1. Which of following is incorrect about the history of human population growth?

1. In the Modern growth era, both population and income per capita grow very fast.
2. In the Malthusian era, growth rates of both population and income per capita are close to zero.
3. In the Modern growth era, population growth slows down and income per capita grows fast.
4. In the post-Malthusian era, both population and income per capita grow at a higher rate compared with the Malthusian era.

2. According to the theory of Galor and Weil (2000), which of the following is the key driving force of demographic transition?

1. Structural transformation that increases the share of land in output
2. Government policy that encourages family planning
3. The positive feedback between population growth and technology growth
4. A one-time positive productivity shock.

3. Which of the following statements is incorrect about the nonrenewable natural resources?

1. The price of natural resources has an upward trend over time.
2. Technological progress is responsible for the declines in pollution and leveling off of energy use over time.
3. Depletion of natural resources have a negative impact on economic growth.
4. Pollution levels and income per capita have an inverse U-shaped relationship.

4. While the relative supply of college graduates has increased substantially in developed countries in the past few decades, the college premium (i.e., the college/high-school wage ratio) has also increased. Which of the following best explains the increases in both supply and price of skills?

1. An increase in the supply of skills raises the demand for skills directly
2. College students learn more from school today than in the past, and hence new generations of college graduates are more productive at work than the old ones.
3. Directed technical change: more skill-complementary technology is invented when the supply of skills is larger, increasing demand for skills subsequently.
4. New technology substitutes skills.

Nucleotide Pairs

The human genome is composed of the four DNA nucleotides: A, T, G, and C.

Some regions of the human genome are extremely G–C rich (i.e., a high proportion of the DNA nucleotides there are guanine, G, and cytosine, C).

Other regions are relatively A–T rich (i.e., a high proportion of the DNA nucleotides there are adenine, A, and thymine, T).

Imagine that you want to compare nucleotide sequences from two regions of the genome.

Sixty percent of the nucleotides in the first region are G–C (30% each of guanine and cytosine) and 40% are A–T (20% each of adenine and thymine).

The second region has 25% of each of the four nucleotides.

If you choose a single nucleotide at random from each of the two regions, what is the probability that they are the same nucleotide? (Hint: Where X is any of the 4 DNA nucleotides calculate Pr(X|X) for all four and sum.)

On a separate sheet draw a probability tree (first branch will have 4 limbs).

Assume that nucleotides over a single strand of DNA occur independently within regions and that you randomly sample a two-nucleotide sequence from each of the two regions. List all the possible 2-nucleotide sequences for each region and their probabilities (include pairs like XX and assume XY is the same as YX):

First region pairs:  

Second region pairs:

What is the probability that the two pairs chosen from different regions are the same?

please answer all of the following:

A:

Which is a better measure of human happiness, GDP per capita or the human development index? Justify your answer by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of each approach.

B:

A natural disaster destroy a significant part of the Republic of Amazonia. There were a high number of death, besides widespread destruction of infrastructure and capital. Analyze the short run and long run economic effect of this adverse event.

C:.

The Republic of Rainland has a small, open economy. A new president was sworn in recently. Determined to raise the country’s population above poverty, he doubled the money supply. What is the short run and long run effect on domestic prices, output and exchange rate?

D:

The Republic of Amazonia is having a recession due to a fall in export demand. The chief economic advisor of the President made the following statement:

“The recession causes an increase in unemployment rate from 3% to 6% and a drop in GDP of 5%. While unfortunate, these are the only costs of the economic downturn. Our society could bear them easily. Therefore, the government should do nothing and let the economy recover by itself in due time.”

Do you agree with the analysis and proposal of the economic advisor?

Human measurements provide a rich area of application for statistical methods. In a longitudinal study the development of elementary school children explored the relationship between IQ and private speech. Private speech is considered to be when children talk to themselves. It was thought that private speech would be related to IQ, because IQ is supposed to measure mental maturity, and it was known that private speech decreases as students progress through the primary grades. The study included 34 students whose first-grade IQ scores are given below.

######################################################################
# Use the R code to calculate the sample summary statistics, histogram and boxplot.
# Can copy and paste directly to R script.

summary(IQ.data)
sd(IQ.data)
hist(IQ.data)
boxplot(IQ.data, horizontal = TRUE)
######################################################################
Enter the values for the mean, standard deviation and five number summary. Round your answers to 1 decimal place.

Based on the histogram and boxplot from R, choose the following statements that correctly describe the IQ scores. Hint: Five are correct statements. (Select all that apply.)

The distribution of IQ scores has an interquartile range from 106 to 124 .

The typical IQ score is around 114.

The distribution of IQ scores is nearly symmetric.

The lowest IQ, 77, stands out as a low outlier.

The distribution of IQ scores is very negatively skewed.

The second lowest IQ, 90, is the smallest value that isn't an outlier.

The boxplot indicates no outliers.

The distribution of IQ scores has an interquartile range from 77 to 150 .

The boxplot indicates 4 outliers.

The second lowest IQ, 90, stands out as an outlier.

The typical IQ score is around 118.

The distribution of IQ scores is very positively skewed.

