you may not use the Python ord() or chr() functions

you may not use the Python ord() or chr() functions

you may not use the Python ord() or chr() functions

You will write a total of four functions, each of which will take two inputs and return a string:

1. c_encrypt()
2. c_decrypt()
3. vig_encrypt()
4. vig_decrypt()

The first argument will be a string containing the plaintext (or clear text) message to be encrypted for the two encrypt functions, and a string containing a ciphertext to be decrypted. The second argument will be the key.

For this assignment, you will always leave all characters in plaintext or ciphertext that are not letters (i.e., spaces and punctuation marks) unchanged.

Plaintext message letters may be either upper or lower case, but you should output only upper case ciphertext.

Remember the string function upper() you used in lab.

Note that you are writing two functions for each cryptosystem, an encrypt and a decrypt, so one partial test of the correctness of your work is whether first encrypting and then decrypting returns the original string (except that you may have converted some lower case letters to upper case).

Caesar Cipher

Caesar part of the homework: Write c_encrypt() and c_decrypt(), both of which take two arguments, the first one a string and the second one an integer key.

Both should return a string.

This will be much easier if both functions use the cencrypt() shift function you wrote for the lab.

As with the lab, you may not use the Python ord() or chr() functions

Vigenère Cipher

The Vigenère Cipher was more or less completely unbreakable from its introduction sometime in the 1500s until well into the 1800s.

The key in Vigenère is a key word that is used over and over again to give a different key to the Caesar cipher for each letter of the encryption (and decryption), with 'A', in good Python form, representing a rotation of 0. (We Pythonistas start at 0, not 1!)

So if the key is ABACUS, then we encrypt:

• the first letter of our message with a Caesar cipher with a key/rotation of 0, because A is the first letter of the alphabet,
• the second letter with a key/rotation of 1 (for the 'B'),
• the third letter with a rotation of 0 (for the second 'A' of ABACUS),
• the fourth letter with a key/rotation of 2 for the 'C',
• the fifth letter with a key/rotation of 20 for the 'U',
• the sixth letter with a key/rotation of 18 for the 'S',
• and wrap back to the start of our keyword ABACUS and encrypt the seventh letter with a key/rotation of 0 for the first 'A' in ABACUS

Back in the 1800s people wanting to use this system would make use of a Vigenère square, also known as the tabula recta, shown in the middle of the Wikipedia entry for the Vigenère cipher, but we can use Python.

Vigenère part of the homework: Write vig_encrypt() and vig_decrypt() functions. Each takes two strings as inputs, with the first being the plaintext/ciphertext, and the second being the key. Both should be calling functions you wrote earlier to help make the work easier.

The key will be a string consisting only of letters, but the letters might be in upper, lower, or mixed case. Important: If the plaintext to be encrypted has non-alphabetic characters (e.g., spaces or punctuation):

• Leave the non-alphabetic character unchanged just as you did for Caesar Cipher.
• Do not advance in use of the key for non-alphabetic characters in the plaintext. So for vig_encrypt('Hi Mom!', 'LEMON'), the H is encrypted according to the L from the key, the i (after conversion to I) is encrypted according to the E in the key, and the M in the plaintext is encrypted according to the M in the key (rather than according to the O in the key).

One check on your work: vig_encrypt('ATTACKATDAWN', 'LEMON') should return the string LXFOPVEFRNHR; another is that vig_encrypt('Hi Mom!', 'LEMON') should return the string SM YCZ!

you may not use the Python ord() or chr() functions

you may not use the Python ord() or chr() functions

you may not use the Python ord() or chr() functions

Molly’s Home Cooking, a regional restaurant with locations in three small Southern towns, one of which is a college town, specializes in comfort foods and regional specialties. Two of the restaurants have been open for over five years. The Molly’s located in the college town opened in May 2018. The restaurants are either freestanding near other businesses or in a strip shopping/eating area. With a menu consisting of all fresh, cooked-to-order foods, Molly’s features different items daily and serves traditional Southern desserts. Some of the menu items include meatloaf, turkey cranberry salad, specialty sandwiches, salad options, barbecued beef, and fresh pecan pie. While open for lunch and dinner daily, Molly’s also offers breakfast, featuring homemade biscuits, on weekends. On the drink menu, customers will find tea, coffee, soda, and water. A couple of beers and wines are on the menu, but Molly’s does not want to be thought of as a bar. The restaurant also caters special events such as weddings and business lunches and sells boxed meals (barbecue) that feed four to six people for outdoor events such as tailgates.

Menu items are reasonably priced, but are more expensive than many fast food restaurants, while less expensive than most “sit down” restaurants. Each restaurant has the same setup, where customers place and pay for their orders at the front counter and then get glasses for drinks. They fill their own drinks and get their silverware and napkins at the back of the restaurant. Customers select their own tables and servers bring food to the table. If ordered, desserts are brought to the table at the end of the meal so that it may be served hot and with ice cream or whipped cream, if preferred. Customers may add desserts at the end of the meal and pay at the counter when finished eating. If customers prefer take-out orders, they may call in advance and pick up the order. Servers let them know how long it will take for the order to be ready.

