Questions
Topic: Challenges and solutions for addressing critical shortage of supply chain for personal and protective equipment...

Topic: Challenges and solutions for addressing critical shortage of supply chain for personal and protective equipment (PPE) arising from Coronavirus disease (COVID19) pandemic – Case study from the Republic of Ireland

INSTRUCTION

The article of Rowan & Laffey (2020) was published in Science of Total Environment (Elsevier) in 2020. Please read the article thoroughly.

  1. Summarize five (5) important points from the article’s abstract.
  2. Based on the article, construct your discussion on these sections:
    1. Introduction
    2. Bespoke manufacturing of PPE to meet identified shortage in PPE
    3. Challenges and solutions for addressing the reprocessing of single-use PPE

Attachment of the article on this link:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1nYKBhgUKx0AF_J5cRQMfMFdy4EiCqWVc/view?usp=sharing

In: Economics

1.Unearned Revenues are classified as a(n)  * Revenue Expense Current liability Current asset 2.Beng Company has 30,000...

1.Unearned Revenues are classified as a(n)  *

Revenue

Expense

Current liability

Current asset

2.Beng Company has 30,000 shares of $1 par common stock issued and outstanding. The company also has 5,000 shares of $100 par 5% noncumulative preferred stock outstanding. The company did not pay the preferred dividends in 2017, 2018 and 2019. On December 1, 2020, the company’s board of directors declared that $150,000 will be paid as dividend on January 17, 2021. What amount of dividends must the company pay the preferred shareholders? *

$100,000

$75,000

$50,000

$25,000

3.Beng Company has 30,000 shares of $1 par common stock issued and outstanding. The company also has 5,000 shares of $100 par 5% noncumulative preferred stock outstanding. The company did not pay the preferred dividends in 2017, 2018 and 2019. On December 1, 2020, the company’s board of directors declared that $150,000 will be paid as dividend on January 17, 2021. What amount of dividends would common stockholders earn?  *

$200,000

$150,000

$125,000

$100,000

4.A large stock dividend is defined as *

more than 20–25% of the corporation's issued stock

less than 30% but greater than 25% of the corporation's issued stock

between 50% and 100% of the corporation's issued stock

more than 30% of the corporation's issued stock

In: Accounting

Using the general principles of ordinary income, is income proceeds from selling the copyright to a...

Using the general principles of ordinary income, is income proceeds from selling the copyright to a book where the recipient was an employee accountant who wrote a novel in her spare time over a number of years, considered "ordinary" income in the hands of the receipient?

a.

This income represents income from a business and would be added to the tax calculation for the accountants employer.

b.

This income would not be considered 'ordinary income' in the hands of the receiptient.

c.

The income would be seen as trust income held by the individual until another book is written. If there is no further book within the next financial year the income would be seen as a capital asset.

d.

This is ordinary income in the hands of the receipient.

The Big Bang Company was set up by Ed, an Australian resident. It is incorporated in Singapore and has two directors who are resident in Singapore and who hold board meetings in Singapore. Each director has two shares in the Big Bang Company, which they hold on trust for Ed. The Big Bang Company owns real property, all of which is outside Australia, and makes its profits from commercial property leases on a large scale. Ed does not attend the board meetings in Singapore; however, the constitution of the Big Bang Company provides that the decisions of the directors are only effective if Ed concurs with them. The directors carry on all operational activities, such as collecting rent, paying commission, finding tenants, making minor repairs and maintaining the buildings. Is there any possible scenario in which the Big Bang Company could be considered a resident of Australia for tax purposes?

a.

The Big Bang Company is an Australian resident for tax purposes.

b.

The Big Bang Company is not an Australian resident however as Singapore has an extradition agreement with Australia a portion of the corporation's tax to the Singapore government will be forwarded to the Australian commonwealth govenment.

c.

The Big Bang Company is not an Australian resident for tax purposes.

d.

The Big Bang Company is now recognised as a tax paying entity in Australia and Ed will be taxed personally as an Australian resident with all money received by the corporation being attributed to him.

Ajay is a student from India who comes to Australia to study for a four-year bachelor degree in business. Ajay lives in rental accommodation near the university with fellow students and works part-time at the university social club as a barman. After six months, he has to withdraw from his studies and return to India because his father is ill. Is Ajay considered a resident of Australia?

a.

Ajay would be an Australian resident for tax purposes and pay tax on one third of his income.

b.

Ajay is not an Australian resident for tax purposes.

c.

Ajay is not an Australian resident for tax purposes however he will owe the Australian government all the tips he earned while working as a barman.

d.

Ajay would be an Australian resident for tax purposes.

