All things radiate light as a blackbody, though some things are closer to being "perfect" blackbodies than others.

It turns out that light emission and light absorption depend on the same microscopic interactions, so the difference between a perfect blackbody and an imperfect blackbody has to do with light absorption. A perfect blackbody perfectly absorbs all light that falls on it (so it would appear pitch black). A piece of charcoal, for example, is very close to a perfect blackbody. If an object absorbs very little of the light that falls on it, like a shiny piece of metal, that object is very far from being a perfect blackbody.

The Stefan-Boltzmann Law for light emission, P=σAT4, gives the power emitted by a perfect blackbody. If an object is not a perfect blackbody, it emits less power. The emissivity ϵϵ of a material describes how similar it is to a perfect blackbody: ϵ=1 for a perfect blackbody, while ϵ=0 for an object that doesn't emit any light whatsoever.

Including emissivity in the Stefan-Boltzmann Law is simple: P=ϵσAT4.

Let's explore some of the implications of emissivity using an important example: the light radiated from a human being.

Consider a person standing naked in an empty room. The average surface area of a human is around 1.75m.

Part E

It turns out that human skin is very nearly a perfect blackbody with an emissivity of about ϵ=0.98 (at least for infrared light, where most of a person's radiation happen), so your calculation in Part D is pretty close to the actual net power radiated by a person under the circumstances we've been considering.

In such circumstances, this person is losing a lot of the energy generated by their basal metabolism. As a result, they would feel cold. That's one reason we wear clothes - the fabrics in our clothes generally have a much lower emissivity than our skin.

Recalculate the net power radiated by this person if they are wearing cotton clothing, noting that cotton has an emissivity of ϵ=0.77. For the sake of simplicity, assume that cotton covers all the exposed skin of this person.

(Hint: the emissivity of a material affects not just the light it radiates but also the light it absorbs.)

Part D Ans - 105 W = net power radiated by the person

Determine which ethical perspective is primarily reflected in each of the arguments below and, in 1-2 sentences for each argument, explain why it corresponds to the ethical perspective you selected..

Ethical Perspectives:

A = Consequentialism
B = Duty Ethics/Deontology
C = Virtue Ethics
D = Moral Relativism

Arguments:

1. Free health care should be available to all people. After all, if that were the case, it would benefit everyone.
2. Character education should be part of the public school system in the United States. We need to cultivate integrity in our children, and the public school system should play a role in this important process.
3. Although many societies have practiced human sacrifice, human sacrifice wasn't considered wrong, even though we believe it is wrong in our culture. So, human sacrifice within those cultures wasn't really wrong.
4. Same-sex marriage is right because the polls show that most Americans favor it, even if that is not the case in other countries.
5. The legalization of same-sex marriage is wrong because the government has no right to legally sanction any form of personal relationship except one: marriage relationships between a man and a woman. That is the only type of relationship that can lead to procreation, and the state has a legitimate interest in procreation. Thus, the state has a duty to support marriage between a man and a woman, and a duty to refrain from getting legally involved in other types of relationships.
6. Dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was wrong because those acts violated the right to life of many innocent people, and we should protect those rights.
7. Dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was right because those acts ended the war faster, and thus made the world a safer place.
8. We need to do a background check and to collect some character references on Mr. Jones before we hire him.
9. He doesn't have the right character and temperament to be a state governor. He has been involved in corruption scandals, known to be dishonest, and has problems controlling his anger.
10. Sure, slavery is wrong in our society because we all agree it's wrong. However, slavery isn't absolutely wrong because many societies have practiced slavery.

Microbiomes are composed of resident microbioata and transient microbioata. Resident microbioata feed on the waste of body cells and are mostly commensal. A person's normal microbiome begins to develop when the amniotic membrane ruptures during birth. The first meals and first breathe also contribute to the microbiome. Sometimes normal microbioata become pathogenic, introduction into an unusual site in the body, immunosuppression, stressful conditions or changes in the normal microbioata that compete out opportunistic pathogens.  

1. Explain why eating high fiber foods, taking meds for chronic conditions or taking antibiotics before the age of three affects a person's microbiome.

Reservoirs

Animal reservoirs harbor agents of zooneses, for example anthrax, rabies, Ebola and African sleeping sickness. Usually animals do not acquire diseases from humans or human waste. Some pathogens could be transmitted from human to animal by a bloodsucking arthropod.

Human carriers may have no symptoms and may infect other people who are susceptible. 2. Salmonella Typhi lives only in humans. Carriers may have recovered from an infection and have this bacteria in their intestinal tract. Describe two ways a carrier could infect others.

Nonliving reservoirs are soil, water or food.