Prior to opening a restaurant, the owners have a week of “test and training” days where they invite people from local communities for lunch or dinner. For example, they may offer local businesspeople a free lunch or invite owners from other surrounding businesses to bring their families. For the Molly’s in the college town, the owners and employees extended lunch invitations to several faculty, staff, and students and asked them each to invite a few guests. Molly’s wants to introduce members from each target market to the delicious foods on their menus. Not only does this strategy generate brand awareness, but it also creates word-of-mouth and positive public relations.

With regard to promotion, Molly’s Home Cooking, like many other small businesses, has a limited promotion budget. They use social media, primarily Facebook, where they promote daily specials. For the restaurant located in the college town (about a mile from campus), Molly’s placed an advertisement in the university’s student newspaper early in the fall semester. They also placed signs in front of the restaurant to attract visitors.

Molly’s has many repeat customers at each established restaurant. Those restaurants also attract consumers who are traveling or sightseeing in nearby areas. The newest Molly’s in the college town opened right before the majority of students went home for summer internships. Many faculty do not teach in the summer, so the town becomes very quiet during the summer months. Molly’s Home Cooking wants to increase awareness, get more repeat customers, and increase profits.

1. For Molly’s Home Cooking in the college town, what promotion strategies do you recommend to attract faculty, staff, and students from the university?

2. Without spending much on promotion or changing menu prices, how can Molly’s generate loyal customers in established markets and in the college town?

3. Other than running one ad in the student newspaper, Molly’s has the same setup, menus, prices, and promotion (Facebook page) in each market. Given that Molly’s has a very limited budget, should the restaurant change anything for different target markets (e.g., travelers, families, local businesses, college population)?

ECO Vietnam is planning to improve the transportation to Gia Bic Village by providing more ecofriendly option. The current fuel powered bus has been used for the past 4 years and was originally planned to be used for 10 years. It costed $1,000,000 to acquire, and was being depreciated straightline over 8 year period. However, it was found that the fuel powered bus began to emit black CO2 gases, and would violate their mission and vision as an ecotourism provider. The company would therefore like to investigate two mutually exclusive projects in order to replace the fuel powered bus. One option is an electric bus and another option is a hybrid electric bus. Both should be able to fit around 40 ecotourists. They have already conducted and paid $20,000 for an assessment of the potential of using electric and hybrid electric buses in ecotourism operations. The board of directors usually would like to gain back the investment amount within 5 years. The current fuel powered bus can be sold to another tourism operator at a salvage value of $170,000 if a new bus is acquired. The current corporate tax rate is 20%.

A new electric bus for use in protect areas cost $6,500,000, while the charging station for the bus costs $5,000 including installation. The firm’s financing costs are $32,000 per year. Administrative and legal fees associated with the capital acquisition are expected to be $9,000 and $4,000, respectively. The economic life of the investment is 7 years and will depreciate straight-line to a zero value over 10 years. Management team expects the electric bus can be sold after 7 years at a price of $2,000,000. ECO Vietnam expects the electronic bus will reduce fuel expenses by $980,000 annually, with additional revenues of $75,000 per year. Hopefully, with the word-of-mouth, more ecotourist will be attracted to visit this village, and should bring in 11% growth in revenues per year. Electricity fees initially are $80,000 and are expected to grow at 3% each year. To support the use of environmentally friendly transportation, the government will subsidize $50,000 annually for the first 5 years to companies not using fuel-powered buses.

The other option, a second hand hybrid electric bus costs $2,800,000, including maintenance fees. Administrative and legal fees associated with this acquisition are expected to be $5,000 and $8,000, respectively. The economic life of the investment is 5 years and will depreciate on a five-year MACRS to a salvage value of $0. Management team expects the hybrid electric bus can be salvaged at the end of it’s economic life at price of $280,000. ECO Vietnam believes fuel expenses will be reduced by $670,000 annually, with a 3% decrease in savings per year as the battery becomes less efficient.

Additional revenues will be the same as the electric bus of $75,000 per year, with a 11% growth in revenues per year. Electricity fees start at $15,000 and are expected to grow at 3% each year. For this kind of hybrid bus, additional spare parts of $5,000 will need to be prepared immediately, and accounts payable will increase about $3,000 annually once the bus is in use.

Currently ECO Vietnam has 20,000 zero coupon bonds with 10 year maturity, selling for 40% of the par value, 1,500,000 share of common stock, selling for $18 per share, with a beta of 1.3. Market risk premium is 6.50%, and the risk-free rate is 1.25%. The bus project is a little bit less risky than the company’s usual projects, so ECO Vietnam determined to apply an adjusted factor of -3% to the cost of capital. Given the above information about the projects and the cost of capital for ECO Vietnam, do all the calculations that are necessary in order to make a value creating decision. The general format is up to you, as long as all the components for making such decision are present. You should focus on using the right methods, rather than on getting the right answer.

