PLEASE ANWSER B!! THANK YOU :)

You are considering a new product launch. The project will cost $680,000, have a four-year life, and have no salvage value; depreciation is straight-line to zero. Sales are projected at 100 units per year, price per unit will be $19,000, variable cost per unit will be $14,000, and fixed costs will be $150,000 per year. The required return on the project is 15%, and the relevant tax rate is 35%. Ignore the half-year rule for accounting for depreciation.          (18 marks total)

a. Calculate the following six numbers for this project. Round your answers to two decimal places.

(i) NPV

OCF = EBIT + depreciation – taxes
= 180000 + 170000 – 63000
= 287,000

PVAF= (1 – (1 / (1 + r)^N)) / r
= (1-(1/(1+.15)^4))/.15
= 2.854978363

PV of cash inflow
= 287,000 * 2.854978363
= 819,398.7901

NPV = 819,398.7901 – 680000
= 139,398.79

(ii) Profitability Index (PI)                                                       (1 mark)

= PV of cash inflow/initial investment
= 1.20

(iii) Payback period (in years)                                                 (1 mark)

Initial investment/ cash flow
= 680000/287000
= 2.37 years

(iv) Discounted payback period (in years)                                 (1 mark)

3.15 years

(v) Internal Rate of Return (IRR in %)                                      (1 mark)

CF0 = -680,000
CF1 = 287,000
CF2= 287,000
CF3= 287,000
CF4 = 287,000
COMP I/Y
IRR = 24.82

(vi) Average Accounting Return (AAR in %)                             

     Hint: Net Income = {[(Price – variable cost)*Quantity Sold] – Fixed Costs – Depreciation} * (1 – Tax rate)

     Average annual profit/initial investment

     117,000/680,000
= 0.17205
= 17.21%

b. Evaluate the sensitivity of the NPV, PI, Payback period, Discounted payback period, AAR, and IRR to a ±10% variation in the number of units sold per year. Ensure that you interpret your answers in words.

Hint #1: For example, for the NPV, increase the quantity sold by 10% and re-calculate the NPV. Then calculate the percentage change of this new NPV over the base case NPV from part (a). Repeat the process for a 10% decrease in quantity sold.

Hint #2: You must perform the process in Hint #1 for each of the six items in part (a). Note that IRR and AAR are already rates of returns. You do not have to calculate the percentage changes over the base case numbers for IRR and AAR. Instead, simply calculate the difference between the new numbers and the base case numbers for IRR and AAR.

Hint #3: It may be easier to perform these calculations in a spreadsheet. If you opt to do these calculations in a spreadsheet, ensure that you copy and paste the spreadsheet into your Word document.      

Read the details regarding “The Plaza Hotel” and answer the questions below:

The Plaza Hotel is a 20-story luxury hotel and condominium apartment building in Midtown Manhattan in New York City. It opened in 1907 and is now owned by Katara Hospitality. The Plaza Hotel has many services including a butler on every floor, baby-sitting and concierges, a shopping mall, the Palm Court under the restored stained glass ceiling, the Champagne Bar located in the hotel lobby with views of Grand Army Plaza, the Edwardian Room, the Terrace Room, the Rose Club, the Grand BallRoom, The Plaza Food Hall and The Todd English Food Hall Restaurant and Marketplace, as well as meeting rooms and conference rooms. Guests not only come from the 50 states but from all over the world. The hotel scores in the top 5% of the

