. Complete the following table with your answers.

High-Low

Biblio Files Company is the chief competitor of Cover-to-Cover Company in the bookshelf business. Biblio Files is analyzing its manufacturing costs, and has compiled the following data for the first six months of the year. After reviewing the data, answer questions (1) through (3) that follow.

1. From the data previously provided, help Biblio Files Company estimate the fixed and variable portions of its total costs using the High-Low Method. Recall that Total Costs = (Variable Cost Per Unit x Units Produced) + Fixed Cost. Complete the following table.

2. With your Total Fixed Cost and Variable Cost per Unit from the High-Low Method, compute the total cost for the following values of N (Number of Units Produced).

3. Why does the total cost computed for 4,360 units not match the data for January in the table at the top of this panel?

The High-Low method gives accurate data only for levels of production outside the relevant range.

The High-Low method gives a formula for the estimated total cost and may not match levels of production other than the highest and lowest.

The High-Low method is accurate only for months in which production is at full capacity.

The High-Low method only gives accurate data when fixed costs are zero.

Contribution Margin

Review the contribution margin income statements for Cover-to-Cover Company and Biblio Files Company on their respective Income Statements panels. Complete the following table from the data provided in the income statements. Each company sold 84,800 units during the year.

Income Statement - Cover-to-Cover

Income Statement - Biblio Files

Sales Mix

Biblio Files Company is making plans for its next fiscal year, and decides to sell two new types of bookshelves, Basic and Deluxe. The company has compiled the following estimates for the new product offerings.

The company is interested in determining how many of each type of bookshelf would have to be sold in order to break even. If we think of the Basic and Deluxe products as components of one overall enterprise product called “Combined,” the unit contribution margin for the Combined product would be $2.31. Fixed costs for the upcoming year are estimated at $346,962. Recall that the totals of all the sales mix percents must be 100%. Determine the amounts to complete the following table.

Target Profit

Refer again to the income statements for Cover-to-Cover Company and Biblio Files Company on their respective Income Statement panels. Note that both companies have the same sales and net income. Answer questions (1) - (3) that follow, assuming that all data for the coming year is the same as the current year, except for the amount of sales. If required, round answers to the nearest dollar.

1. If Cover-to-Cover Company wants to increase its profit by $40,000 in the coming year, what must their amount of sales be?

2. If Biblio Files Company wants to increase its profit by $40,000 in the coming year, what must their amount of sales be?

3. What would explain the difference between your answers for (1) and (2)?

Cover-to-Cover Company’s contribution margin ratio is lower, meaning that it’s more efficient in its operations.

Biblio Files Company has a higher contribution margin ratio, and so more of each sales dollar is available to cover fixed costs and provide income from operations.

The companies have goals that are not in the relevant range.

The answers are not different; each company has the same required sales amount for the coming year to achieve the desired target profit.

Cover-to-Cover Company is a manufacturer of shelving for books. The company has compiled the following cost data, and wants your help in determining the cost behavior. After reviewing the data, complete requirements (1) and (2) that follow.

1. Determine whether the costs in the table are variable, fixed, mixed, or none of these.

2. For each cost, determine the fixed portion of the cost, and the per-unit variable cost. If there is no amount or an amount is zero, enter "0". Recall that, for N= Number of Units Produced, Total Costs = (Variable Cost Per Unit x N) + Fixed Cost. Complete the following table with your answers.

High-Low

Biblio Files Company is the chief competitor of Cover-to-Cover Company in the bookshelf business. Biblio Files is analyzing its manufacturing costs, and has compiled the following data for the first six months of the year. After reviewing the data, answer questions (1) through (3) that follow.

1. From the data previously provided, help Biblio Files Company estimate the fixed and variable portions of its total costs using the high-low method. Recall that Total Costs = (Variable Cost Per Unit x Number of Units Produced) + Fixed Cost. Complete the following table.

2. With your Total Fixed Cost and Variable Cost per Unit from the high-low method, compute the total cost for the following values of N (Number of Units Produced).

3. Why does the total cost computed for 4,360 units not match the data for January in the table at the top of this panel?

The high-low method only gives accurate data when fixed costs are zero.

The high-low method is accurate only for months in which production is at full capacity.

The high-low method gives a formula for the estimated total cost and may not match levels of production other than the highest and lowest.

The high-low method gives accurate data only for levels of production outside the relevant range.

Contribution Margin

Review the contribution margin income statements for Cover-to-Cover Company and Biblio Files Company on their respective Income Statements panels. Complete the following table from the data provided in the income statements. Each company sold 84,800 units during the year.

Income Statement - Cover-to-Cover

Income Statement - Biblio Files

Sales Mix

Biblio Files Company is making plans for its next fiscal year, and decides to sell two new types of bookshelves, Basic and Deluxe. The company has compiled the following estimates for the new product offerings.

The company is interested in determining how many of each type of bookshelf would have to be sold in order to break even. If we think of the Basic and Deluxe products as components of one overall enterprise product called “Combined,” the unit contribution margin for the Combined product would be $2.31. Fixed costs for the upcoming year are estimated at $346,962. Recall that the totals of all the sales mix percents must be 100%. Determine the amounts to complete the following table.

Target Profit

Refer again to the income statements for Cover-to-Cover Company and Biblio Files Company on their respective Income Statement panels. Note that both companies have the same sales and net income. Answer questions (1) - (3) that follow, assuming that all data for the coming year is the same as the current year, except for the amount of sales.

1. If Cover-to-Cover Company wants to increase its profit by $40,000 in the coming year, what must their amount of sales be?

2. If Biblio Files Company wants to increase its profit by $40,000 in the coming year, what must their amount of sales be?

3. What would explain the difference between your answers for (1) and (2)?

The companies have goals that are not in the relevant range.

Cover-to-Cover Company’s contribution margin ratio is lower, meaning that it’s more efficient in its operations.

The answers are not different; each company has the same required sales amount for the coming year to achieve the desired target profit.

Biblio Files Company has a higher contribution margin ratio, and so more of each sales dollar is available to cover fixed costs and provide income from operations.