3. A university wants to estimate the percentage of their students who are the first in their families to go to college. There are 40,000 enrolled students. For each part, describe how the university might collect data using the given sampling method

a. Cluster sample

b. Simple random sample

c. Systematic sample

d. Stratified sample

of the three men, the chances that of politician, a businessman, of an academician will be appointed as a vice-chancellor (vc) of a university are 0.5,0.3 and 0.2 respectively. Probability that the research is promoted to become vc of the university politician, businessman, and academician 0.3, 0.7, and 0.8 respectively. a) determine the probability that research is promoted. b) if reserch is promoted, what is the probability that vc is and academician?

1. According to the CPI, the overall inflation rate from Sept. 2019 - Sept. 2020 was 1.4% for consumer goods and services. However, that doesn't mean prices for everything went up. Referring to the table above, which of the following categories of spending did not have price increases from Sept. 2019 - Sept. 2020? (more than one answer)

a. transportation b. tuition c. food and beverages d. housing e. medical services

2. Using the index numbers above, calculate the rate of inflation for alcoholic beverages from Sept. 2019 - Sept. 2020. (calculate within one decimal point)

[Hint: start with the formula for calculating the % rate of inflation from the text and lecture]

Bay Ridge, a city with a population of about 125,000, experienced remarkable growth over a short time for two major reasons. First, several large industries were attracted to the area; with more jobs came more people. Second, due to a rezoning plan, several small townships were incorporated into Bay Ridge, which caused a sudden burgeoning in the city’s official population. As a consequence of this growth, the city needed to expand its police force. For many years, Bay Ridge had a relatively small force and used only a brief interview to select the officers. Recently, however, there had been several complaints about the city’s selection interview. Due to the complaints and the need to hire many more officers, the city council decided to abandon the old method of hiring. The city commissioned a work analysis for police officers and determined that three major factors contributed to success on the job. The next step was to develop selection measures to assess each of the three factors. The city council called a meeting with the city personnel director to get a progress report on the selection measures being proposed. Four city council members and Ron Davenport, the city personnel director, attended.

Davenport: I’m pleased to report to you that we have made substantial progress in our study. The work analysis revealed that the following factors determine success on the police force: physical agility, sensitivity to community relations, and practical judgment. We are fairly pleased with the tests developed to assess two of the factors, although one of them is causing us some problems.

Councilmember DeRosa: Would you kindly elaborate on what these factors mean?

Davenport: Certainly. Physical agility is important in being able to apprehend and possibly disarm a suspect. It is also important in being able to carry a wounded officer out of the line of hostile fire. Sensitivity to community relations involves knowledge of racial and ethnic problems in the city, plus an ability to work with the community in preventing crime. Practical judgment reflects knowing when it is advisable to pursue a criminal suspect and what methods of action to use in uncertain situations.

Councilmember Flory: How do you propose to measure physical agility?

Davenport: It looks as if we’ll go with some physical standard—being able to carry a 150-pound dummy 25 yards, or something similar. We might also use some height and weight requirements. We could have some problems with gender differences in that women are not as strong as men, but I think we can work it out.

Councilmember Reddinger: Are all of these tests going to be performance tests?

Davenport: No, that’s the only one so far. For the community relations factor, we’re going to use a situational interview. We’ll ask the candidates how they would go about dealing with some hypothetical but realistic problem, such as handling a domestic argument. The interviewers will grade their answers and give a total score.

Councilmember Hamilton: What will be a passing score in this interview?

Davenport: We haven’t determined that yet. We’re still trying to determine if this is the best way to measure the factor.

Councilmember Flory: How do you plan to measure practical judgment?

Davenport: That’s the problem case. We really haven’t figured out a good test of that yet.

Councilmember DeRosa: How about a test of general intelligence?

Davenport: It appears that practical judgment is related to intelligence, but it’s not the same thing. A person can be very intelligent in terms of verbal and numerical ability but not possess a great deal of practical judgment.

Councilmember Reddinger: Hasn’t some psychologist developed a test of practical judgment?

Davenport: Not that we know of. You also have to remember that the type of judgment a police officer has to demonstrate is not the same as the type of judgment, say, a banker has to show. I guess I’m saying there appear to be different kinds of practical judgment.

Councilmember Hamilton: Could you use some personality inventory to measure it?

Davenport: I don’t think so. I doubt that practical judgment is a personality trait. At least I’m not aware of any direct measures of it.

Councilmember Flory: How about using the interview again? A police officer has to demonstrate practical judgment in handling community relations. Can’t you just expand the interview a bit?

Davenport: That’s a possibility we’re considering. Another possibility is to put candidates in a test situation where they have to demonstrate their practical judgment. It could be a pretty expensive method, all things considered, but it may be the best way to go.

Councilmember DeRosa: I have a feeling, Mr. Davenport, that your success in measuring practical judgment will determine just how many good officers we get on the force.

Questions: 1. The city should validate whatever predictors it develops to select police officers. Describe how a criterion-related validity study would be used to assess the accuracy of the predictions.