1. At the surface, the average total lung capacity of human lungs is about 6 liters of air (~0.21 ft³). Free divers typically fill their lungs with air and hold their breath while they dive. Assuming that Boyle’s Law accurately reflects changes in the air volume in a free divers’ lungs, calculate the change in volume that would occur in a free diver’s lungs at the following depths below the surface of the ocean: 10m, 20m, 35m, 45m. Finally, the world record for constant weight free diving depth (where divers must hold their breath, swim to depth and swim to the surface without dropping weight) is 111 m. Calculate the volume of air in a free diver’s lungs at that depth (111m). Remember that you must include the weight of the atmosphere in your calculations!

Use the following information for all remaining questions on this worksheet.

The lengths of human pregnancies are normally distributed with a mean of 268 days and a standard deviation of 15 days.

a. If one pregnant woman is randomly selected, find the probability that her pregnancy lasts less than 260 days. Round your result to 4 decimal places.

b. Is it unusual for one woman to have a pregnancy that lasts less than 260 days?

c. If we looked at a random sample of 100 pregnant women would expect_____to have pregnancies lasting less than 100 days.

d. A researcher chooses a sample of 25 pregnant women and wants to look at the mean length of the pregnancies for the sample. Does the Central Limit Theorem Apply? Briefly explain why or why not.

e. For groups of 25 women, find the mean and standard error for the sampling distribution of the mean length of pregnancy. Round the value to one decimal place, if rounding is necessary. Be sure to include units.

mean: (select)

standard error: (select)

f. What is the probability that a randomly selected sample of 25 pregnant women have a mean length of pregnancy less than 260 days? Round your response to 4 decimal places.

g. Based on your response to the previous question, is it unusual for a random sample of 25 women to have a mean length of pregnancy of less than 260 days? Explain your response in a full sentence.

h. If a random sample of 25 pregnant women had a mean length of pregnancy of less than 260 days, does that mean that all 25 women had a pregnancy that lasted less than 260 days? Explain your response in a full sentence.

i. For random samples of 25 pregnant women, 95% of all sample means for the mean length of pregnancy will fall between __ days and ___days?

In an online Human Computer Interaction (HCI) lecture, the lecturer mentioned that there are many rules that have been created to guide computer software programmers as well as hardware designers. He mentioned “ben Shneiderman’s eight golden rules” as one of such guidelines, and went on to explain each rule to the class using real life examples. As a teaching assistant in the IT department in Wisconsin international university college Ghana the HCI lecturer have asked you to teach his next class the following guidelines:

i. Interface Design Guidelines,

ii. guidelines for Information Display In not less than 100 words and in your own words describe, using any application software of your choice, each of the rules in the guidelines listed above stating how they were applied.

Data from the national vital statistics system reveal that the distibution of the duration of human pregnancies is approximately normal with a mean of 270 days and a standard deviation of 17 days

Which of the following statements are true

A. The area under the curve to the left of z= -1.53 is .0630

b. A z-score = 0.25 can be interpreted as a 25% probability that a pregnancy will last 274 days or longer

c. Approximately 14.46% of all pregnancies have a duration less than 252 days

d. the z-score for a pregnancy that has a duration of 275 days(9 months) is 0.29

e. The area under the curve to the left of a z-score = -0.10 is approximately 10%

f. Approximately 98% of all pregnancies have a duration longer than 236 days

g. The z-score for a pregnancy that has a duration of 300 days is 1.76

h. The area under the curve to the right of a z-score = 0.70 is 0.7580

Someone calculates that the mineral content and physiological properties of the human body have a net worth of about $2.65. Many estimates, however, have been calculated to appraise the real value of human life with one unanimous decision. Every human being is priceless. No monetary value can adequately replace us. No amount of money can compensate for the capabilities of the mind, body, and spirit. This fact alone would make you think that each individual has a lot going in her/or his direction. We tend to dwell on our negative characteristics and this focus can really impede our quality of life. Perhaps the roots of American negativism can be traced to the dogma of Puritanism, where personal worth was believed to be equal to the work you did, and no amount of work was ever enough. It is a fact, however, that Americans typically tend to take a very negative attitude towards themselves. Compound this with the concept of self-filling prophecy and you have a no win situation regarding self-esteem and successful strategies for stress management.

We all have many positive attributes, those qualities that we take pride in form our physical, mental, emotional and spiritual make up. We need to be reminded of these qualities to boost our self- esteem when the gray could of life start to collect over our heads.

Take a moment to reflect on your positive attributes; those qualities that make you unique. Select from all areas of your total well being including your physical, intellectual, emotional and spiritual dimensions. Write them in a list, and describe each one and reasons why you consider it to be an asset. If you can’t come up with 8 – 10 attributes, ask a few friends to suggest what they see as your positive attributes.   You may be surprised to find what they see in you that you may fail to recognize in yourself. On days when you need a boost in your self-esteem, review this list.

The Human Resource Manager of a large insurance company wishes to evaluate the leadership qualities of 3 manager groups- supervisors, mid-level managers and upper-level managers.

12 people from each management level were sampled.

Is there a difference on the average of the leadership scores for the three groups? Part of the leadership scores (higher is better) and ANOVA table are as follows:

ANOVA TABLE  

. Assume that the calculated value of the test statistic is 3. What is the conclusion for the ANOVA test? Use the critical F-value from Question 11.

(Question 11:

The critical value of the ANOVA test at 1% alpha is:

5.31)