national benchmark studies in terms of customer satisfaction. The hotel managers analyze the data received through customer questionnaires on a daily basis. Corrective measures are taken without any delay in case of any problems. The Plaza believes that quality improvement is a never ending process and the staff and management are continuously striving to come up with strategies to improve customer satisfaction. When the staff observes some kind of problem, they take care of it themselves; delay in room service is followed by small gifts to the guests, delay in food service is followed by a complimentary dessert and so on. Katara Hospitality keeps a check and balance on the hotel’s performance. Different areas are monitored, compared to a selected standard and the feedback report is shared on a monthly basis with the hotel. Automated inventory system is used for inventory management. Whenever an item is removed from the inventory for customer use, the item is automatically billed to that account, and usage is noted at the main supply area. Supplies are delivered on a Just-in-time basis to keep the costs low and to avoid any quality related problems. From their one-of-a-kind Eloise Suite, to their ultra-luxurious Penthouse Suites, The Plaza’s unparalleled accommodations are as unique as they are elegant. Their spacious guest rooms offer classic appointments and furnishings as can only be expected from New York’s most legendary address. Their contemporary Legacy Suites offer beauty in every detail, some suites with striking partial views of Central Park, outdoor terraces, and connecting rooms. Pareto charts and flowcharts monitor processes and facilitate the management in spotting problematic areas graphically. The philosophy that customers come first is taught to all the employees at the very first day of their orientation. The guards at the gates or the waiters in the hallways will never be heard commenting on each other’s personal lives or discussing confidential issues. This quality culture at the Plaza hotel makes the hotel visit a warmer and more comforting experience for the guests.

a. What TQM concepts and tools have been employed by the Plaza Hotel? Identify and briefly explain them.

b. What tools would you recommend them that they can use in future and how can they use them?

please solve it in a word doc and be brief

When you try to automatically process human speech, you frequently try to understand what the person was saying (or trying to say) from very ambiguous sounds. For instance, the phrases “Recognize speech” and “Wreck a nice beach” sound very similar when pronounced by the average American speaker. As humans, when we process speech, we always use the context of a word to judge what the speaker is probably trying to say. Our minds automatically discard options that are very inconsistent with what we have inferred about the sentence so far, and we reevaluate our earlier “guesses” based on new sounds that come in. For example, if your friend tells you “I didn’t recognize you”, you infer pretty safely from “you” that it wasn’t “I didn’t wreck a nice you”, whereas if your friend says “I didn’t wreck a nice car”, you find this more likely than “I didn’t recognize car”. If we want to get machines to do this kind of reasoning, we can use the following simplistic model. There is a known directed graph G = (V, E). Each node v ∈ V encodes an initial portion of an (intended) sentence. Each directed edge e has two things associated with it: (1) a probability pe ∈ [0, 1], and (2) a label λe ∈ Σ, where Σ is an alphabet of phonemes.3 We assume that for each node v and each label `, there is at least one edge e = (v, u) out of v labeled by λe = ` and at least one edge e = (u, v) into v labeled by λe = `. Also, we assume that the sum of probabilities of all edges out of v is 1, i.e., P u:(v,u)∈E p(v,u) = 1. In addition to the graph, you are given a start node s (which corresponds to not having heard anything yet) and a sequence of observed phonemes L = `1`2`3 · · · `k of length k. Your goal is to find a directed path P = (e1, e2, . . . , ek) in G of length k, starting from s, such that (1) the sequence of labels on P matches the given sequence, i.e., λei = `i for all i, and (2) subject to this requirement, the probability Qk i=1 pei is maximized. Such a path P (and its final node v) give a good guess as to what the speaker was trying to say. Give (and analyze) a polynomial-time algorithm (polynomial in the size of the graph and the length of the sequence) for finding such a path P. Note: The main difficulty arises from the fact that a node v may have multiple outgoing edges with the same label. This corresponds to not being able to tell for sure whether you heard “Recognize” or “Wreck a nice”. Otherwise, this problem would be nearly trivial.

You are going to start a company selling bottles of bacon soda (not baking soda). You have determined that to bottle your masterpiece, you’ll need to pay a bottling company $1.45 per bottle produced. They can send you 10 cases (48 bottles per case) for a $240 shipping cost. You’ll also need to hire someone to place your labels on each bottle once they arrive from the bottling company. You pay $.25 per label from an online supplier. Let’s assume you are paying someone $.05 for each label placed on a bottle. Since you will use a direct selling process, you will not incur a shipping fee to get each bottle to your customers. However, you decide to expand your distribution by offering $.25 per bottle sold as a commission to anyone who would help you sell your product.