Fred, an executive of a British corporation specialising in management consultancy, comes to Australia to set up a branch of his company. Although the length of his stay is not certain, he leases a residence in Melbourne for 12 months. His wife accompanies him on the trip but his teenage sons, having just commenced college, stay in London. Fred rents out the family home. Apart from the absence of his children, Fred’s daily behaviour is relatively similar to his behaviour before entering Australia. As well as the rent on the UK property, Fred earns interest from investments he has in France. Because of ill health Fred returns to the UK 11 months after arriving in Australia. Would Fred be an Australian resident for tax purposes?

a.

Fred would not be an Australian resident for tax purposes however part of the tax he will pay in the United Kingdom will be paid to the Australian Tax Office as part of a bi-lateral tax agreement.

b.

Fred would not be an Australian resident for tax purposes.

c.

Fred would be an Australian resident for tax purposes.

d.

Fred would be an Australian resident for tax purposes for half of his income

In: Accounting

Case study 6.1 Accounting for brands West Ltd is a leading company in the sale of...

Case study 6.1

Accounting for brands

West Ltd is a leading company in the sale of frozen and canned fish produce. These products are sold under two brand names. Fish caught in southern Australian waters are sold under the brand ‘Artic Fresh’, which is the brand the company developed when it commenced operations and which is still used today. Fish caught in the northern oceans are sold under the brand name ‘Tropical Taste’, the brand developed by Fishy Tales Ltd. West Ltd acquired all the assets and liabilities of Fishy Tales Ltd a number of years ago when it took over that company’s operations.

West Ltd has always marketed itself as operating in an environmentally responsible manner, and is an advocate of sustainable fishing. The public regards it as a dolphin-friendly company as a result of its previous campaigns to ensure dolphins are not affected by tuna fishing. The marketing manager of West Ltd has noted the efforts of the ship, the Steve Irwin, to disrupt and hopefully stop the efforts of whalers in the southern oceans and the publicity that this has received. He has recommended to the board of directors that West Ltd strengthen its environmentally responsible image by guaranteeing to repair any damage caused to the Steve Irwin as a result of attempts to disrupt the whalers. He believes that this action will increase West Ltd’s environmental reputation, adding to the company’s goodwill. He has told the board that such a guarantee will have no effect on West Ltd’s reported profitability. He has explained that, if any damage to the Steve Irwin occurs, West Ltd can capitalise the resulting repair costs to the carrying amounts of its brands, as such costs will have been incurred basically for marketing purposes. Accordingly, as the company’s net asset position will increase, and there will be no effect on the statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, this will be a win–win situation for everyone.

Required

The chairman of the board knows that the marketing manager is very effective at selling ideas but knows very little about accounting. The chairman has, therefore, asked you to provide him with a report advising the board on how the proposal should be accounted for under accounting standards and how such a proposal would affect West Ltd’s financial statements.

1. Accounting for the guarantee:

• Is there a liability? Legal or constructive? What is the past event? What obligation exists?

• Should it be recognised?

• How is it to be measured?

• Contingent liability?

Expect that a provision/contingent liability would need to be raised in relation to the guarantee. Measurement issues may lead to the need for a contingent liability.

2. Can costs be capitalised into brands?

• Note one brand is internally generated and one is acquired. The internally generated brand “Antartic Fresh” will not be recognised while “Tropical Taste” was acquired in a business combination. Accounting for internally generated brands differs from that for brands acquired in a business combination – explain.

• Extra outlays on the brand cannot be capitalised into an already existing brand as the outlays are generally to maintain the existing asset rather than increase the asset. Also, hard to distinguish the expenditure from that spent to develop the business as a whole.

• AASB 138 says that brands cannot be revalued as no active market exists.

• Can the outlay be related to the brand or is it internally generated goodwill: does it relate to the entity as a whole rather than a single asset? Cannot recognise internally generated goodwill.

• Expected result is that any outlays would need to be expensed.

3. Effects on financial statements:

• Liability? Provision?

• Contingent liability – notes only.

• Asset? No.

• Profit: expense relating to the guarantee provision?

Please help me analyze

In: Accounting

OJ Small Company needs a cash budget for the month of April 2020. The company's controller...

OJ Small Company needs a cash budget for the month of April 2020. The company's controller has provided you with the following information and assumptions:

A. The April 1, 2020 cash balance is expected to be $14,000.

B. All sales are on account. Credit sales are collected over a 3 month period -- 50 percent in the month of sale, 35 percent in the month following sale, and 15 percent in the second month following sale. Actual sales for Feb. and March were $100,000 and $90,000, respectively. April's sales are budgeted at $110,000

C. Investments in marketable securties are expected to be sold for $25,000 during the month of April.

D. The controller estimates that cash will be paid for direct materials totaling $35,400 during the month of April.

E. During April, direct labor costs are estimated to be $19,000

F. Manufacturing overhead is estimated to be $7,600. Further, the controller estimates aprox. 10 percent of the manufacturing overhead is depreciation on the factory building and equipment.

