The words “Cessna Skyhawk” have special meaning for anyone who has ever wanted to learn to fly. At 27 feet long and 8 feet tall, with a 36-foot wingspan, a 140 mph cruising speed, and room for two adults and their luggage, more people have learned to fly with a Cessna Skyhawk than with any other plane in aviation history. In fact, the Cessna Skyhawk is the best-selling plane of all time. Clyde Cessna built his first plane in 1911, and Cessna became a storied name in aviation. Cessna built 750 gliders for the army in World War II, introduced the Skyhawk in 1956, produced the first turbo-charged and cabin-pressurized single-engine planes in the 1960s, delivered its first business jet in the 1970s, topped $1 billion in sales in the 1980s, and then, in one of the worst downturns in the history of aviation business, nearly went out of business over the next decade and a half.

Sales of general aviation aircraft, which had topped out at 17,000 planes per year, dropped to 12,000 planes within a year, and over the next decade finally hit rock bottom at 928 planes for the entire industry. During the same time, Cessna’s sales of piston-engine planes, like the Skyhawk, dropped from 8,000 per year to just 600. Cessna was forced to lay off 75 percent of the employees at its piston-engine plane factories (Cessna also makes business jets and larger planes) and eventually stopped making piston-engine planes altogether. However, after the economy improved and the U.S. government approved the General Aviation Revitalization Act (barring product liability lawsuits on any plane over 18 years old), Cessna decided to start building its legendary Skyhawks again.

This is where you come in. With nearly 20 years in the company, your first job with Cessna was teaching Cessna dealers how to service and maintain single-engine planes. But now, with profits flowing again and the company’s legal risk greatly reduced thanks to the Revitalization Act, you’ve been made the vice-president of Cessna’s “new” single-engine business. It’s your job to rebuild this part of the business from the ground up. And because pilots tend to remain loyal to the kind of airplane on which they learned to fly, much depends on your success or failure. If you can rebuild Cessna’s single-engine business, the pilots that learn to fly on today’s Cessna Skyhawks will be buying Cessna business jets 20 years from now.

One of the advantages of starting completely over is that you get to design the entire production facility, from its location, to the new workers, to the suppliers, everything is up for grabs. For instance, Cessna does most of its production in Wichita, Kansas. But since it left the single-engine plane business, Wichita mostly produces a small number of highly customized jets each year, just the opposite of your business, which is a high number of standardized, single-engine planes. So, given the differences, you locate the new single-engine plane factory in Independence, Kansas, two hours away by car, and only 40 minutes away in one of Cessna’s small planes. Along with a new location, you’re debating taking a new approach to manufacturing planes by using production teams. This decision may strike some colleagues as radical, particularly at conservative-minded Cessna where, one of your fellow managers admitted, “we probably got into a mode of doing things for the future based on how we'd always done things in the past.” But the more you think about it, the more you are convinced that it is the right decision. Instead of using a standard production line where each worker does just one task, you are thinking about using teams to assemble Skyhawks and other single-engine planes. In an incredible departure from the engineering-based standards in which the motions of every worker on the assembly line are studied for time, cost, and efficiency implications, production teams would be completely responsible for assembling the planes and for costs and quality.

You expect to see several benefits from a team-based approach, increased customer satisfaction from improved product quality, faster, more efficient production, and higher employee job satisfaction. A few things worry you, however. Despite all of their promise, teams and teamwork are also prone to significant disadvantages. They’re expensive to implement. They require significant training. And they only work about a third of the time they’re used. So, despite their promise, you can’t ignore the reality that using teams would be quite risky for Cessna.

Still, you can’t help thinking that teams could pay off and that there might be ways for you to minimize the risk of failure. For example, because the plant will be in a new location, Independence, Kansas, you get to start with a brand new workforce.

Questions

1. What kinds of people should you hire for teamwork?
2. What kinds of skills and experience will they need to succeed in a team environment?
3. If you decide to take the plunge and use teams, how much authority and responsibility should you give them? (Refer to the text to answer.) Should they be limited to just advising management, or should you make them totally responsible for quality, costs, and productivity?
4. Finally, while you’re considering using teams on the assembly line, are there other places in which you might use teams? Not all teams are alike. Maybe there are other places in which teams could contribute to the success of Cessna’s “new” single-engine plane-manufacturing facility?

