State which separation technique (Gas Chromatography, Liquid Chromatography, Electrophoresis, Size Exclusion Chromatography) would be the best choice for each of the cases below and explain WHY? thank you!
a. Separation of volatile components found in a perfume and that result in its characteristic fragrance.
b. The determination of the molecular weight of a polymer that was synthesized by a   friend in a polymer synthesis lab. Fall 2017
c. The separation of a nonvolatile pollutant found in drinking water.
d. The separation of two similarly sized amino acids.
e. The separation of Albumin and Gamma-Globulin.
f. The separation of a mixture of elicit drugs.

State which separation technique (Gas Chromatography, Liquid Chromatography, Electrophoresis, Size Exclusion Chromatography) would be the best choice for each of the cases below and explain WHY? thank you!
a. Separation of volatile components found in a perfume and that result in its characteristic fragrance.
b. The determination of the molecular weight of a polymer that was synthesized by a   friend in a polymer synthesis lab. Fall 2017
c. The separation of a nonvolatile pollutant found in drinking water.
d. The separation of two similarly sized amino acids.
e. The separation of Albumin and Gamma-Globulin.
f. The separation of a mixture of elicit drugs.

Provide microbe examples of a

Photoautotroph

Chemoautotroph

Photoheterotroph

Chemoheterotroph

AND for each specific microbe example denote

a.Its source of energy

b.Its source of carbon (be VERY specific by naming the molecule)

c.What is its electron donor and (be VERY specific with example)

d.What is its electron acceptor? (be VERY specific by giving an example)

Using a specific bacteria, detail how bacteria can fix nitrogen (from the atmosphere) into the soil so that the world’s creatures (beginning with plants) can use the fixed nitrogen for the production of amino acids etc.

make a table for all of these

(This is BIOchemistry)

A patient who is diabetic decides to go on the beef jerky diet. She eats almost nothing other than beef jerky and similar dried meat products. She does drink plenty of water and gets vitamin supplements. Describe how her body reacts to the diet. Be sure to list any concerns you might have about the diet and the person's health. (This problem relates to chapters 22, Biosynthesis of amino acids, nucleotides, and related molecules; and chapter 23, hormonal regulation and integration of mammalian metabolism, from the Lehninger Biochemistry textbook).

What’s wrong with this?

1. During the fasting phase, the central nervous system is using glucose and amino acids for energy.

2. The chief substrate for gluconeogenesis during the fasting state is ketones.

3. Liver glycogen is highest during the starvation state.

4. Large amounts of ketones in the blood indicates metabolism of glucose.

5. The red blood cells need to always use glucose for energy because they do not contain a nucleus.

6. Red blood cells always make ATP via aerobic metabolism

7. Insulin levels are likely to be high during the postabsorptive phase.

8. The chief substrate for gluconeogenesis during the fasting state is glycerol from fat mobilization.

9. The largest loss of urinary nitrogen is associated with the post-absorption phase.

10. NADPH + H needed for fatty acid synthesis in the starvation phase.

11. The TCA cycle can best be described as catabolic.

12. Ketones are made from glucose.

13. During the starvation phase the primary substrate for gluconeogenesis is acetyl CoA.

14. The most gluconeogenic amino acid is leucine.

1) What is the shortest possible length of an mRNA molecule that corresponds to a polypeptide 10 amino acids long? For your answer just give me the number. E.g., "12" or "120." (Ignore the 5' cap and poly-A tail.)

2) How can the deletion of one nucleotide result in a longer polypeptide being made? Write out 2 examples of mRNA sequence (before and after the mutation) and its corresponding amino acid sequence (before and after the mutation) to show how this could happen.

3)In the metabolic pathway above, paraoxon is the most toxic compound. What change would likely lead to the greatest build-up of paraoxon in the body?

Group of answer choices

a) decrease in the amount of diethylphosphate and p-nitrophenol in the body.

b) nonsense mutation near the beginning of the gene that codes for cytochrome P450.

c) silent mutation in the gene that codes for paraoxonase.  

d) severe change in the shape of the active site of paraoxonase.