G. Selling and administrative expenses are budgeted at $22,000 for April. Of this amount, $7,000 is for deprecation

H. During April, OJ Small Company plans to buy a new delivery van costing $25,000. The company will pay cash for the van.

I. OJ Small Company owes $35,000 in income tax, which must be paid in April.

J. OJ Small Company must maintain a minimum cash balance of $10,000. To bolster the cash position as needed, an open line of credit is available from the bank. There is no current balance on the credit line. The amount of the credit line is limited to$100,000. (Ignore an interest to be paid on open balances.)

Instructions Prepare the following:

1. Create a schedule showing the calculations of cash collections for April( Show work)

2. Create a cash budget for the month of April. Indicate in the financing section any borrowing that will be necessary during the month.

In: Accounting

Please write in your own words and phrases. Tìm Johnson, CPA, is the senior in-charge on...

Please write in your own words and phrases.

Tìm Johnson, CPA, is the senior in-charge on an audit of a medium sized ($20M in assets) client, Dalton Enterprises, Inc. This client is a family owned and operated corporation. Mr. William Dalton (67 years old) is the president who micro-manages all aspects of the business except the finance area, which he leaves entirely to his son, Chauncy, who has been newly appointed as the VP of Finance. Chauncy, recently graduated with an MBA, and majoring in finance, is responsible for administering all the financial and accounting aspects of the business including the appointment of the auditors. Chauncy replaced Herb Castle who retired after thirty years with the organization. George Smerlas as controller reports directly to Chauncy. The audit report has never circulated outside the organization. The report provides a basis for the tax return which George prepares. It also provides Mr. Dalton with supplemental schedules including comparative aging schedules and a detail comparative listing along with the changes in all of the general ledger accounts. Mr. Dalton used the audit report, along with the management letter, for administrative control purposes. While analyzing the travel and entertainment expenditures, which were substantially ($20,000) higher than last year's amount, Tim noted that most of the increase was attributable to payments made on Chauncy's behalf. The supporting documentation for these expenditures were very sketchy and, in most cases, the only documentation was a check request initiated by Chauncy. All other T&E expenditures, including the modest payments on Mr. Dalton's behalf, were properly documented. When queried about this documentation problem, George acknowledged that the company's policy of having the immediate supervisor of the person requesting payment for T&E approve the voucher were circumvented here. But considering the circumstances, George was not concerned about the problem. When asked about the $25,000 travel advance due from Chauncy, George replied, "He signed your confirmation request acknowledging the amount due, didn't he?" Tim decided to discuss the problem of lack of approvals and documentation with Chauncy. Chauncy's response was to questions why the auditors would be skeptical of his honesty and motives here. He also stated that it was typical of "bean counters" to pursue areas that are of little significance, while ignoring areas where efficiency could be improved. He ended the interview by asking, "What are we paying you guys for anyhow?" All other audit areas and financial statement disclosures are deemed satisfactory.

What are the issues of internal control faced by the given firm? Suggest preventive and corrective measures to rectify the problem.

In: Accounting

A currency speculator expects the spot rate of Euros to change from $1.20 to $.80 in...

A currency speculator expects the spot rate of Euros to change from $1.20 to $.80 in one year. Assume the speculator has access to credit lines of USD 12,000,000 in the US and EUR 10,000,000 in Europe. The annual borrowing and lending rates are 6 percent in US and 8 percent in Europe. If his forecast turns out to be true, at the end of the one-year period, the speculator's expected profit will be?

In: Finance

In what way is health care a business? In what ways is it not? In what...

In what way is health care a business? In what ways is it not? In what way is the business case in health care different from organizations in other sectors of the US economy? Do you believe the business case for diversity and cultural competence in health care is strong enough that leadership in US health care provider organizations should make strategic diversity management and cultural competence a high priority? .

In: Operations Management

Individuals who are sole proprietors or who have formed single member LLCs report business income on...

Individuals who are sole proprietors or who have formed single member LLCs report business income on Schedule C of Form 1040.
Please use the IRS website as your source of research and provide us with information as to why sole proprietors would benefit from organizing their businesses as single member LLCs.
Please let us know if there are any disadvantages to this form of business organization.

In: Accounting

Astronomers have argued for long time, what it means that the universe is expanding. The observations...

Astronomers have argued for long time, what it means that the universe is expanding. The observations of redshift and supernova brightness all agree:galaxies that are further away from the Milky Way are moving away faster than than galaxies that are nearby us. But does this affect our lives on Earth? How does our knowledge of an expanding universe help us understand our place in the universe as people?

In: Physics