1) If you are a human resources manager and you randomly selected 5 job candidates to interview out of hundreds of equally-qualified candidates that applied for a job without replacement, what would be the standard error of the mean if the standard deviation is 1?

2) The U.S. Census Bureau announced that the population mean sales of houses was $322,100. Assume that the standard deviation of the prices is $90,000. If you select a sample size of 100, what’s the cumulative probability that the sample mean will be less than $346,000 for all possible house samples? (Tip: First find the Z value, then find the cumulative probability to determine the percentage)

What’s the cumulative probability according to the Z-table?

3) A survey manager wishes to find out the sample size that is needed at a particular confidence level. If the manager finds out that the ? = 20, what sample size is needed to estimate the mean within +/-5 with 95% (1.96) confidence?

Digital Privacy Essay
Background
In your textbook, the authors endorse privacy as a human right but also challenge its ability to maintain integrity and safety with the constant adoption and advancement of technologies.
Instructions

On this essay, you should analyse the future outlook of digital privacy, including topics such as personal

information and online security, based on academic resources and past real-life events. Whether you choose to write from an individual, organization or government perspective, consider positive and negative impacts and their consequences to the digital society.

Examples for topics would include privacy issues with maintaining a personal Facebook account, the deliberate release of sensitive information by WikiLeaks or even the espionage handled by the USA government on specific countries and organisations

4.Malaria is the deadliest human disease caused by any eukaryote, and as such, malaria parasites have profoundly affected human evolution and greatly impact the behaviour of modern humans.

a.Consider the allele for haemoglobin S (HbS), which is the altered haemoglobin molecule that results in sickle-cell anaemia when an individual is homozygous for the allele (HbSS).  Why does the allele for HbS persist in populations that live in regions where Plasmodium falciparum is prevalent?

Because the Plas

b.Which specific protein is at a very low frequency in populations of humans living in regions endemic for Plasmodium vivax (1 mark), and why is absence of the allele for this protein beneficial in terms of resistance to this parasite (1 mark)?

c.If malaria were globally eradicated next year, how would the frequency of the allele that codes for haemoglobin S, and the frequency of the allele that codes for that specific protein you mentioned in part b above, likely change over evolutionary time in areas that were formerly endemic for malaria?

HbS allele:

Allele that codes for protein mentioned in part b above:

d.Much optimism flows from the recent observation that bed nets are dramatically decreasing malaria prevalence in endemic regions of the world, especially Africa.  However, consider an individual living in a region endemic for malaria who has spent every evening of her first 19 years under a bed net.  On the day of her 19th birthday, the individual consumes too much beer at her friend’s house, forgets to apply insect repellent, and is now staggering home late at night.  What is one disadvantage of using bed nets as a means of avoiding P. falciparum-infected mosquitoes?

5.Coccidia are parasites of vertebrate mammals, and can be divided by life cycle into one-host coccidia, where all developmental stages occur in one host before oocysts are passed into the environment, and two-host coccidia, where parasites have exploited ecological features of predator and prey.

a.There are seven species of Eimeria that infect chickens, including the species that we covered in lecture, Eimeria tenella.  Why do you think that there are so many species of parasites in just one species of bird?

b.With regard to the infectiveness of oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cyclospora cayetanensis when they leave their host, what is the primary difference in the transmission of each species to another host?

c.Why do you think that a two-host coccidian such as Toxoplasma species evolved the requirement of an intermediate host, such as a mouse?

d.Felines are the definitive hosts for Toxoplasma species, and are the only hosts in which intestinal development of the parasite occurs.  However, development of Toxoplasma species, with resultant formation of cysts in the brain and muscles, occurs in felines as well.  Why do you think that Toxoplasma species develop tissue stages in felines?

e.You are a cattle farmer who owns five dogs.  Your herd of cattle is infected with an apicomplexan parasite, which is causing them to abort their calves at an alarming rate.  Your neighbour, Daxette Bärnstörmer, owns a cattle farm but does not have this problem, and you have noticed that she does not own any dogs.  What is the genus name of this parasite (1 mark), and how might you ensure that your cattle do not become infected with this parasite in the future (1 mark)?

9.Male gametocytes of malaria parasites differentiate in the midgut of mosquitoes to each form exactly eight male gametes.  What would you predict as the sex ratio of female gametocytes to male gametocytes in the bloodstream of humans?

A.silly Todd, gametocytes are not found in human blood!

B.there would be many more female gametocytes than male gametocytes

C.there would be equal numbers of female gametocytes and male gametocytes

D.there would be many fewer female gametocytes than male gametocytes

A sample of human brain volumes ​(cm3​) is given below. Use the given data values to identify the corresponding z scores that are used for a normal quantile​ plot, then identify the coordinates of each point in the normal quantile plot. Construct the normal quantile​ plot, then determine whether the data appear to be from a population with a normal distribution.

List the z scores for the normal quantile plot.

A sample of human brain volumes ​(cm3​) is given below. Use the given data values to identify the corresponding z scores that are used for a normal quantile​ plot, then identify the coordinates of each point in the normal quantile plot. Construct the normal quantile​ plot, then determine whether the data appear to be from a population with a normal distribution.

List the z scores for the normal quantile plot.

Lester Hollar is vice president for human resources for a large manufacturing company. In recent years, he has noticed an increase in absenteeism that he thinks is related to the general health of the employees. Four years ago, in an attempt to improve the situation, he began a fitness program in which employees exercise during their lunch hour. To evaluate the program, he selected a random sample of eight participants and found the number of days each was absent in the six months before the exercise program began and in the six months following the exercise program. Below are the results.

Click here for the Excel Data File

At the 0.025 significance level, can he conclude that the number of absences has declined? Estimate the p-value.

1. State the decision rule for 0.025 significance level. (Round your answer to 3 decimal places.)

2. Compute the test statistic. (Round your answer to 3 decimal places.)

3. The p-value is

• Between 0.025 and 0.05

• Between 0.001 and 0.005

• Between 0.005 and 0.01

4. State your decision about the null hypothesis.

Some researchers claim that herbal supplements such as ginseng or ginkgo biloba enhance human memory. To test this claim, a researcher selects a sample of n = 36 college students. Each student is given a ginkgo biloba supplement daily for six weeks, and then all the participants are given a standardized memory task. For the population, scores on the test are normally distributed with µ = 70. The sample of n = 36 students had a mean score of M = 75 and a standard deviation of s = 10. Can we conclude that the herb has a significant effect on memory? Use a two-tailed test with α = 0.01.

What type of statistical test is appropriate for this research question?

State the null and alternative hypotheses using statistical notation OR using plain English (a sentence for each)

What are the degrees of freedom and critical values for this test?

Calculate the test statistic

What is your decision? And what does that decision mean, or how would you interpret/explain your decision?

Compute Cohen’s d. How would you describe the size of the effect

1. Why is it that lethal recessive alleles remain in the human gene pool, rather than just disappearing because of their unfavorable phenotype for homozygous recessives?

2. Scenario: A sudden flood of a large area around the Mississippi River occurs. In some local populations of a species of insects, there is greater buoyancy and survival of some individuals due to having the double recessive genotype of a gene that allowed them to accumulate more lipids to float. A year after the flood, the same and displaced local populations of the insects were reduced in size and all biased in allele frequencies toward greater frequency of the recessive allele compared to the original population’s allelic frequencies. Which of the forces that affect populations seems to have had the strongest effect?

3. Do you think the National Park Service made the correct decision not to permit a genetic rescue of the Isle Royale wolves in 2015, or should new individuals be introduced? Provide reasoning for your answer (as a biologist).