In addition to your product costs, you have some other costs. You decide to be responsible and get business insurance. This costs you $25 per month. You will be running your business out of your home, so you won’t incur costs for utilities, rent, or depreciation. However, you took a loan from your rich uncle for $5,000. To pay back that loan, you must pay him $50 per month. You also decide to put an ad. in the local newspaper each month to get the word out about your new bacon soda. That ad costs you another $50 per month.

Through market research, you have estimated that you will sell all 10 cases from your initial order in the first month of operation. You have also estimated that you will be able to sell 20 cases per month for the second and third months, and then 40 cases per month for months 4 and 5 of operation.

You decide to use the “keystoning” approach to price your bottles of bacon soda. This means you will double your total variable costs per unit to determine your price.

Respond to the following questions and tasks. Be sure to show your calculations where needed.

1. What is the one-unit cost of bacon soda? (Identify both variable and fixed costs in calculating the one-unit cost.)

2. Create a five-month pro forma for the bacon soda company

PRO FORMA

ONE UNIT COST (COGS)

Ans In Java Please

Homework 6-1

So far in this course, all of your programs have been written to be fully contained inside a single method named main. The main method is where Java begins execution of your program. In this assignment, you will coding other methods in addition to the main method. These additional methods will perform specific functions and, in most cases, return results. Write all your methods in a class named Homework6Methods.java

1. Write a public static method named getMaxOf2Ints that takes in 2 int arguments and returns the Maximum of the 2 values

2. Write a public static method named getMinOf2Ints that takes in 2 int arguments and returns the Maximum of the 2 values

3. Write a public static method named getMaxOf3Ints that takes in 3 int arguments and returns the Maximum of the 3 values

4. Write a public static method named getMedianOf3Ints that takes in 3 int arguments and returns the Median Value of the 3 values

5. Write a public static method named printMinOf3Ints that takes in 3 int arguments of type int and prints the minimum value of those 3 ints

Example: “The min is “ + minVal

6. Write a public static method named getProdOfAllPositiveInts that takes in 1 int argument and returns the product of all the values between 1 and that number.

If the argument is NON-positive return 0

7. Write a public static method named getProdOfAllNegativeInts that takes in 1 int argument and returns the product of all the values between -1 and that number.

If the argument is NON-negative return 0

8. Write a public static method named isProdOfAllNegativeIntsNegative that takes in 1 int argument and returns true if the product of all the values between -1 and that number is negative, and false otherwise.

9. Write a public static method named getCharAtIndex that takes in 2 arguments, a String s, and an int index. The method should return the char found at the index location of the string or if not found return a ‘?’

10. Write a public static method named getCountOfCharInString that takes in 2 arguments, a String s, and a char c. The method should return an int representing the number of times the char was found within the string.

11. Write a public static method named getStringReversed that takes in 1 argument of type String and returns the String in reverse order.

12. Write a public static method named getStringTitleCased that takes in 1 argument of type String and capitalizes the first letter of each word in the String, then returns the title cased string.

Example:

Input: “the dog ate my homework!” Returns: “The Dog Ate My Homework!”

Input: “tHe Dog atE My HOMEwoRk!” Returns: “The Dog Ate My Homework!”

Input: “THE DOG ATE MY HOMEWORK!” Returns: “The Dog Ate My Homework!”

Please complete all the Participation and Challenge activities in the above sections. This work must be completed in your textbook ZYBooks -- CMP-167: Programming Methods I

No other forms of submission will be accepted.

Instructions: You are not required to use R markdown for the lab assignment. Please include ALL R commands you used to reach your answers in a word or pdf document. Also, report everything you are asked to do so.