Problem 5

You Design Shirts, Inc. (YDSI) specializes in logo-imprinted t-shirts. YDSI tracks the number of units purchased and sold throughout each accounting period but applies its inventory costing method at the end of each period, as if it uses a periodic inventory system.  Assume its accounting records provided the following information at the end of the accounting period, December 31.  The inventory’s selling price is $12 per unit.  

Required:

1. Compute the cost of goods available for sale at December 3
2. Compute the ending inventory, and cost of goods sold at December 31, under each of the following inventory costing methods:

1. Specific identification, assuming that the December 10 sale was from the beginning inventory and the December 17 sales was the December 12 purchase.

Cost of goods sold =

Ending Inventory =

Problem 5 continued

2. First-in, first-out [

Cost of goods sold =

Ending Inventory =

3. Weighted average method

Cost of goods sold =

Ending Inventory =

Problem 5 continued

3. Of the three methods, which will result in the highest gross profit?
4. Of the three methods, which will result in the lowest amount of income tax expense?
5. Of the three methods, which will result in the highest current ratio?
6. Using the First-in, first-out method, calculate to one decimal place the inventory turnover ratio and days to sell in the current year, assuming that inventory was $500 on January 1 of this year and cost of goods sold up to December 1 was $19,000. Evaluate these measures in comparison to an inventory turnover ratio of 12.0 during the previous year.

Edsel Research Labs has $29.20 million in assets. Currently half of these assets are financed with long-term debt at 10 percent and half with common stock having a par value of $10. Ms. Edsel, the Vice President of Finance, wishes to analyze two refinancing plans, one with more debt (D) and one with more equity (E). The company earns a return on assets before interest and taxes of 10 percent. The tax rate is 40 percent.

Under Plan D, a $7.30 million long-term bond would be sold at an interest rate of 9 percent and 730,000 shares of stock would be purchased in the market at $10 per share and retired. Under Plan E, 730,000 shares of stock would be sold at $10 per share and the $7,300,000 in proceeds would be used to reduce long-term debt.

a-1. How would each of these plans affect earnings per share? Consider the current plan and the two new plans. (Round your answers to 2 decimal places.)

a-2. Which plan(s) would produce the highest EPS? Note that due to tax loss carry-forwards and carry-backs, taxes can be a negative number.

Plan D

The Current Plan and Plan E

Plan E

Current Plan

b. Which plan would be most favorable if return on assets increased to 15 percent? Compare the current plan and the two new plans.

Current Plan

Plan D

Plan E

Current Plan and Plan D

c. Assuming return on assets is back to the original 10 percent, but the interest rate on new debt in Plan D is 5 percent, which of the three plans will produce the highest EPS?

Plan D

The plans Current and E

Plan E

The Plan Current and D

The previous problem demonstrates that removing individual differences can substantially reduce variance and lower the standard error. However, this benefit only occurs if the individual differences are consistent across treatment conditions. In problem 21, for example, the participants with the highest scores in the more-sleep condition also had the highest scores in the less-sleep condition. Similarly, participants with the lowest scores in the first condition also had the lowest scores in the second condition. To construct the following data, we started with the scores in problem 21 and scrambled the scores in treatment 1 to eliminate the consistency of the individual differences.

Number of Academic Problems

Student                  Above Average Sleep          Below Average Sleep

A                                             10                                            13

B                                              8                                              14

C                                              5                                              13

D                                             5                                              5

E                                              4                                              9

F                                              10                                            6

G                                             11                                            6

H                                             3                                              6

a. Treat the data as if the scores are from an independent-measures study using two separate samples, each with n = 8 participants. Compute the pooled variance, the estimated standard error for the mean difference, and the independent-measures t statistic. Using a two-tailed test with α = .05, is there a significant difference between the two sets of scores? Note: The scores in each treatment are the same as in Problem 21. Nothing has changed.

b. Now assume that the data are from a repeated measures study using the same sample of n = 8 participants in both treatment conditions. Compute the variance for the sample of difference scores, the estimated standard error for the mean difference and the repeated-measures t statistic. Using a two-tailed test with α = .05, is there a significant difference between the two sets of scores? (You should find that removing the individual differences with a repeated-measures t no longer reduces the variance because there are no consistent individual differences.)