1. Two reactions involving L-amino acids and the values of their respective free-energy changes are as follows:

            Glutamate + pyruvate « a-ketoglutarate + alanine

                                                DG°‘ = -2.4 kcal/mol

            Glutamate + oxaloacetate « a-ketoglutarate + aspartate

                                                DG°‘ = -11.5 kcal/mol

            a) Write the overall reaction for production of alanine and oxaloacetate from aspartate and pyruvate.

            b) Show that under standard conditions the net formation of alanine and oxaloacetate from aspartate and pyruvate is thermodynamically unfavorable.

            c) Suppose that at 25 °C, the molar concentrations of reactants and products are as follows:

            [pyruvate] = [aspartate] = 10 ^-2 M

            [alanine] = 10^-4 M

            [oxaloacetate] = 10^-5 M

Is the spontaneous synthesis of alanine and oxaloacetate possible under these conditions?

Bacteria can carry out gluconeogenesis using components of the citric acid cycle or amino acids, but unlike mammals, they can generate glucose from acetate via the glyoxylate pathway. Because bacteria have no organelles, the enzymes of the citric acid cycle and the glyoxylate pathway are not compartmentalized. (a) Why is regulation of the glyoxylate pathway necessary in bacteria? (b) Studies show that bacterial isocitrate lyase is allosterically inhibited by high concentrations of phosphoenolpyruvate. Would you expect to see the inhibition of isocitrate lyase when bacteria are utilizing glucose as a sole carbon source? Why? (c) Would you expect the glyoxylate pathway to be more active than the citric acid cycle when bacteria are growing on acetate? Why? (d) Would you expect to find glucose-6-phosphatase in bacteria?

10.During protein degradation, a polypeptide chain is broken down into individual amino acids. Which of the following is false about this process?

a.It is an exergonic reaction.

b.The products have lower disorder than the reactants.

C.The products have lower free energy than the reactants

D.It is a catabolic process.

E.It is catalyzed by enzymes.

12.You quantitatively determine that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction has a ΔG of -8 kcal/mol. If you half the amount of enzyme in the reaction, what will be the ΔG of this reaction?

A.16 kcal/mol

B. -4 kcal/mol

C. 0 kcal/mol

D. 8 kcal/mol

E. -8 kcal/mol

18. Hemoglobin is a protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates. Carbon dioxide binds to hemoglobin at a distinct site from where oxygen binds. However, CO2 binding causes a conformational change in hemoglobin that decreases the protein’s binding affinity for O2. What kind of interaction does this describe?

A. catalyzed interaction

B. covalent binding

C. competitive interaction

D. irreversible interaction

E. allosteric interaction

19. Which of the following states the relevance of the first law of thermodynamics to biology?

A. Photosynthetic organisms produce energy in sugars from sunlight.

B. The total energy taken in by an organism must be greater than the total energy stored or released by the organism.

C. Living organisms must increase the entropy of their surroundings.

D. Energy is destroyed as glucose is broken down during cellular respiration.

E. Energy can be freely transformed among different forms as long as the total energy is conserved.

22. An artificial liposome (ie, a test-tube created vesicle), whose membrane contains no proteins and whose interior is filled with water is dropped into a beaker of 0.03 M sucrose solution (Note: Sucrose is a disaccharide). Which best describes what will quickly happen?

A. Sucrose will diffuse into the liposome.

B. The liposome will shrink as water leaves this vesicle.

C. Since there are no membrane proteins, nothing will cross the membrane.

D. Water will diffuse into the liposome, causing it to burst.

E. Sucrose will diffuse out of the liposome.

Prokaryotic DNA Pol III cannot catalyze nick translation. Why? a. It lacks 3'-5' exonuclease activity b. It lacks 5'-3' exonuclease activity c. It lacks 3'-5' endonuclease activity e. It lacks 5'-3' endonuclease activity e. none of the above

Which of the following enzyme activity enables DNA Pol I to edit its mistakes? a. 3'-5' exonuclease activity b. 5'-3' exonuclease activity c. 3'-5' endonuclease activity d. 5'-3' endonuclease activity e. none of the above

How is mRNA translated? a. 5' 3' direction b. 3' 5' direction c. amino-to-carboxyl direction d. carboxyl-to-amino direction e. none of the above

Which of the following processes is not a part of gene expression? a. replication b. transcription c. processing of mRNA d. translation e. none of the above