Problem 1 : Consider a binomial random variable X ∼ Bin(100, 0.01). 1. Report P(X = 7), P(X = 8), P(X = 9), try to use one ONE R command to return all these three values. 2. Find the probability P(0 ≤ X < 5), be careful when treating “end points” 0 and 5. 3. We have mentioned on the class Possion distribution could be a good approximation of Binomial distribution under certain conditions. Here, n = 100, p = 0.01, np = 1 looks satisfy the condition that the pmf of X can be approximated by a suitable Possion random variable Y . What is λ of Y ? Compute P(X = i), P(Y = i), i = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 to show the goodness of the approximation.

Problem 2 : Answer the following questions: 1. First run alphas <- seq(0.1, 1, by = 0.1) and nalphas <- - rev(alphas). Based on what you have seen, decribe how functions seq and rev work. Then run qnorm(c(nalphas, alphas)) and report the result you get. What are they? What pattern did you notice and why? 2. Use the function rnorm to genearate 10000 random numbers from N(50, 4), store those random numbers into a vector called firstrn. It is expected that the sample mean of firstrn should be close to the population mean 50. Use the function mean to verify this. 3. Suppose X ∼ Possion(2). Report the probability that P(1 < X ≤ 5). Show the code you used to reach this answer.

Problem 3 : In lab lecture notes and demo code, I simulated random samples from Exp(1) to verify classical central limit theorem numerically. I also stressed that no matter what type of random samples you use, the standardized partial sum Sn always converge to N(0, 1). In this problem, simulate random samples from the following distributions: 1. Bernoulli(0.5) with µ = 0.5 and σ2 = 0.25. (Hint: You can use rbinom to generate Bernoulli random numbers.) 1 2. Uniform(0, 1) with µ = 0.5 and σ2 = 1/12. 3. Possion(1) with µ = 1 and σ2 = 1. For each case, set simulation times N to be 1000 and for each simulation, generate n = 2000 random numbers. Report 3 pieces of code, 3 Q-Q plots and your conclusion. To get all the answers, you only need slightly adjust my demo code

One of the items that businesses would like to be able to test is whether or not a change they make to their procedures is effective. Remember that when you create a hypothesis and then test it, you have to take into consideration that some variance between what you expect and what you collect as actual data is because of random chance. However, if the difference between what you expect and what you collect is large enough, you can more readily say that the variance is at least in part because of some other thing that you have done, such as a change in procedure.

For this submission, you will watch a video about the Chi-square test. This test looks for variations between expected and actual data and applies a relatively simple mathematical calculation to determine whether you are looking at random chance or if the variance can be attributed to a variable that you are testing for.

Imagine that a company wants to test whether it is a better idea to assign each sales representative to a defined territory or allow him or her to work without a defined territory. The company expects their sales reps to sell the same number of widgets each month, no matter where they work. The company creates a null and alternate hypothesis to test sales from defined territory sales versus open sales.

One of the best ways to test a hypothesis is through a Chi-square test of a null hypothesis. A null hypothesis looks for there to be no relationship between two items. Therefore, the company creates the following null hypothesis to test: There is no relationship between the amount of sales that a representative makes and the type of territory (defined or open) that a representative works in. The alternate hypothesis would be the following: There is a relationship between the kind of sales territory a sale representative has (defined or open) and the amount of sales he or she makes during a month.

Step 1:

Watch this video.

Step 2:

Use the following data to conduct a Chi-square test for each region of the company in the same manner you viewed in the video:

RegionExpected

Actual

Southeast

Defined

10098

Open

100104Northeast

Defined

150188

Open

150214Midwest

Defined

125120

Open

125108Pacific

Defined

200205

Open

200278

Step 3:

Write an 800–1,000-word essay, utilizing APA formatting, to discuss the following:

Describe why hypothesis testing is important to businesses.

Report your findings from each Chi-square test that you conducted.

Based solely on the Chi-square test, discuss whether the company should accept the null hypothesis in each region or reject it in favor of the alternate hypothesis.