Speed World Cycles sells high-performance motorcycles and Motocross racers.  One of Speed World’s most popular models is the Kazomma 900 dirt bike.  During the current year, Speed World purchased eight of these cycles at the following costs:

Purchase Date                                             Units Purchased      Unit Cost   Total Cost

July 1                                                                        2                    $4,950          $9,900

July 22 3                      5,000           15,000

August 3                                                                  3                        5,100           15,300

                                                                                ------                                  ------------

8                                            $40,200

On July 28, Speed World sold four Kazomma 900 dirt bikes to the Vince Wilson racing team. The remaining four bikes remained in inventory at September 30, the end of Speed World’s fiscal year.

Assume that Speed World uses a perpetual inventory system.

Compute the cost of goods sold relating to the sale on July 28 and the ending inventory of Kazomma 900 dirt bikes at September 30, using the following cost flow assumptions:

Average cost

FIFO

LIFO

Show the number of units and the unit costs of each layer comprising the cost of goods sold and ending inventory.

Using the cost figures computed in part a. answer the following questions:

a. Which of the three cost flow assumptions will result in Speed World Cycles reporting the highest net income for the current year?  Would this always be the case?  Explain.

b. Which of the three cost flow assumptions will minimize the income taxes owed by Speed World Cycles for the year? Would you expect this usually to be the case?  Explain.

c. May Speed World Cycles use the cost flow assumption that results in the highest net income for the current year in its financial statements, but use the cost flow assumption that minimizes taxable income for the current year in its income tax return?  Explain.

Speed World Cycles sells high-performance motorcycles and Motocross racers.  One of Speed World’s most popular models is the Kazomma 900 dirt bike.  During the current year, Speed World purchased eight of these cycles at the following costs:

Purchase Date                                             Units Purchased      Unit Cost   Total Cost

July 1                                                                        2                    $4,950          $9,900

July 22 3                      5,000           15,000

August 3                                                                  3                        5,100           15,300

                                                                                ------                                  ------------

8                                            $40,200

On July 28, Speed World sold four Kazomma 900 dirt bikes to the Vince Wilson racing team. The remaining four bikes remained in inventory at September 30, the end of Speed World’s fiscal year.

Assume that Speed World uses a perpetual inventory system.

Compute the cost of goods sold relating to the sale on July 28 and the ending inventory of Kazomma 900 dirt bikes at September 30, using the following cost flow assumptions:

Average cost

FIFO

LIFO

Show the number of units and the unit costs of each layer comprising the cost of goods sold and ending inventory.

Using the cost figures computed in part a. answer the following questions:

Which of the three cost flow assumptions will result in Speed World Cycles reporting the highest net income for the current year?  Would this always be the case?  Explain.

Which of the three cost flow assumptions will minimize the income taxes owed by Speed World Cycles for the year? Would you expect this usually to be the case?  Explain.

May Speed World Cycles use the cost flow assumption that results in the highest net income for the current year in its financial statements, but use the cost flow assumption that minimizes taxable income for the current year in its income tax return?  Explain.

6. Joint Tenancy Verna M. Chappell owned a piece of real property. Subsequently, Chappell transferred the property to herself and her niece, Bertha M. Stewart, as joint tenants. When Chappell died 16 years later, Chappell’s gross estate was set at $28,321, which included the value of the house. Claims, debts, and charges against the estate totaled $19,451, which included a $14,040 claim by Lorna M. Rembe for services provided as conservator. The probate assets available to pay the claims and debts came to only $1,571 if the real property went to Stewart as the joint tenant. Rembe sued, alleging that the value of the real property should be used to pay off Chappell’s debts and claims. Who wins? Rembe v. Stewart, 387 N.W.2d 313, Web 1986 Iowa Sup.

Lexis 1177 (Supreme Court of Iowa)

6. Joint Tenancy Verna M. Chappell owned a piece of real property. Subsequently, Chappell transferred the property to herself and her niece, Bertha M. Stewart, as joint tenants. When Chappell died 16 years later, Chappell’s gross estate was set at $28,321, which included the value of the house. Claims, debts, and charges against the estate totaled $19,451, which included a $14,040 claim by Lorna M. Rembe for services provided as conservator. The probate assets available to pay the claims and debts came to only $1,571 if the real property went to Stewart as the joint tenant. Rembe sued, alleging that the value of the real property should be used to pay off Chappell’s debts and claims. Who wins? Rembe v. Stewart, 387 N.W.2d 313, Web 1986 Iowa Sup.