Explain your recommendation to the board of directors

Customer Profitability Score

Exercise:

If the average annual cost per customer of a software house is $1592, customer A generates a profit of $365, and Customer B generates a profit of $1425. Calculate the CPS and compare the results.

Please type your answer below.

       Search Engine Rankings (by keyword) and
       click-through rate

Why is this indicator important?

Along with page views and bounce rates (see KPI on page 155), search engine rankings (by keyword) and click-through rate are among a number of metrics that are used in website traffic analytics for assessing the effectiveness of an organisation’s internet strategy in attracting and gaining value from visitors.

Search engine rankings (by keyword) is simply a measure of website ranking based on relevant keywords. Unlike web directories, which are maintained by human editors, search engines operate algorithmically or are a mixture of algorithmically and human input.

The goal of achieving a high search engine ranking is to increase website visits. Sinply put, the higher the ranking the greater the likelihood that a person browsing the web (a searcher) will visit your site (obviously they are more likely to look at a website that appears on the first page than at one that appears on page 9 or 10 – see Tips/warnings). This is called the click-through rate (CTR), which simply means the percentage of time that a searcher clicks on a website displayed in their search results versus a different site. CTRs are impacted significantly by the search engine ranking for a particular keyword. At present, the most dominant search engine worldwide is Google.

How do I measure it?

Data collection method

The online collection of rankings from search engines, such as Google.

Formula

A search engine ranking is simply a website’s position on the search engine ranking. Consider the following as an example of measuring a click-through rate. A reported in the book The Small Business Owner’s Handbook to Search Engine Optimization (see References), a site that has earned a Google ranking of number one for a particular keyword produces a Google click-through rate of 42% versus the site that is ranked number 10, which produces a meager 6.06% ctr.

Example

This example comes from www.SEbook.com (see References) for predicting an increase in online sales for each keyword. For example say an organisation scored a Google website ranking of number one for a keyword that, according to the SEOBook.com Keyword Selector Tool (which provides a list of up to 15 of the most popular search queries for each word you enter), was searched on 100 times per day in Google. The site ranking number one would

       Search Engine Rankings (by keyword) and
       click-through rate

receive a Google CTR of approximately 40%. This would translate into 40 visits to the website each day (100 searches x 40% CTR = 40 visits), or 1,200 visits per month.

Now we will convert the 1,200 visits into dollars. For this we will assume that the website delivers the average 2-4% conversion rate (sales from visits). This means that the 1,200 visits should produce approximately 24 to 48 orders per month (1,200 unique visitors x 2-4% = 24 to 48). We will also assume that your average online order is approximately %50. We will also assume that your average online order is approximately %50. Therefore, a single keyword with a Google website ranking of number one could drive between $1,200 and $2,400 of online sales for your business each month, or $14,400 to $28,800 annually.

Exercise:

Answer the following question.

1.         What is the difference between organic click-through rate and inorganic click-through rate?

Please type your answer below.

2.         How is click through rate linked to Search Engine Optimization?

Please type your answer below.

3.         How can organic click through rate be improved?

Please type your answer below.

Please fix these errors C++

In file included from main.cpp:14:0:
Inventory.h:1:0: error: unterminated #ifndef
 #ifndef INVENTORY_H_
 
main.cpp: In function ‘int main()’:
main.cpp:82:35: error: ‘adds’ was not declared in this scope
                    noun= adds(noun);
                                   ^
main.cpp:88:32: error: ‘display’ was not declared in this scope
                    display(noun);
                                ^
In file included from Inventory.cpp:4:0:
Inventory.h:1:0: error: unterminated #ifndef
 #ifndef INVENTORY_H_

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

CODE: main.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include "Inventory.h"

using namespace std;

int main()
{
Node * noun=NULL;
Node * verb=NULL;
int choice=0;
while(choice!=8)
{
cout<<"1. Push Noun\n";
cout<<"2. Pop Noun\n";
cout<<"3. Push Verb\n";
cout<<"4. Pop Verb\n";
cout<<"5. Concatenate\n";
cout<<"6. Add an s\n";
cout<<"7. Display Both Stacks\n";
cout<<"8. Exit\n";
cout<<"Enter your choice: ";
cin>>choice;
switch(choice)
{
case 1:
{
cout<<"Enter a noun: ";
string n;
cin>>n;
noun = push(noun,n);

  
}
break;
case 2:
{
cout<<"NOUN POPPED: ";
Node * t = pop(&noun);
if(t!=NULL)
cout<<t->data<<endl;
}
break;
case 3:
{
cout<<"Enter a verb: ";
string n;
cin>>n;
verb = push(verb,n);
  
}
break;
case 4:
{
cout<<"Verb POPPED: ";
Node * t = pop(&verb);
if(t!=NULL)
cout<<t->data<<endl;
}
break;
case 5: {
cout<<"Top two words on noun stack concatenated\n";
noun = concat(noun);
  
