Write 4-5 paragraphs on the background of the Economic and cost issue of the opioid crises in the US. Please don't use everything from the internet, except for the data. Also, provide data source for this issue, with a graph.

Please address ONE main barrier (from YOUR point of view) that US health care system may encounter when trying to improve the population health. Please offer specific example/s.

provide a brief summary of the lessons that investors should learn from the Collapse of Banco Popular. Was the restructuring successful? Do you agree that US capital adequacy requirements are more stringent than European ones?

One of the interesting aspects of chemistry that affects us on a daily basis is the area of polymer chemistry. What are some of the products we use on a daily basis that is derived from this? Please explain in at least 150 words.

1. Explain the following developmental periods. Tell us what occurs during

   1. Implantation

   2. Gastrulation

   3. Neurulation

2. Name and explain the 3 parts of labor. Be sure to include that the placenta is composed of the __________ layer from the embryo and the mother’s __________________.

In a marketing campaign to increase lagging sales of their oatmeal raisin cookies, the Quaker Oats Company announced the "Raisin" the Roof Challenge, claiming that 30-ounce packages of their oatmeal raisin cookies contained on average more than 1200 raisins. Dedicated statistics students at Princeton University (no kidding) purchased randomly selected packages of Quaker Oats oatmeal raisin cookies and counted the number of raisins in each package. Some of their data are shown below:

1219 1214 1087 1200 1419 1121 1325 1345

1244 1258 1356 1132 1191 1270 1295 1135

The shape of the distribution of the number of raisins per package is approximately mound-shaped with very little skewness and no outliers.

We will use the above data to perform a hypothesis test to evaluate the Quaker Oats Company's claim.

Question 1. The null hypothesis is H₀: μ = 1200, where μ is the mean number of raisins per 30-ounce package. Select the alternative hypothesis from the choices below Note: 2 submissions ONLY.

a) In decision-making under uncertainty, explain why “expected utility” is preferred to “expected value” in consumer’s optimization. Describe a situation where maximizing “expected utility” and maximizing “expected value” are equivalent.

b) An individual has a utility function represented by ?(?) = √? , where I is her annual income in dollars.   

(i) Is this individual risk loving, risk neutral or risk averse?

(ii) Suppose this individual has a current disposable income of $90,000. Suppose that there is a one percent (1%) chance that her house may burn down, and if it does, the cost of repairing it will be $80,000, thereby reducing her disposable income to $10,000. Calculate the expected value (income) and expected utility for this individual.

(iii) The individual is offered insurance to protect against the possibility of a fire. What would be a fair insurance premium? If the individual takes up the insurance, what is the maximum amount she would be willing to pay for this insurance?

Consider a society of n people. Everybody has access to a common meadow. Each individual can choose either a high level of grazing on the meadow H or a low level of grazing L. If an individual chooses H, they receive a private benefit of b and impose a cost of c on each individual in society including themselves (i.e. a cost of c on individual 1, a cost of c on individual 2, etc.). If an individual chooses L, they receive a private benefit of a and impose no cost on anyone.

a. If b > a+c, what is the Nash equilibrium of this game? How about when b < a+c? Explain your reasoning.

b. Derive a condition under which a ban on high grazing would make everyone better off relative to the original Nash equilibrium of the game.

c. How does the condition in part (b) vary with the population size n? Explain the intuition behind this.

Facts:

A Big Company (ABC) is one of several corporations owned entirely by XYZ corporation. XYZ is publicly traded on a stock exchange. ABC makes an over-the-counter vitamin pill that has been very popular for many years.

ABC engaged the services of a marketing firm, SellALot, LLC, to market this diet pill. Mr. Bragger, the member of the LLC with whom the CEO of ABC directly dealt, had previously told many of SellALot’s clients that he worked for ABC. SellALot was the exclusive distributor for this vitamin pill in the US. Mr. Bragger is also a member of the Board of Directors of XYZ. SellALot has 4 other members of this LLC.

The CEO of ABC, Mr.Successful, was also on the board of XYZ. He and his partner, Counts Fingers (who was also Mr. Successful’s CPA) owned approximately 25% of the outstanding stock of XYZ. The general partnership was known as S and C Partnership (a limited partnership with Mr. Bragger as the only limited partner and the partner who provided the funds to buy the stock from Mr. Successful and Counts Fingers) actually owned this stock after Mr. Successful and Counts Fingers transferred the stock to the partnership.

Counts Fingers is also the Chief Financial Officer for Mega Bucks Bank which made the loan to Mr. Bragger- he used those loan proceeds to contribute to the S and C Partnership to buy the XYZ stock from Mr. Successful and Counts Fingers. Mr. Bragger is a member of the Board of Directors of Mega Bucks Bank.

ABC’s vitamin pill has recently been the subject of much attention and litigation. The pill has apparently caused many health problems with those who have taken it for more than a couple of weeks. Over 1,000 of those who took the pill for more than 4 weeks at a time have had heart valve replacement surgery and it appears that this surgery was necessitated by the vitamin pill which ABC makes. There is a class action lawsuit with more than one million class members who have been harmed in some fashion by this vitamin pill. The class action lawsuit filings have demanded 5 billion dollars in damages for all of these litigants.

XYZ is currently considering selling ABC to an investor (Private Equity, LLC.). You have been hired to determine how much money ABC might be worth and to assess the litigation exposure of ABC for this vitamin pill made by ABC.

Questions:

1. Describe the agency relationships of the business organizations and the individuals named in this fact situation and describe the duties of each to the other. (You only have to describe the duties once and then you can refer to this list with all of the other agency relationships you discuss) If the parties could be in more than one agency relationship, the be sure to include all of the possibilities in your response.

2. Explain the legal theory that would make XYZ liable for the ABC lawsuit.

   Would there be any viable defense to this liability claim against XYZ?

3. Describe and explain how SellALot, LLC, C and S Partnership,and Mega Bucks Bank would each be liable for the vitamin pill litigation.   

4. What is your recommendation to your client, Private Equity, LLC and why is this your recommendation?

For the US export subsidy program: Assuming an export subsidy is paid on a per unit basis for products sold outside of the US, other things equal, we would expect that

a) expected price of product in US would: Increase, Decrease, It Depends

b) expected quantity produced in US would: Increase, Decrease, It Depends

c) expected price of product outside of US would: Increase, Decrease, It Depends

d) expected quantity sold outside of US would: Increase, Decrease, It Depends