Talk to me ~ Fear of public speaking is a common experience across many human cultures. To help people overcome this fear, researchers developed an internet-based telepsychology program for the treatment of this common social phobia. They recruit 44 people who meet a particular social phobia criterion to participate in a study and randomly assign them to either participate in the telepsychology program or to an in-person program with a therapist. At the end of the program, participants are evaluated and are considered "improved" if they no longer meet the social phobia criterion. Results from one iteration of the study are shown in the table below.

Round all numeric answers to four decimal places.

1. Calculate the observed difference in the proportion of participants in the telepsychology program and the in-person program that showed improvement, p^1−p^2p^1−p^2

2. Researchers want to determine if there is a difference in results between the two programs, that is, is the telepsychology program better than the in-person program or vice versa? Or, are the two programs roughly the same? Choose the null and alternative hypotheses that are appropriate to test this research question.
A.
H0H0: There is no difference in the two treatment programs. The observed difference in p^1−p^2p^1−p^2 is due to chance.
HAHA: There is a difference in the two treatment programs. The observed difference in p^1−p^2p^1−p^2 is not due to chance.
B.
H0H0: There is no difference in the two treatment programs. The observed difference in p^1−p^2p^1−p^2 is not due to chance.
HAHA: There is a difference in the two treatment programs. The observed difference in p^1−p^2p^1−p^2 is due to chance.
C.
H0H0: There is a difference in the two treatment programs. The observed difference in p^1−p^2p^1−p^2 is not due to chance.
HAHA: There is no difference in the two treatment programs. The observed difference in p^1−p^2p^1−p^2 is due to chance.
D.
H0H0: There is a difference in the two treatment programs. The observed difference in p^1−p^2p^1−p^2 is due to chance.
HAHA: There is no difference in the two treatment programs. The observed difference in p^1−p^2p^1−p^2 is not due to chance.

3. The paragraph below describes the set up for a randomization technique, if we were to do it without using statistical software. Select an answer by choosing an option from the pull down list or by filling in an answer in each blank in the paragraph below:

To setup a simulation for this situation, we let each person be represented with a card. We write Telepsychology on __________ cards and In-person on ________ cards. Then, we shuffle these cards and split them into two groups: one group of size _________ representing those who improved, and another group of size ________representing those who did not improve. We calculate the difference in the proportion of participants in the telepsychology program and the in-person program, p^1,sim−p^2,simp^1,sim−p^2,sim. We repeat this many times to build a distribution centered at the expected difference of ___________ .
Lastly, we calculate the fraction of simulations where the simulated differences in proportions are (lessthan/greater/beyond) ? less than greater than beyond  the observed difference.

piercings and tattoos. A Harris Interactive survey of 514 human resources professionals showed that 46% of them say that piercings or tattoos are big grooming red flags. The margin of error for the survey was 4 percentage points.

A. Based on the given information, state what you think was the goal of the study. Identify a possible population and the population parameter of interest.

B. Briefly describe the sample, raw data, and sample statistic for the study.

C. Based on the sample statistic and the margin of error, identify the range of values (confidence interval) likely to contain the population parameter of interest.

Assume that due to some human resources problems, Frostburg Wires has to reduce the capacity of one of its four working stations by 1500 hours. Which working station can Frostburg Wires choose in order to minimize the impact of this change on its profit? USE EXCEL SOLVER

HERE IS ORGINIAL SCENARIO:

Outline the various approaches for the allocation of scarce human organs for transplantation. Which one do you believe is the most fair? Use factual evidence and/or research to defend your choice.

Do you believe that people should be compensated for offering their organs for transplantation? Should the families of deceased donors be entitled to compensation, or only living donors? What kind of incentives could be offered to encourage people to donate their organs in lieu of cash?

Outline the opposing viewpoints related to human stem cell research. Discuss your own personal views related to stem cell research, using factual evidence and/or research to defend your position.

What would you do if you knew that a patient suffering from cancer was part of a control group of research patients who were not receiving a drug that could benefit them? Use factual evidence and/or research to defend your position.

Conduct a search of whistleblowing cases in the healthcare field. Choose one of the cases and summarize the facts and the outcome. Do you feel that the person who reported the wrongdoing (the whistleblower) was justified in doing so? Why or why not? Do you agree with the outcome of the case? Why or why not? Use facts and legal support for your position.

1. Which vector would be best suited for constructing a human genomic library with the largest sized insect fragment?

a) Plasmid b) T4 phage   c) Lamda phage   d) YAC e) BAC

2. Successfully cloning an insert into a vector results in the production of a recombinant molecule. Name three enzymes that are commonly required for high efficiency of cloning.

3. A trait that is expressed in only one sex even though the trait may not be sex linked is reffered to as __________ inheritance.

4. Restriction endonucleases naturally occur in bacteria. A)What is the natural (biological/biochemical) function of restriction endonucleases? B) How do bacteria avoid the effects of restriction endonucleases?

Choose a human virus (not HIV or Flu) that causes permanent and long lasting symptoms. Create a comprehensive presentation (2-3 paragraphs) including at least the following:

Describe the virus agent- what does it look like? Include an image if possible.

Describe how the virus enters the body (if it enters)

Describe the affects of the virus.

Describe the signs and symptoms of the virus.

What are the long-lasting affects of the virus?

Please no handwritten or picture responses - only typed answers.

3.4 - Two laboratory procedures for determining the amylase level in human body fluids are compared. The new

method is less expensive than the existing method, but may give different results. To compare, both methods

are used on each of 10 subjects, with the following results (amylase level in units per millilitre):

a) Explain why the results should be analysed as paired data.

b) Do the methods significantly for the level of amylase determined?

Carry out a hypothesis test (including all the steps) and write your conclusion in plain English. Use a significance level of 10%.

c) Calculate a 90% confidence interval for the difference in amylase level for the two methods. Based on your hypothesis test result, did you expect to find 0 in the interval? Explain

(Show all working out and dont use technology (ie. spss or excel))

There is growing scientific research that human activity is leading to global climate change. Auto emission and burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide other gasses into the air and scientists warn about the “greenhouse effect” and warming temperatures and reduced air quality.

Define and explain how the concepts of external cost or externalities, social cost and private costs apply to the analysis of this issue.

Should the government impose a higher tax on the price per gallon of gasoline to shift the external cost on to purchasers and reduce also reduce demand and consumption?

A screening examination was performed on 250 persons for human papilloma virus (HPV), which is found in cervical cancer. A definitive diagnosis for cervical cancer among the 250 subjects had been obtain previously. There were 60 subject who tested positive for HPV who also had cervical cancer, 40 subjects who tested positive for HPV but did not have cervical cancer. There were 10 subjects who tested negative for HPV, but had cervical cancer and 140 subjects who tested negative for HPV, who did not have cervical cancer. (Hint: create a 2 X 2 table). The specificity of this test is expressed as: I need the "specificity" of this test

The human body generates heat by the metabolism of carbohydrates and other food materials. Metabolism provides energy for al biological activities. The metabolic process also generates heat, and there are special cells in the body whose main function is heat generation. Now let us assume that our friend Joe BlueHen ingests 1 L of ice, which he allows to melt in his mouth before swallowing.

a) How much energy is required to melt the ice and warm the water to the body temperature?

b) If 1 g of fat when metabolized releases approximately 42 kJ of energy, how much fat will Joe burn by ingesting the water?

c) Suppose that instead of ice, Joe drank 1 L of water at 0 degrees Celsius. How would the answers to parts a and b change?