}
break;
case 6:
  
{
cout<<"Add s to the top word on noun stack\n";
noun = adds(noun);
}
break;
case 7:
{
cout<<"NOUN STACK\n";
display(noun);
cout<<"VERB STACK\n";
display(verb);
  
}
case 8:
{
}
break;
default: cout<<"Enter a valid choice\n";
  
}
}
return 0;
}

CODE: Inventory.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include "Inventory.h"

using namespace std;

//display
void display(Node * head)
{
if(head==NULL)
{
  
return;
}
vector<string> stack;
Node * cur = head;
  
while(cur!=NULL)
{
stack.push_back(cur->data);
cur=cur->next;
}
for(int i = stack.size()-1;i>=0;--i)
{
cout<<stack.at(i)<<" ";
}
cout<<endl;
}

Node * adds(Node *head)
{
Node * top1 = pop(&head);
if(top1!=NULL)
{
//add s
string sol= top1->data + "s";
head=push(head,sol);
}
return head;
}

CODE: inventory.h

#ifndef INVENTORY_H_
#define INVENTORY_H_
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

class Node
{
public:
string data;
Node * next;
Node()
{
data="";
next=NULL;
}
Node(string data)
{
data=data;
next=NULL;
}
};

Node * push(Node * head, string data)
{
if(head==NULL)
{
head=new Node();
head->data=data;
return head;
}
Node * cur = head;
while(cur->next!=NULL)
{
cur=cur->next;
}
Node * temp = new Node();
temp->data=data;
cur->next=temp;
return head;
}

Node * pop(Node ** h)
{
Node * head = *h;
if(head==NULL)
return NULL;
if(head->next==NULL)
{
  
Node * temp = head;
*h = NULL;
return temp;
}
Node * cur = head;
Node * prev = head;
  
while(cur->next!=NULL)
{
prev=cur;
cur=cur->next;
}
prev->next=NULL;

return cur;
}

Node * concat(Node * head)
{
Node * top1 = pop(&head);
Node * top2 = pop(&head);
  
if(top1!=NULL && top2!=NULL)
{
string solution = top1->data + top2->data;
head= push(head,solution);
  
}
return head;
}

Prompt the user to enter a string of their choosing. Store the text in a string. Output the string. (1 pt)

Ex:

Enter a sample text:
we'll continue our quest in space.  there will be more shuttle flights and more shuttle crews and,  yes;  more volunteers, more civilians,  more teachers in space.  nothing ends here;  our hopes and our journeys continue!

You entered: we'll continue our quest in space.  there will be more shuttle flights and more shuttle crews and,  yes;  more volunteers, more civilians,  more teachers in space.  nothing ends here;  our hopes and our journeys continue!

(2) Implement a print_menu() function, which has a string as a parameter, outputs a menu of user options for analyzing/editing the string, and returns the user's entered menu option and the sample text string (which can be edited inside the print_menu() function). Each option is represented by a single character.

If an invalid character is entered, continue to prompt for a valid choice. Hint: Implement the Quit menu option before implementing other options. Call print_menu() in the main section of your code. Continue to call print_menu() until the user enters q to Quit. (3 pts)

Ex:

MENU
c - Number of non-whitespace characters
w - Number of words
f - Fix capitalization
r - Replace punctuation
s - Shorten spaces
q - Quit

Choose an option:

(3) Implement the get_num_of_non_WS_characters() function. get_num_of_non_WS_characters() has a string parameter and returns the number of characters in the string, excluding all whitespace. Call get_num_of_non_WS_characters() in the print_menu() function. (4 pts)

Ex:

Number of non-whitespace characters: 181

(4) Implement the get_num_of_words() function. get_num_of_words() has a string parameter and returns the number of words in the string. Hint: Words end when a space is reached except for the last word in a sentence. Call get_num_of_words() in the print_menu() function. (3 pts)

Ex:

Number of words: 35

(5) Implement the fix_capitalization() function. fix_capitalization() has a string parameter and returns an updated string, where lowercase letters at the beginning of sentences are replaced with uppercase letters. fix_capitalization() also returns the number of letters that have been capitalized. Call fix_capitalization() in the print_menu() function, and then output the the edited string followed by the number of letters capitalized. Hint 1: Look up and use Python functions .islower() and .upper() to complete this task. Hint 2: Create an empty string and use string concatenation to make edits to the string. (3 pts)

Ex:

Number of letters capitalized: 3
Edited text: We'll continue our quest in space.  There will be more shuttle flights and more shuttle crews and,  yes;  more volunteers, more civilians,  more teachers in space.  Nothing ends here;  our hopes and our journeys continue!