Direct contact transmission involves person to person spread by body contact; indirect contact involves the spread of pathogens by an inanimate object, fomites. Droplet transmission refers to the pathogen traveling less than 1 meter in droplets of mucous to a new host. Aerosols are clouds of water than travel more than 1 meter in airborne transmission. Vehicle transmission includes, airborne, waterborne and foodborne transmission. Fecal-oral infection results from drinking sewage contaminated water or eating fecal contaminants.

3. How is polio transmitted? Why might the incidence of polio be high in children in a refugee camp?

4. How is hepatitist B transmitted? For whom is a HepB vaccine recommended?

The incidence of a disease is the number of new cases and the prevalence is the total number of cases in a population for a given time period.  

5. According to CDC the number of HIV cases reported in 2014 was 37,600. At the end of 2015 1.1 million Americans were living with HIV infections. What is the incidence of HIV and what is the prevalence based on this information?

Precis 3

To complete this assignment, follow the instructions below.

You will have two arguments to address from both Chapter 8 and Chapter 9.

From Chapter 8, Exercise 8.9, write a precis on passages 4 and 5.

4: If the Copernican and Darwinian theories are reasonable representatives of scientific revolutions, Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychology is a candidate for a revolution in thought. Thus, because both the Copernican and Darwinian theories are reasonable representatives of scientific revolutions, Freud’s theory is a candidate for a revolution in thought.- Friedel Wienert, Copernicus, Darwin, and Freud.

5: Infants can recognize human voices as early as 7 months of age. Researchers studied brain activity in 32 infants, half of whom were 4 months of age and the other half 7 months old. Researchers played different sounds, including human voices speaking nonsense languages, and brain activity suggested that the 7 month-olds could distinguish the human voice from the other sounds and the 4 month olds could not.- Neuron

Be sure to identify the type of argument, if appropriate, and discuss the strength of any possible inductive generalizations.

Work to justify your analysis.

No diagram is necessary.

From Chapter 9, Exercise 9.12, write a precis on passages 1 and 4.

Be sure to identify the type of argument, if appropriate, and discuss the strength of any possible analogical arguments.

Work to justify your analysis.

No diagram is necessary.

(1) Plants are a lot like animals, because they both transfer energy of one kind to energy of another. Since most plants get their energy directly or indirectly from sunlight, animals, too, must get their energy from sunlight.-Tom Garrison, Oceanography.

(4) When studying the frontal lobe, the part of the brain that considers the consequences of actions, we made an insightful discovery about the adolescent brain. A major reason why adolescents often make poor decisions is because the nerve cells that connect their frontal lobes with the rest of their brains are sluggish.- Neuroscientist Frances Jensen.

This assignment should be submitted as a double-spaced Microsoft Word document. Please use the naming protocol Precis3_Lastname. For example, if your name is Jane Smith, the document would be saved as Precis3_Smith.

Stark Engineering Solutions Melbourneknew it had a problem with recruitment when it began to lose track of its job applicants’ Curriculum Vitae’s (CV’s or resume). It frequently called the same candidates for an interview twice and from time to time, sought to interview people it had already employed. HR staff would spend up to two hours looking for an individual CV’s for a given job.

The company had existed for around 4 years and had grown very rapidly. It had around 2000 employees but planned to expand this to 6000 over the next three years. The business, with 4 offices in major Australian cities, intended to take on approximately some extra 200 employees each quarter.

The Human Resources recruitment team had started with 2 members and had grown to 12 people across the four offices. The bigger it grew, the greater the chaos and confusion. The recruitment database was maintained in an MS Excel spreadsheet and was not coordinated between the 4 offices. They were receiving an average of1000 CV’s per month – via email or in the form of the hard copy sent by candidates or by recruitment firms – for an average of around 60 vacancies across all 4 offices at any given time.

An internal review demonstrated that the company had to standardise its recruitment processes and reduce duplication. The cost per hire needed to be cut and the overall quality of the talent hired by the business needed to rise.

The company felt that these improvements would help speed response times and promote a positive image. They could also help to improve the efficiency of the recruitment staff. Stark Engineering believed that the adoption of an online recruitment platform would improve the shortlisting process and boost candidate confidentiality. It could, in time, ensure a greater diversity of job applicants.

Source: Adapted from Instructor Resources-Nankervis, A., Compton, R., Baird, M. & Coffey, J. 2017. Human Resource Management, Strategy and Practice. (9th Ed.) Australia: Cengage Learning

Questions:

1. Explain the current problems facing the Stark Engineering recruitment team and how the benefits of using an online recruitment system could solve these issues for both the employer and the prospective candidates applying for the jobs.