Lexis 1177 (Supreme Court of Iowa)

For this assignment, you will write a tic-tac-toe application in HTML and JavaScript, using an HTML <canvas> tag. The game will be played "hot seat" where players take turns using the same device.

Requirements:

1. The canvas should be 600px tall and wide, with the gameplay area occupying most of the canvas.
   1. The X's and O's may be drawn using polygons or large-font text
   2. The grid should be drawn using polygons, specifically long, thin rectangles
2. Before & between games, the canvas will show an "attract mode" screen showing a blank 3x3 grid in the canvas
3. Additional HTML components:
   1. Two <input> tags, appropriately labeled, where the players can enter their names
   2. An appropriately-label HTML <button> that starts the game
4. Gameplay:
   1. Players will be randomly assigned to X and O, with X moving first
   2. Players will take turns placing X's and O's by clicking on open grid squares
   3. Text written on the canvas will indicate which player's turn by name and X or O, e.g., if it's Joe's turn and Joe is X, the text would read "Joe (X) to move"
   4. Invalid moves should not be permitted but no game action is required when a player clicks on an unavailable square
5. After each player's move, the game will check whether the game has ended
   1. After a victory, a line will be drawn through every winning sequence of X's or O's – note that a winning move might make more than one winning sequence – and congratulatory text will appear on the canvas, e.g, if Joe wins, it might read "Joe wins!"
   2. If the grid is filled without a winner, the text "tie game" will appear on the canvas
   3. In either case, a timer will start - after five seconds, the canvas will return to attract mode with the players' names retained in the input tags

Design and implement a Python program which will allow two players to play the game of Tic-Tac-Toe in a 4x4 grid!

X | O | X | O

--------------

O | O | X | O

--------------

X | X | O | X

--------------

X | X | O | X

The rules for this game is the same as the classic, 3x3, game –

• Each cell can hold one of the following three strings: "X", "O", or " " (Blank)
• 4 X’s (or 4 O’s) in a row or column; or across a diagonal wins
• For additional information, check this site out
  • https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/tic-tac-toe-game-rules-412170.

Requirements

Part A: 20 Points – At a minimum, implement the following three functions –

• create_board() which will allow a user to build an “empty” board (so that we can start a game
• display_board() which will show the current board
• check_winner() that determine if there is a winner for the game

• If "X" appears in a winning Tic-Tac-Toe pattern, the function should return
• the string "X"
• If "O" appears in a winning Tic-Tac-Toe pattern, the function should return the string "O"
• If no winning pattern exists, the function should return the string " "
• Break your logic into functions, don’t implement the entire game in a single function, like “main”

Part B: 20 Points – Implement logic so that two players can play the game for as many times as they wish to. In addition -

• Ask users for their names
• Display the numbers of wins vs. losses for each player once they are done with playing

Part C: 5 Points – Enhance your project to include an option for a “player” to play against a “computer” instead

Assumptions

• You may include additional functions, however, you MUST implement the specified functions – they are required.

Concepts Utilized in Project

• Previously covered topics
• Lists & Functions

R.A.T.-Create Your Own Water Park Apply your knowledge of polynomial functions to create a water park, with 6 waterslides - one for under 6 years old (highest point at least 5m above ground) two for ages 6 to 12 (highest point at least 10m above ground) three for over age 12 (highest point at least 20 m above ground)

A Create a polynomial equation for each waterslide. Show all of your work. The waterslide must begin at the y axis and the x axis must represent the ground. For each function, write the original function in factored form, then explain the transformations that were performed, in order to obtain the model function.

B. Graph (and print) each function using desmos. State the domain and range of each function.

C. Choose one of your waterslides and determine the interval(s) in which the height of the ride was above 3m. Explain your method.

D. Choose one of the waterslides for ages 12 and up and state the interval (from peak to trough) where the waterslide is steepest. Then determine the average rate of change for that interval (by using the equation). Next, determine the instantaneous rate of change at the point in the interval when the person is moving the quickest. Interpret the meaning of these numbers. Note: the maximum steepness of a ride should not exceed 4:1, rise to run. The waterslide should be decelerating as it comes to a stop.