1) Locate an article about a subject that is of interest to you. It could pertain to a career issue, an academic issue, or a life issue. 2) Analyze the article and identify the audience the author intended to read it, as well as the situation that might have influenced its writing. 3) Evaluate the quality of the writing; propose how the author might have revised or proofread the the article to make it more readable and appropriate for the intended audience. 4) Share with your peers your response to the ideas expressed in the article. Do you agree? Disagree? Why? Why not?

Deterioration of buildings, bridges, and other structures through the rusting of iron costs millions of dollars every day. Although the actual process also requires water, a simplified equation (with rust shown as Fe2O3) is: 4 Fe(s) + 3 O2(g) → 2 Fe2O3(s) ΔHrxn = −1.65 × 103 kJ (a) What is the ΔHrxn when 0.250 kg of iron rusts? × 10 kJ (b) How much rust forms when 2.60 × 103 kJ of heat is released? × 10 g Fe2O3

1. The city of Gadsden, Alabama (where Noah’s parents live) is considering replacing one of the bridges that cross the Coosa River that runs through town. The primary benefits of replacing the current bridge are reductions in commute time, traffic, and better foot traffic safety for people walking across the bridge. The expected cost of the bridge is $8 million. The expected benefits from primary sources over the coming years are $4 million immediately, and $1 million each year over the next 4 years. Discuss the cost-benefit analysis associated with this project. Is it possible to improve the cost-benefit analysis? Is anything missing from it?. Should the city go forward with the project? Why or why not?

Bridges and Lloyd, an accounting firm, provides consulting and tax planning services. For many years, the firm's total administrative cost (currently $250,000) has been allocated to services on the basis of billable hours to clients. A recent analysis found that 65% of the firm's billable hours to clients resulted from tax planning services, while 35% resulted from consulting services.

The firm, contemplating a change to activity-based costing, has identified three components of administrative cost, as follows:

A recent analysis of staff support found a strong correlation between the number of staff personnel and the number of clients served (consulting, 20; tax planning, 60). In contrast, in-house computing and miscellaneous office cost varied directly with the number of computer hours logged and number of client transactions, respectively. Consulting consumed 30% of the firm's computer hours and had 20% of the total client transactions.

Assuming the use of activity-based costing, the proper percentage to use in allocating staff support costs to tax planning services is:

Multiple Choice

• 20%.

• 60%.

• 65%.

• 75%.

• 80%.

3. A telephone survey of university students was conducted to estimate the prevalence of respiratory disease in the student population. What type of study is this? (1 mark) a) Case-control b) Cohort c) Cross-sectional d) Longitudinal e) Cluster-randomised trial 3b. Could this study be affected by selection bias? If so, how? Answer in complete sentences. (1 mark) 3c. How would such bias affect the prevalence estimate? Answer in complete sentences. (1 mark)

We consider a randomized experiment, the Tennessee STAR experiment, where students and teachers are randomly assigned to either a small class (15 students) and a regular class (24 students).

We want to estimate the effect of smaller class in primary school and use the following linear model:
Score = β0 + β1ClassSize + Controls + u,
where Score is student’s academic score, Class Size is dummy for small class, and controls includes free lunch status, race, gender, teacher characteristics and so on.

However, you estimate the following model instead:
Score = α0 + α1ClassSize + v

A. Provide the conditions for the OLS estimator for α1 to be unbiased.
B. Provide the Gauss-Markov assumptions for the OLS estimator for α1.
C. Evaluate the sign and the magnitude of bias α1 if teacher’s experience has positive effect on score and more experienced teachers are more likely to be assigned to regular class.
D. Suppose that teachers and students are randomly assigned to either a small class (15 students) or a regular class. Compare α1 to β1.
E. How does the OLS estimator for β1 change as we additionally include parental characteristics as Controls?

You collect several thousand Drosophila melanogaster individuals from the UC Davis experimental orchard in Winters. Youuse1000 of these flies to establish a laboratory population, which you maintain at a census population size of 1000 each generation. You then establish from the remaining field-collected flies a series of replicated populations of size 10, 100, 200, and 500and maintain each at the starting size (10, 100, 200, 500) for several generations. After some time, you sequence each lab population.

a. If one plotted for each lab population, the frequency of each nucleotide variant vs. its true frequency in the UCD population, how would the correlations differ across lab populations?

b. Which lab populations do you think would provide the best estimate of the true UCD frequencies? Why?

c. Now imagine that one carried out the same type of correlation analysis of allele frequencies ,but instead of comparing each population to the true UCD frequencies you compare the allele frequency of the replicated populations to each other (e.g., the populations of size 10 are compared to one another, the populations of size 100 are compared to one another, etc.). How would the pairwise correlations of frequency vary from one population size to another?

d. What two aspects of the sampling of flies in this entire experiment would lead to allele frequency deviations from the true UCD frequencies for sites free of natural selection?

e. You measure sequence divergence between each lab population and the sibling species, Drosophila simulans. How will the expected divergence vary across replicated populations of different size? Why?

Consider a system of particles in a volume V and in equilibrium with a thermal bath at temperature T.
a) What is the assembly that represents the statistical properties of the system? Give the name of the assembly and define it.
b) If the microstates of the system are classically described by the ϕ phases in the Γ space. What is the probability density p(ϕ) of finding the system in the microstate phi?
c) Write the appropriate partition function to the system.
d) With which thermodynamic variable is this partition function directly related? Write the relationship between them.