Discuss any other statistical analyses you would want the company to contemplate before deciding if it will go with a defined or open sales strategy.

Describe and discuss at least 1 other business scenario in which you believe Chi-square testing would be helpful to a company

PYTHON Question - An acrostic is a form of writing where a set letter of each line spells out a word or message. Often acrostics (especially poems) use the first letter to spell out their messages, but other “columns” in the text may be used.

For this lab, we’ll create an acrostic reader. Given the poem and dream data, write a function called print_acrostic() that takes a list that contains two elements:

1. a string containing the poem/dream, and
2. an integer that specifies which “column” the acrostic is to be read from.

and prints the acrostic to the screen. For this lab, you’re only given two text sources, but you should write your code in such a way that it can handle an arbitrary number of text/column pairs. An example main() might look like this:

def main():

acrostics = [[POEM, 0], [DREAM, 3]]
for each in acrostics:
print(print_acrostic(each))

main()

The poem is a message from Northeastern and uses the first character of each line (index 0); the dream is a message from New York and uses the 4^th character of each line.

For example, given POEM is this

POEM = "Intensive technologies croon.\n\nLocal bandits lesson.\n" \
"Old notebooks emote.\nVideos intersect.\n" \
   ... # etc.

The acrostic at position zero would spell out a phrase: "I LOV..."
"Blank" lines created by two newline characters in a row (e.g. '\n\n') represent a space between words in the phrase (which is why the above example is "I LOV" rather than "ILOV"

POEM = "Intensive technologies croon.\n\nLocal bandits lesson.\n" \ "Old notebooks emote.\nVideos intersect.\n" \ "Early notebooks choreograph.\n\nAsynchronous modems search.\n" \ "Local desktops deliver.\nInteractive videos skill.\n" \ "Grain tablets clap.\nNew technologies cry.\n\n" \ "Commercial kits chant.\nSublingual tablets exalt.\n"

DREAM = "If tax payers tell their tale.\n" \ "Of heated victories against the tax man.\n" \ "A meeting with others who file late.\n\n" \ "There were many reasons to file early...\n" \ "Remembering what H&R Block said: 'Leave it to us!'\n" \ "Ford cars with ejection seats - is that a valid deduction?\n\n" \ "Peas and carrots, please - you barely ate dinner.\n" \ "Floors covered with peas - you couldn't eat them after all.\n" \ "Flux capacitors were science fiction - go back in time!\n\n" \ "Flow with this - the deadline is looming.\n" \ "Trails of paper litter your office.\n Follow the bouncing ball.\n" \ "Follow the rabbit.\n\n Full of ideas; you're distracted again.\n" \ "Scoops of ice cream await, finish the task!\n" \ "Alas, you'll need an extension.\n" \ "Rise up, go to bed - it's January and only a bad tax dream."

WEEK 3 STOCK JOURNAL

WEEK 8 STOCK JOURNAL

This is the week you have been waiting for – to see if you are walking home a ‘pretend’ millionaire, or whether you would be finding a side job to recoup your losses.

For Week 10, review your investment for the last time. You must:

1. Record the current price of the stock for each company you selected in Week 3’s Stock Journal. You may use any price during this week (e.g., day one price, the opening, the low, the high, the close, or any price you find when you check it during the day). Using a MS Excel spreadsheet or MS Word document, put your Week 8 and Week 10 stock prices side-by-side, to show the comparison.
2. Determine the total value of your investment.
3. Provide your final opinion / assessment of your investments. Did you make money or lose money? Discuss your results and, based on hindsight, describe what you would do differently.
4. Discuss what you learned from this assignment. Do you believe this assignment will help you in the future in any way?

Beacon Signals Company maintains and repairs warning lights, such as those found on radio towers and lighthouses. Beacon Signals Company prepared the following end-ofperiod spreadsheet at December 31, 2019, fiscal year:

Required: