A researcher would like to determine whether an over-the-counter herbal nasal spray has an effect on mental alertness for infants. A sample of n = 18 infants is obtained, and each baby is given a standard dose of the spray one hour before being tested for mental alertness. For the general population of infants, scores on a mental alertness screening test are normally distributed with μ = 60. The infants in the sample had an average score of M = 54 and an s = 8.

Can the researcher conclude that scores on the screening test are significantly different after administering the spray? Use a two-tailed test with α = .05. Be sure to state your null hypothesis, a decision about that null hypothesis, and a conclusion explaining your results with an APA format statement. Calculate Cohen’s d if necessary.

A researcher would like to determine whether an over-the-counter herbal nasal spray has an effect on mental alertness for infants. A sample of n = 16 infants is obtained, and each baby is given a standard dose of the spray one hour before being tested for mental alertness. For the general population of infants, scores on a mental alertness screening test are normally distributed with μ = 60. The infants in the sample had an average score of M = 56.5 and an s = 8.

Can the researcher conclude that scores on the screening test are significantly different after administering the spray? Use a two-tailed test with α = .05. Be sure to state your null hypothesis, a decision about that null hypothesis, and a conclusion explaining your results with an APA format statement. Calculate Cohen’s d if necessary.

Federal income tax allows a deduction for any state income tax paid during the year. In addition, the state of Alabama allows a deduction from its state income tax for any federal income tax paid during the year.

The federal corporate income tax is equivalent to a flat rate of 34% of the taxable federal income and the Alabama rate is 5% of the taxable state income. Both the federal and Alabama taxable income for a certain corporation are $1,000,000 before either tax is paid.

Because each tax is deductible on the other return, the taxable income will differ for the state and federal taxes. To find the tax due in this situation, you will use and then compare two different methods.

Iteration:

1. Make an estimate of the federal taxes due by assuming no state tax is due. Deduct this amount from the taxable income, and then calculate an estimate of the state taxes due on the basis of this assumption.

Federal due:

State due:

2. Deduct the estimated state tax due as computed in (1) above from the taxable income, and calculate a new estimate of the federal tax due under this assumption.

Federal due:

3. Deduct the new estimated federal tax due as computed in (2) above from the taxable income, and calculate a new estimate of the state tax due on the basis of these calculations.

State due:

4. Repeat the process in (2) and (3) to get a better estimate of the taxes due to both governments.

Federal due:

State due:

5. Continue this process until the federal tax changes from one repetition to another by less than $1.

What Federal Tax is due?

What State Tax is due?

Matrix Equation:

6. Create two linear equations that describe this taxation situation. Convert the system into a matrix equation, and solve the system to see exactly what tax is due to each government.

7. Does your answer from number 6 above match your answer from number 5? (Hint: it should)

8. What is the effective tax rate that this corporation pays to each government?

Utilizing all the information we have learned so far in this course, create your own experiment about a topic you are interested in. To get full credit for the assignment, you must include the following items: -What is your research question? -What is your independent variable? -What is your dependent variable? -What type of design is it (Quasi, single subject, factorial, etc) -Briefly explain the method of your study and how you would conduct the study -What would be your expected results?

Using ordinary household items, you will simulate the experience of age-related impairments in vision, hearing, smell/taste, and mobility. Choose at least two of the impairments listed in the document and use the supplies indicated to carry out the activities. Attempt to carry out normal tasks, such as moving about your home, going outside, using your computer, eating or drinking something, etc. Describe your experience. How did it feel? What difficulties did you encounter? What thoughts do you have about the reactions or behavior of older people who have a form of impairment? How have your thoughts or feelings about older adults changed as a result of this exercise?

Question 3

Read the following three statements and then answer the question below.

• In 2019, the UK lost its ‘measles-free’ status.
• The basic reproduction number for measles (R0) is given as between 12 and 18, in different studies.
• The immunisation rate in the UK for measles dipped to a low point in 2003 to 80% coverage and since then has risen to 91% in 2019.

Question 5

1. Your friend is suffering from a fever and respiratory symptoms. She visits her GP and requests antibiotics. Explain why antibiotics may not be appropriate for her infection.
2. Describe the effects of the overuse of antibiotics on the bacterial population in humans.
3. In order to distinguish between viral and bacterial infections some GPs now use a rapid point-of-care (POC) test for levels of C-reactive protein (CRP). Explain the role of CRP in the immune response and its relevance to use in this test.
4. In a hospital setting, treatment with antibiotics is a risk factor for infection with Clostridium difficile. Explain why Clostridium difficile is commonly acquired in hospitals.

Explain, using calculations, the causal link between these three statements and briefly discuss whether there is any prospect of the UK regaining its ‘measles-free’ status in the next 5 years.

Question 6

1. The cytokine IFNγ is produced by Th1 cells. Outline three different functions of IFNγ in inflammation and/or the immune response.
2. Name one cytokine that is produced specifically by Th2 cells and state what effect it has on its target cell(s).
3. What advantage is there for the host in having two distinct patterns of immune response, controlled by Th1 and Th2 cells?

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Suppose that a publisher conducted a survey asking adult consumers the number of fiction paperback books they had purchased in the previous month. The results are summarized in the Table 2.83.

Table 2.83

1. Are there any outliers in the data? Use an appropriate numerical test involving the IQR to identify outliers, if any, and clearly state your conclusion.
2. If a data value is identified as an outlier, what should be done about it?
3. Are any data values further than two standard deviations away from the mean? In some situations, statisticians may use this criteria to identify data values that are unusual, compared to the other data values. (Note that this criteria is most appropriate to use for data that is mound-shaped and symmetric, rather than for skewed data.)
4. Do parts a and c of this problem give the same answer?
5. Examine the shape of the data. Which part, a or c, of this question gives a more appropriate result for this data?
6. Based on the shape of the data which is the most appropriate measure of center for this data: mean, median or mode?

In this service learning based project, you are expected to identify a local small business (for example, a grocery store) in your community, and apply your knowledge about IT and business to analyze the role of IT for this business, and develop an IT Plan for it. The plan would specify (at a high level) the key IT applications that the business should focus on, the underlying infrastructure technologies necessary to support these applications, how to go about achieving this (e.g., sequencing the introduction of major applications), whether services should be delivered via in-house resources or outsources, etc. Explain how the IT plan is consistent with (and whether it suggests changes to) the business needs, financial resources, competitive position etc.

You can assume that you are hired by a local small business company as an IT consultant. You are given 500-10,000 dollars to improve or setup its information systems. What is your Information System plan for the company?

A useful way to structure your research and project results is the following.

1. Introduce the context: the small business company introduction, its products, markets, and mission.

2. Discuss the problems with its current information processing abilities – analyze whether it is inadequate in satisfying computing requirements, misaligned with firm strategy, not cost effective etc.

3. Develop and justify your proposed IT strategy. What new technologies should be introduced? What applications would they support, and who would use them to do what differently?

4. Summary.