(6) Implement the replace_punctuation() function. replace_punctuation() has a string parameter and two keyword argument parameters exclamation_count and semicolon_count. replace_punctuation() updates the string by replacing each exclamation point (!) character with a period (.) and each semicolon (;) character with a comma (,). replace_punctuation() also counts the number of times each character is replaced and outputs those counts. Lastly, replace_punctuation() returns the updated string. Call replace_punctuation() in the print_menu() function, and then output the edited string. (3 pts)

Ex:

Punctuation replaced
exclamation_count: 1
semicolon_count: 2
Edited text: we'll continue our quest in space.  there will be more shuttle flights and more shuttle crews and,  yes,  more volunteers, more civilians,  more teachers in space.  nothing ends here,  our hopes and our journeys continue.

(7) Implement the shorten_space() function. shorten_space() has a string parameter and updates the string by replacing all sequences of 2 or more spaces with a single space. shorten_space() returns the string. Call shorten_space() in the print_menu() function, and then output the edited string. Hint: Look up and use Python function .isspace(). (3 pt)

Ex:

Edited text: we'll continue our quest in space. there will be more shuttle flights and more shuttle crews and, yes, more volunteers, more civilians, more teachers in space. nothing ends here; our hopes and our journeys continue!

Smith's Inc, Inc., produces widgets for the wind chime industry. The company sells all products on accounts with net 30 day terms. The company has been without someone to assess the financial condition for some time (using only a bookkeeper to post activity to the general ledger accounts) and, therefore, is asking you to help with a more current assessment of the company’s position.

Part A: Below you will find a series of accounts that represent the trial balance of the business firm. These accounts encompass both income statement and balance sheet accounts.

2009   2010   2011

Accumulated depreciation 176,580 209,050 242,275

Retained earnings     337,602   510,731 648,528

Sales 3,702,480   3,961,654   3,981,462

Cash 35,750    62,635 86,595

Bonds payable 421,000 334,000   325,000

Accounts receivable   246,580   293,430   349,182

Depreciation expense 31,265 32,470 33,675

Common stock shares outstanding 80,000   80,000 80,000

Plant and equipment, at cost   984,021 1,026,880 1,151,210

Taxes 79,484   93,223   74,198

Accounts payable 62,685 116,696 188,569

Common stock, $1 par 75,000 75,000 75,000

Inventory   185,652 243,117 312,622

Prepaid expenses 6,575 21,525   26,325

Cost of goods sold 2,665,786   2,879,049   2,936,630

Interest expense 12,532 10,325 10,235

Selling and administrative expenses   765,800 773,458 788,927

Marketable securities 12,545 23,564 24,153

Other current liabilities   123,256   150,674   195,265

Capital paid in excess of par (common) 275,000 275,000   275,000

Part B: Based on the financial statements that were prepared with this data, complete the following financial ratio calculations and provide a narrative discussion of these results as compared to industry averages (provided.)

Ratios required:

Ratio Industry Average

1. Profit margin 3.2%

2. Return on assets (use ending assets) 6.0%

3. Return on common equity (use ending common equity) 15.6%

4. Receivable turnover (use ending receivables) 8.5 x

5. Inventory turnover (use ending inventory) 12.0 x

6.Fixed asset turnover (use ending fixed asset balance) 5.75 x

7. Total asset turnover (use ending assets) 1.89 x

8. Current ratio 3.10

9. Quick ratio 1.40

10. Debt to total assets (use ending assets) 37.0%

Your solution should include the required ratios for each year and then provide a narrative discussion regarding the results as they compare to the industry averages. This analysis should discuss whether or not Smith's Inc. is better or worse than the industry average but it should not stop there. You should also include a discussion as to why or how the difference can be explained, i.e., the reason for the variance. The final solution is to be provided in the Word document, with the module and part clearly identified. The narrative discussion will reference the appropriate ratio and the comparison to the appropriate industry average.

Smith's Inc.., produces wind chimes for the wind chime industry. The company sells all products on accounts with net 30 day terms. The company has been without someone to assess the financial condition and, therefore, is asking you to help.

Part A: Below you will find the trial balance of the business firm and need to be placed into the correct statement.

Required: Prepare a Income Statement and Balance Sheet for the company.

Part B: Based on the financial statements that were prepared with data above, complete the following financial ratio calculations and provide a narrative discussion of these results as compared to industry averages (provided.)

Have you ever been interviewed?have you ever filled out a survey?if you've done both and you've participated in qualitative and quantitative research,the purpose of qualitative research is to explore the meaning of people's experiences,people's cultures and how people view a particular issue or case known as a case study,but the purpose of quantitative research is to examine the relationship between variables.a variable is a characteristic,we'll talk more about this in just a second but for this class we're going to learn about three kinds of variables independent,dependent and extraneous.independent variables are variables or characteristics that are manipulated by the researcher,dependent variables are characteristics that are impacted by that manipulation of the independent variable,extraneous variables are variables that are extreme as to what the researcher is really trying to focus on and they're usually demographic information,information such as age,sex,race,ethnicity things like that,so let's say a researcher makes a poster that says hey you probably got some of you or other people's pee or poop on your hands so wash your hands,the researcher puts up a poster puts up that poster in one bathroom and doesn't put it in another bathroom ,then the researcher watches to see if more people wash their hands after peeing or pooping who were exposed to the poster compared to those who were not exposed to the poster, it turns out that more people wash their hands who went to the bathroom where the poster was,the independent variable in this study is the poster on the wall it was manipulated by the researcher, the dependent variable was the characteristic of hand-washing,it was the effect of their being or not being a poster in the bathroom,some extraneous variables are the people in the bathrooms a age,sex,race,ethnicity and so on,the point of the study was to examine the relationship between these variables,more hand washing the dependent variable took place in the bathroom that had the poster which was the independent variable,let's talk about research questions,since qualitative research is exploratory in nature qualitative research questions usually start with the words what or how since these words imply discovery or exploration,for example a qualitative research question could be water college students experience in trying to eat healthy on campus or how two college students celebrate the sub cultural holiday of 4/20,because qualitative research is exploratory,it typically does not have a hypothesis which is a prediction,in a nutshell qualitative research tries to explore not predict participants views,similar to qualitative research quantitative research questions can start with the words what or how ,but they might also include the word does in the beginning of the question,in descriptive quantitative research research questions ask how much how often what's the relationship between variables what's the difference between the variables, for example what percent of male college students wash their hands after using campus bathrooms or what is the relationship between college student gender and hand-washing practices after using campus bathrooms,in experimental research questions research questions this is where they might start with the word does ,such as does hand-washing increase when the poster is placed in the campus bathroom compared to qualitative research quantitative research does have hypotheses or predictions about what will happen in the study,typically in qualitative research,researchers collect more than one type of data in order to get a better more holistic picture of what's going on in the field,the data used in qualitative research is almost always it in what people say or their words,this data usually comes from interviews documents like newspapers or journals etc observations and audio-visual materials like videos or audio recordings,researchers usually obtain multiple types of these kinds of data in order to answer a research question,all of this data comes from in the field which means the natural settings where participants are in qualitative research,researchers go into the field and spend a lot of time there interviewing and observing the participants in their environments,it's also important to note that surveys or questionnaires are also known as instruments,well in qualitative research there are no instruments no surveys in qualitative research,the researcher is the instrument what this means is that the researcher acts as an instrument the researcher is kind of like a Living Survey ,they ask all the questions and make observations instead of relying on surveys to gather data ,it's also important to note that a hallmark of qualitative research is its emergent design ,this means that the way in which the study is conducted can change during the study during qualitative research it may become apparent that other forms of data,from other groups of people should be included into the study,for instance let's say the researchers studying college students experience trying to eat healthy on campus originally the researcher has planned to just interview a bunch of students,but let's say that the that during the interviews the students keep talking about the ice cream area of the cafeteria and Student Union,how there's over 400 kinds of ice cream and you have to walk around the ice cream to get to the apples and on and on and about the ice cream bar,the researcher here is enough students talk about this crazy ice cream bar that the researcher decides that observational data should be included in the study she needs to see the ice cream bar for herself and see how it overshadows the Apple bed she needs to see why everyone's talking about this crazy ice cream bar,so the research design emerges and different kinds of data might be collected as the study goes on,the data for quantitative research is in the form of numbers these numbers usually come from what people checkoff on instruments which are surveys or questionnaires or observational checklists and so on,so qualitative research looks at words quantitative research looks at numbers,about analysis,in qualitative research analysis is all about creating themes researchers read their interviews look at documents observations and audio-visual materials and then they organize all of that data all of those words into themes ,this can take a considerable amount of time,they're often pages and pages of interview transcripts to read for example it's a researcher interviewed students about their experience eating healthy on campus,from the interview there are over 80 pages of interview text to read,from those pages the researcher was able to group the data or analyze the data group into three major themes which were students believed that there was a lack of healthy options on campus the students believed the healthy options were too expensive and they believed they felt that unhealthy options were just too tempting,it's important to note here that qualitative research is inductive in nature,that means that the research questions the data collection the analysis and all that stuff is not based off of a theory or preconceived notions that their researcher had,the researcher lets the data speak for itself and form itself into themes without the bias of an existing theory or existing ways of thinking about things already,on the other hand in quantitative research analysis involves the use of statistics to crunch numbers and figure out what those numbers mean in terms of answering research question,qualitative research looks at themes quantitative research and analysis crunches numbers statistics,quantitative research is also usually deductive it's based from existing theories and information that's already out there to help form research questions and how data is collected and how its analyzed,let's talk about the final report in qualitative research the final report is usually narrative in nature,the author's will sometimes write in the first person it's more interpretive and it contains a lot of writing and it has direct quotes from participants,the final reports for quantitative research are more rigid in form and it's more in the form of a statistical report,in conclusion there are noteworthy differences between qualitative and quantitative research in terms of their purpose research questions data analysis and so on.