this question is related to human resource management

Read the following excerpt and answer question Robots’ rise to spark jobs crisis, says Seek chief A key player in the Australian jobs market [Seek chief executive Andrew Bassat] has warned that the rate at which robots replace humans in the workplace will spark an employment crisis and has urged companies and governments to urgently confront the issue. In a recent report, consulting giant McKinsey assessed more than 800 jobs to see how robots could replace people. It found the accommodation and food services sectors were the most ripe for automation, with machines able to perform about 75 per cent of the work in those sectors. In the resources sector, one of Australia’s biggest employers, it found robots could perform more than 60 per cent of the work. In another report, PwC claimed that automated bots in the future could take 38 per cent of jobs in the US, 30 per cent in Britain, 35 per cent in Germany and 21 per cent in Japan. The firm said the jobs most likely to be taken by robots would be in the transportation and storage sectors, as well as manufacturing and retail. But it said the productivity benefits could lead to higher salaries being paid to the remaining human workers. Mr Bassat said “Government also has a big role to play in closing the gap between supply and demand with the new jobs. Directing people to education and training that will lead to available jobs (where in some cases there are skill shortages), not to places where jobs are fast disappearing.’’ Author: Damon Kitney, Victorian Business Editor Source: The Australian (July 04, 2017) Required:

A) What are the likely effects of a change from human to robot labour on Aggregate Demand, Short Run Aggregate Supply and Long Run Aggregate Supply? What are the effects on GDP, employment and price level. Assume that robots are more productive and cheaper than human workers, and can be used in most sectors of the economy. Also, assume that, previously, the Australian economy was in short- and long-run macroeconomic equilibrium, with actual real GDP being equal to its potential level.

B) Describe how the ABS measures GDP using the income method.

C) Explain how the components of income that add to final GDP might change.

Which of the following serve as examples of strong separation of duties within the context of the acquisition/payment process?

Question 6 options:

Missouri Can Corporation (MCC) manufactures and sells a variety of can types, such as soft drink cans, oil cans and many others. MCC has adopted a functional organization structure that includes departments for accounting, marketing, manufacturing, human resources and information systems. Which of the following appropriately pairs a document with one of MCC's business processes?

Question 14 options:

Which of the following statements best explains the relationship between the acquisition/payment process and the sales/collection process?

Question 15 options:

Consider the following statements as you answer the question:

i. Felix, a cash receipts clerk, applied Allison's payment to the invoices indicated on her remittance advice.
ii. In purchasing books, Allison filled out a form on a bookstore's web site.
iii. The bookstore's web site verified Allison's credit limit.
iv. William, a warehouse worker, prepared Allison's books for shipment.

Which of these statements most clearly relates to the third step in the sales/collection process?

Question 19 options:

Which of the following exemplifies the role and purpose of the sales/collection process?

Question 35 options:

Accounting information systems have five generic elements. Which of the following pairs includes two examples of the same element within the context of the acquisition/payment process?

Question 50 options:

Referring to the Article Below only write a short essay (around 500 to 600 words) discussing in detail some of the issue related to managing diversity. The issue and discussion must be relevant to the textbook theory.

please mention the references.

6) THE A,B,C OF X, Y AND Z– GENERATIONAL DIVERSITY! The corporate or the industrial work place is as diverse as the Malaysian social fabric, which is multi-coloured. It is often said that in Malaysia, “We celebrate diversity!” Despite this diversity, the work place continues to have uniformity of its own making, due to the prevalence of the principles and practices that govern the Malaysian work environment. A commitment to work, a concern for productivity, adherence to procedures and loyalty to employers, are some of the factors that contribute towards a standardised work culture. Such a posture has helped Malaysia to attain a commendable reputation and stature to attract foreign investment and for the location of production centers in Malaysia for global export. This achievement of Malaysia is the envy of many nations, which are bigger in land size, larger by population and with rich natural resources. The conformity of the work force to meet investor expectations, without the benefit of a homogenous population, is an advantage that should continue. Generally, practitioners of human resources have carefully embraced religion-ethnic-linguistic issues with an open mind and have kept individual or specific sensitiveness at bay. This harmony is indeed a credit to the Malaysian human resource management fraternity. Today, a diversity of another kind is emerging. This is not specific to Malaysia. It is a global phenomenon of differing generational expectations. At least three groups, designated Gen X, Gen Y and Gen Z, are discernible in the workforce. Each category has distinct characteristics and traits. While the diversity of people of different races, religions and languages was made to conform to a set “code” at the work place, to be compliant, the new breed have their own “codes and modes of behaviour”, that may not conform to hitherto established norms. This problem already exists in families and in the home environment. It is creeping into the work place. The period after the world war gave the world the generation called baby-boomers. The people of this generation are now fading away from the work scene as they retire. The generation that followed is the Gen X. They are part of the population that witnessed a rapidly changing world political scenario. This generation, even in Malaysia, contributed to a strong economy and industrial foundations. Gen Y, that follows, is vibrant with high expectations and are dubbed as the “Millennium generation” as most of them became adults with the Y2K transition. Gen Z is the generation of the future, taking on from the Millennium point, and entering into a turbulent and volatile world, plagued with economic, social and environmental crises. The Gen Y and Gen Z are imbued with technology-driven life styles and they communicate actively and instantaneously on the social media. They create their own digital environment which may not be in-sync with the formal or formalised work environment that is structured. Not only the physical work place configuration will change, the whole concept of an office as “the place to work will change also, if it has not already changed”. Therefore, the challenge facing CEOs and human resource/human capital managers is to be perceptive of the new diversity that has entered into the organisation. It is time to address the generational issues and introduce a policy framework that will recognise talents that come from X, Y or Z. The abc, the rudiments for such an approach, must be instituted right away to “celebrate diversity,” albeit of another kind!

QUESTION.

1. Define Common Core State Standards (CCSS) (include the definitions of curriculum versus standards).

2. State the concern that you chose (written below) and then decide if the concern is valid or not. Give your rationales and references for your stance.

The Common Core can't speed up child development

Recent evaluations of the state's preschoolers have determined that only 47 percent are ready for kindergarten, compared to 83 percent judged ready last year. This drastic drop isn't the result of an abrupt, catastrophic decline in the cognitive abilities of our children. Instead, it results from a re-definition of kindergarten readiness, which now means being able to succeed academically at a level far beyond anything expected in the past. For example, a child entering kindergarten is now expected to know the difference between informative/explanatory writing and opinion writing. The concern is that preschoolers without that knowledge will not succeed at meeting the new higher-level Common-Core standards. However, I think a more pressing concern is: Why do we have educational standards that are not aligned with even the most basic facts of human development? Clearly these test results show that the problem is with the standards, not the children.

Educational attainment is part of human development, and fundamentally this is a biological process that cannot be sped up. We cannot wish away our biological limitations because we find them inconvenient. Children will learn crawling, walking, listening, talking and toilet training, all in succession at developmentally appropriate ages. Once in school, for skills that require performing a physical task, that are in what Bloom's Taxonomy classifies as the "psychomotor domain," it is understood that children will only learn when they are physically and developmentally ready. No one expects four-year olds to type fluently on a computer keyboard, play difficult Chopin Etudes on the piano, prepare elaborate meals in the kitchen or drive a car.

However, for skills in what Bloom calls the "cognitive domain," the school curriculum has become blind not only to the progression of normal child development but also to natural variations in the rate that children develop. It is now expected that pre-school children should be able to grasp sophisticated concepts in mathematics and written language. In addition, it is expected that all children should be at the same cognitive level when they enter kindergarten, and proceed through the entire grade-school curriculum in lock step with one another. People, who think that all children can learn in unison, have obviously never worked with special needs children or the gifted and talented.

Demanding that children be taught to developmentally inappropriate standards for language and math comprehension is not a harmless experiment. This exercise in futility wastes the time of teachers and students and unethically sets all of them up to fail. It exacerbates the very problems that the new curriculum is supposed to fix. It leaves boys, whose verbal development for biological reasons already lags behind girls, even further behind and will accelerate the trend of fewer boys going on to college. Even today boys only make up about 40 percent of college students nationwide and their numbers will continue to dwindle.

The new curriculum standards and testing regimens are motivated by a well-intentioned desire to close achievements gaps that exist between the various socio-economic and ethnic and racial groups. There is a belief that by demanding that all children meet a set of rigid and arbitrarily high academic standards, achievement gaps can be closed and economic opportunities increased for all. The apparent reasoning is that if all children receive the same education and are held to the same academic standards, then all children will have equal opportunity to succeed as adults.

However, addressing pervasive economic inequality by pretending that in an ideal world all children should be alike isn't a solution. The inequalities that plague our society are inherent in the structure of our political and economic systems. A new curriculum will not change the underlying pathologies corrupting these structures. It is a mistake to conflate unjust economic inequalities that arise from our broken political and economic systems with normal differences in abilities and dispositions among people that arise from being human. If all barriers to inequality were broken down, people would still be different from one another and normal human development would still unfold.

Education should be about helping each child, regardless of background or academic readiness, achieve his or her full, unique potential as a human being. It should instill not just academics but also physical, emotional and social skills, which are also essential for making meaningful contributions to the well being of our families, communities and the economy. Differences between people that arise across all skill sets and educational domains are an inherent and valued part of the human experience that should be celebrated in school, not erased.

f venom evolved in a lizard ancestor of snakes, and was subsequently lost in many descendants, which is a plausible hypothesis for the loss of venom?

13. An investigator does a control series of experiments examining the production of HCO3 when different concentrations of CO2 are added to a number of test tubes all having the same amount of an enzyme that catalyzes this reaction. What should the investigator expect the graph of the raw data to look like when plotting the data points for the total amount of HCO3 produced in each test tube?

A hyperbolic curve with a clear Vmax

a flat line

a straight line with a positive slope

a straight line with a negative slope

A plot with a hyperbolic component but that has no obvious Vmax