2. Do you think biographical information might be useful in predicting one’s success as a police officer? If so, what types of items might be useful?

3. Describe a work sample or situational exercise that might measure practical judgment.

4. What might be a problem in using a physical ability test to select police officers?

5. The personnel department has asked you to assist in developing or selecting predictors of police officer performance. What advice would you give?

WIKIPEDIA, leverages technological innovation afforded by the Internet combined with a crowdsourcing approach to content development and maintenance. Beyond the technical challenges of web interfaces, servers, and bandwidth for delivery is a sometimes-overlooked capability: the Wikipedians themselves. Over 32 million people have registered accounts to contribute edits to Wikipedia. More than 300,000 users provide edits to the website at least once a month. These volunteers build the content for the site, using a creative commons license that ensures free access to any of the 500 million unique visitors each month. This crowdsourcing and its legal underpinnings are successful only as long as individuals are willing to spend their own time contributing to the site for no pay or other extrinsic benefits. The ability to attract and utilize legions of interested individuals is vital to the success of Wikipedia both today and into the future. Moreover, Wikipedia is a nonprofit, free-of-advertising social entrepreneurship venture that is exclusively financed by donations. Wikipedia runs regular calls for donations using slogans such as: “Please help us feed the servers,” “We make the Internet not suck. Help us out,” and “We are free, our bandwidth isn’t!” Calls for donations also come in the form of personal appeals by co-founder Jimmy Wales. The question arises whether the donation model is sustainable given not only the increasing demand for Wikipedia’s services, but also the emergence of competitors. Wikipedia might not be as error-prone in science topics as shown in the Nature study mentioned earlier, because most entries on Wikipedia are not about science. Wikipedia maintains that it fosters a “neutral point of view.” A recent research study tested this claim. In particular, a study of 28,000 articles about US politics revealed a significant bias. On average, Wikipedia entries lean left of center. Initial entries arrive with a slant, and change little over time. This bias is more pronounced in earlier Wikipedia articles. The authors call this the “vintage bias.” Although the degree of slant in Wikipedia articles changes little over time, more recent political entries are more balanced. One reason the authors put forth to explain the vintage effect is that in the early days of Wikipedia only technology enthusiasts and early adopters participated, and this demographic tends to lean left. The shift toward a more “neutral point of view” over the years has arisen from the growth of Wikipedia, bringing in the early and late majority as contributors. Questions

a. How can Wikipedia maintain and grow its ability to harness the crowdsourcing of its “Wikipedians” to maintain high-quality (and quickly updated) content?

b. As Wikipedia keeps growing, do you think it can continue to rely exclusively on donations (in time and money)? Why or why not? What other “business models” could be considered? Would any of those “violate the spirit of Wikipedia”? Why or why not?

c. What, if anything, should Wikipedia do to ensure that its articles indeed present a “neutral point of view”? Shouldn’t the crowdsourcing approach ensure objectivity? Does a “neutral point of view” matter to Wikipedia’s sustainability? Why or why not?

d. How has the “long tail” affected Wikipedia?

Problem 3-04A

A review of the ledger of Gina Company at December 31, 2020, produces the following data pertaining to the preparation of annual adjusting entries.

Prepare the adjusting entries at December 31, 2020. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually.)

Presented below are two independent situations related to future taxable and deductible amounts resulting from temporary differences existing at December 31, 2020. 1. Larkspur Co. has developed the following schedule of future taxable and deductible amounts. 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Taxable amounts $400 $400 $400 $400 $400 Deductible amount — — — (2,200 ) 2. Cullumber Co. has the following schedule of future taxable and deductible amounts. 2021 2022 2023 2024 Taxable amounts $400 $400 $400 $400 Deductible amount — — (2,300 ) — Both Larkspur Co. and Cullumber Co. have taxable income of $3,900 in 2020 and expect to have taxable income in all future years. The tax rates enacted as of the beginning of 2020 are 30% for 2020–2023 and 35% for years thereafter. All of the underlying temporary differences relate to noncurrent assets and liabilities. 1. Compute the net amount of deferred income taxes to be reported at the end of 2020, and indicate how it should be classified on the balance sheet for situation one.

2. Compute the net amount of deferred income taxes to be reported at the end of 2020, and indicate how it should be classified on the balance sheet for situation two.

How to put merchandise inventory in T accounts

The following amounts summarize Transeer Company’s merchandising activities during 2020. Post the activities in the following T-accounts and calculate the account balances. Assume that the company uses perpetual inventory system.

Trainex Corporation purchased equipment on January 1, 2020 at a cost of $500,000. The equipment has an estimated residual value of $50,000 and an estimated life of 5 years. At the end of two years, Trainex reevaluated the useful life of the equipment. Management extended the total useful life an additional 5 years but estimated that the equipment would have no residual value at the end of this time. If the company uses straight-line depreciation, what amount (in whole dollars) would be recorded as depreciation expense 1) for 2020 , 2) for 2021 , and 3) for 2022 ? The journal entries to record depreciation in each of the years would include a debit to (what account?) and a credit to .