1. Explain how is data validation done for quantitative research and qualitative research.
2. Discuss what is the research instrument for quantitative research and qualitative research?
3. Explain what type of data will be collected foe quantitative research and qualitative research?
4. Explain the research design for quantitative research and qualitative research?

For the past several years, Steffy Lopez has operated a part-time consulting business from his home. As of July 1, 20Y2, Steffy decided to move to rented quarters and to operate the business, which was to be known as Diamond Consulting, on a full-time basis. Diamond entered into the following transactions during July:

Record the following transactions on Page 2 of the journal:

CHART OF ACCOUNTS

Diamond Consulting

General Ledger

2.  Post the journal to a ledger of four-column accounts. Add the appropriate posting reference to the journal.  6. b.  Post the adjusting entries, inserting balances in the accounts affected.  9. b.  Post the closing entries, inserting balances in the accounts affected. Leave the ITEM column BLANK for each row. If the account balance is zero (0) after closing entries are posted, enter a zero (0) in the account's normal balance column.

1.  Journalize each transaction in a two-column journal starting on Page 1 - 2, referring to the chart of accounts in selecting the accounts to be debited and credited. (Do not insert the account numbers in the journal at this time and be sure to add the date for each entry.)

6. a. Journalize the adjusting entries on page 3 of the journal. Adjusting entries are recorded on July 31.

9. a. Journalize the closing entries on page 4 of the journal.

3. Prepare an unadjusted trial balance

UNADJUSTED TRIAL BALANCE

July 31, 20Y2

Diamond Consulting7. Prepare an adjusted trial balance.

ADJUSTED TRIAL BALANCE

July 31, 20Y2

8a. Prepare an income statement for the month ended July 31, 20Y2. Be sure to complete the statement heading. If a net loss has been incurred, enter that amount as a negative number using a minus sign. Refer to the Accounts, Labels and Amount Descriptions provided for the exact wording of the answer choices for text entries. You will not need to enter colons (:) on the income statement.Income Statement

8b. Prepare a statement of stockholders’ equity for the month ended July 31, 20Y2. Be sure to complete the statement heading. Negative amount should be indicated by the minus sign. Refer to the Accounts, Labels and Amount Descriptions provided for the exact wording of the answer choices for text entries. If an amount is zero, enter "0".

.8c. Prepare a balance sheet as of July 31, 20Y2. Be sure to complete the statement heading. Fixed assets must be entered in order according to account number. Refer to the Accounts, Labels and Amount Descriptions provided for the exact wording of the answer choices for text entries. You will not need to enter colons (:) or the word "Less" on the balance sheet; they will automatically insert where necessary. Negative amount should be indicated by the minus sign. Include; Assets, Liabilities and Stockholder's Equity.

10. Prepare a post-closing trial balance

POST-CLOSING TRIAL BALANCE

Diamond Consulting

July 31, 20Y2

DATA EXERCISE #1

Format of the Project:

The Data Exercise must be posted to the LEO Student Assignments as a Attachments are limited to a maximum two files in doc, docx., xls. xlsx., or rtf. formats. OTHER FORMATS ARE NOT ACCEPTABLE, will not be reviewed or graded.

Please note that hand-written and scanned works, pdf. files, jpg. files, as well as files posted in google drive, will not be accepted or graded.

The paper should be written in APA style Research Paper format.

Please note that Use of APA Citation Methodology is required for all parts of the assignment

Written projects must be:

typed, double-spaced, in 12-point Times New Roman or Arial font, with margins no wider than one inch

have footnotes or endnotes, with correct citations

have a bibliography of sources used

include, for each entry, the author, title, city and state of publisher, publisher's name, year, and page numbers

prepared using word processing software (Microsoft Word preferred), in a manner similar to the preparation of a written assignment for classroom submission

Data exercise #1 Assignment

Consists of four parts

Part 1: Expenditures Approach to Calculating GDP (weight 25% of the assignment grade)

Complete the following exercise

Visit the Bureau of Economic Analysis Web site at  www.bea.gov In “U.S. Economic Accounts” under “National” click on “Gross Domestic Product (GDP)”, then “Interactive Tables”: “GDP” and the” National Income and Product Account (NIPA)” Historical Tables, click “Begin using the data”, and use Section 1 - Tables 1.1.5 (Gross domestic product (nominal)) and 1.1.6 (Real Gross Domestic Product).

a) Create the table that contains the following information for the last quarter. You need this information from both tables. Omit the intermediate lines found in Tables 1.1.5 and 1.1.6 on the web site.

Gross domestic product

Personal consumption expenditures

Gross private domestic investment

Net exports of goods and services

Government consumption expenditures and gross investment

b) Calculate the percentage (the proportion) of each category in nominal GDP and in real GDP.

Using Nominal GDP:

[Personal consumption expenditures / Nominal GDP]*100%

[Gross private domestic investment / Nominal GDP]*100%

[Net exports of goods and services / Nominal GDP]*100%

[Government consumption expenditures and gross investment/ Nominal GDP]*100%

And using Real GDP:

[Personal consumption expenditures / Real GDP]*100%

[Gross private domestic investment / Real]*100%

[Net exports of goods and services / Real GDP]*100%

[Government consumption expenditures and gross investment/ Real GDP]*100%

Present the information that you received in 1 (a) and 1 (b) as a table(s) in your project.

Write a report (2 pages double - spaced), which contains an analysis of the results you received.

In this report consider, but do not be limited to the following:

Why was the nominal GDP greater than the real GDP? By how much?

GDP is composed of a number of categories. What category makes up the largest portion of GDP? What category makes up the smallest portion of GDP?

What is “Gross private domestic investment”? What does gross private domestic investment measure?

What is “Net exports of goods and services”? Why it is negative?

In the table 1.1.5 find the category “National defense”. How much was the National defense for the last quarter? Calculate percentage of National defense out of “Government consumption expenditures and gross investment”. Calculate percentage of National defense out of GDP.

Please analyze and discuss the significance of the data that you received for this Data exercise. Reflect on what you have learned from this exercise.

Part 2: Income Approach to Calculating GDP (weight 25% of the assignment grade)

Complete the following exercise:

Go to http://www.bea.gov/

Find the information on GDP in billions of current dollars for the past four quarters. In U.S. Economic Accounts under National click on Gross Domestic Product (GDP), then click on Interactive Tables: GDP and the National Income and Product Account (NIPA) Historical Tables – click “Begin using the data”- choose Section 1: Domestic Product and Income and find table 1.7.5

Create the table that contains the following information for the last year quarterly. Omit the intermediate lines found in Table 1.7.5 on the web site.

Gross domestic product

Gross national product

Net national product

National income

Personal income

2. Write a report in your own words (1 page, double-spaced), which contains the analysis of the results you received. In this report consider, but do not be limited to the following:

What is the difference between gross domestic product (GDP) and gross national product (GNP)? What is the difference in what GDP measures compared to GNP?

Based on the table, what calculations must you make to determine GNP from GDP?

What is national income (NI)? What does NI measure?

Which was higher in this year, GNP or NI? By how much?

What calculations must you make to determine NI from GNP?

NI is composed of a number of categories. What category makes up the largest portion of NI?

Please analyze and discuss the significance of the data that you received for this Data exercise. Reflect on what you have learned from this exercise.

Part 3: GDP in Different Countries (weight 25% of the assignment grade)

Complete the following exercise:

Go to World Development Indicators database:

http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/variableSelection/selectvariables.aspx?source=world-development-indicators

Select 8 countries for your project by checking the check boxes under Country.

Select the 2 data series GDP (current US$) and Population (Total) under Series.

Select the most recent year under Time.

You can now retrieve that data by clicking one of the options on the upper right of the window. Clicking “Table” will allow you to view and copy the data for each country. Clicking “Download” will allow you to download the data in Excel, which can then be copied into your report table.

Or you can simply type the required data into the table below.

Fill in the table below. Present the table in your project. Calculate the per capita GDP for the most recent available year for the countries with the equation given in the far right column.

Write a short report in your own words (1 page, double-spaced), which contains the analysis of the results you have gotten. In this report consider, but do not be limited to the following:

List the countries by highest per capita GDP to lowest.

Does the order remain the same for total GDP as for per capita GDP.

If not, explain why is it different?

Please analyze and discuss the significance of this data and reflect on what you have learned from this exercise.

Part 4: Index of Economic Freedom (weight 25% of the assignment grade)

Log onto the Heritage Foundation's website at http://www.heritage.org/Index/

“Today, we live in the most prosperous time in human history. Poverty, sicknesses, and ignorance are receding throughout the world, due in large part to the advance of economic freedom. In 2017, the principles of economic freedom that have fueled this monumental progress are once again measured in the Index of Economic Freedom, an annual guide published by The Wall Street Journal and The Heritage Foundation, Washington’s No. 1 think tank.

The Index covers 12 freedoms – from property rights to entrepreneurship – in 186 countries. Each of the ten economic freedoms within these categories is graded on a scale of 0 to 100.”

Click on COUNTRY RANKING to find the rank of economic freedom. IMPORTANT – Make sure you use the Rank and not the Overall Score.

Click on EXPLORE THE DATA to find the rank of business, trade, financial freedom, and property rights.

Find the rank in economic freedom (overall) of the countries that you were using in part III of the assignment.

Find the rank in business, trade, financial freedom, and property rights of the countries that you were using in part III of the assignment.

Compare the rank in economic freedom (overall) and other indicators with the order of the countries using the per capita GDP in the table in part III of the assignment.

Present the information that you received in your project as a table.

Write a report in your own words (1 page, double-spaced), which contains the analysis of the results that you received. Discuss the significance of the data and what you feel is the relevance of rankings. Please reflect on what you have learned from this assignment.