Define credit rating of a company and of long-term securities (bonds, shares etc.)

A. List down credit rating agencies in US.

B. Pick one credit crediting agency and explain in detail the services offered by that agency.

C. Explain criteria for assigning credit rating to the companies.

1. Wu Dang, based in Hong Kong, hacks into the Hewlett-Packard database and “steals” plans and specifications for HP’s latest products. The HP server is located in the United States. He sells this information to a Chinese company in Shanghai. Has he violated the US Economic Espionage Act?

Please share with us the best and worst company names in your opinion. Explain your selections and the criteria you used to make your determinations. Your examples must be existing businesses. THE EFFECTS AND RELEVANCE OF NAMES OF THE BUSINESS ARE TO BE MENTIONED. HOW APPROPRIATE THEY ARE AND HOW THEY HAVE ADVANTAGED THE ORGANISATION.

Consider you are a regional soft drink company competing in the US soft drink market. Dr. Pepper was such a player, operating mostly in and around Texas. How could you compete successfully in this industry that is dominated by two large companies? Use appropriate frameworks to support your answer.

Suppose a marketing company wants to determine the current proportion of customers who click on ads on their smartphones. It was estimated that the current proportion of customers who click on ads on their smartphones is 0.65. How many customers should the company survey in order to be 94% confident that the margin of error is 0.22 for the confidence interval of true proportion of customers who click on ads on their smartphones? Answer: (Round up your answer to nearest whole number,do not include any decimals)   

Typewritten answers only, please. No handwritten answers.

Thank you.

Golden Manufacturing Company started operations by acquiring $111,000 cash from the issue of common stock. On January 1, 2018, the company purchased equipment that cost $101,000 cash, had an expected useful life of five years, and had an estimated salvage value of $10,100. Golden Manufacturing earned $99,310 and $69,480 of cash revenue during 2018 and 2019, respectively. Golden Manufacturing uses double-declining-balance depreciation.

Prepare an income statements for 2018 and 2019. Use a vertical statements format. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round the final answers to nearest dollar amount.)

b-2. Prepare a balance sheets for 2018 and 2019. Use a vertical statements format. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round the final answers to nearest dollar amount.)

b-3. Prepare a statements of cash flows for 2018 and 2019. Use a vertical statements format. (Amounts to be deducted should be indicated with minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round the final answers to nearest dollar amount.)

Typewritten answers only, please. No handwritten answers.

Thank you.

You have been requested to design a schema (as an E/R diagram) for the contact-tracing database. Your group is busy working to design and field a contact-tracing database to be able to trace rapidly people who may have been in close proximity (contact) to someone diagnosed with a highly infectious disease.

The Contact Tracing Domain

To be able to trace with whom a person has been in contact, we need to know where that person has been and when. We have to know this about everyone else too. Then we could figure out the potential contacts by seeing who was in places at the same time as the person. During an epidemic with a highly infectious disease, by tracing the recent contacts of a person who has become ill, these people can be warned to take appropriate action. This can greatly help to stem the epidemic.

Thus Person is fundamental in our database. We are tracing people, after all. Information we should keep for people is a name, address, and phone#. We can keep sin, a person's social insurance number to identify the person. (Assume that the government will issue anyone in Canada who does not have a sin a temporary sin for this very purpose. Also note that, in building such a database for real, in truth, using sin for this would likely not be a good choice. But, for the project, let us assume it is.)

We should also record Places. This will include public building and other indoor places where people can meet, and thus come into contact. (We assume for now that the disease does not transmit outdoors, so we are not keeping track of all possible locations.) We can use a place's name to identify it, and we want to keep about a place its gps coordinates, address, and a description.

Central to the whole database's operation is to collect “observations” about which places a person has been, and when they were there. Thus, we are designing a mass-surveillance database! But we are assuming that this is for a good cause, and that the database, once up and running, will not be abused for other purposes.

Let us call an observation that such a person was in such a place at such a time a Recon — a shortened form of the military term reconnaissance — to have an easier way to organize our thoughts. A Recon names a Person (who) as being at a Place at a given time (when). Let us employ the notion of Time Slot for handling times. There will be effectively an entry in Time Slot for every fifteen-minute period; e.g., 3:00pm 25 September 2020, 3:15pm 25 September 2020, 3:30pm 25 September 2020, and so forth. For any given time slot in which a person was observed somehow to be at a place, we would have a Recon entry. Thus each Recon is associated with a Time Slot, telling us when the person was there. (A better way to handle time in such a scenario is to work with time intervals. This is significantly more involved design-wise, however. Therefore, for our first cut of a schema for our contact-tracing database — that is, this project — let us employ Time Slot to handle the “when” aspect.) In fact, we can use when to identify any given Time Slot. (Say we assume the when value identifies the beginning of the time slot; e.g., 3:00pm stands for 3:00pm up to 3:15pm.)

A Recon then identifies — and therefore, is identified, at least in part, by — the person, the place, and the time slot (when), which is “saying” that Person (who) was at Place during this Time-slot time (when). For any Recon, we also must record the Method, the way, that we know that the person was at the place at that time. Examples of methods might be, for example, contact-tracing phone app, surveillance camera with facial recognition, and a registry entry (the person had to sign a registry book on entering and exiting the building). Note that there could be more than one recons telling us a person was at a place at a given time, each recon supported by different evidence (Method).

In our database, we also need to track when a person is tested, a Test, for the disease. Such a diagnosis Test is administered to a given Person at (“upon”) a given time (Time Slot). This information identifies any given Test. A Test is administered in a Test Centre — which is a Place — and is of a given Test Type. (There are different types of test for the disease, which may differ in efficacy and cost.) Thus, we want to record where the Test was administered, and what type of test it was.

A Test may result in an Action. Let Action be identified by an action name. (An action might be taken given the result of the test; for instance, if it came back positive for the disease, the person might be placed in quarantine.) Assume that a given Test results in at most one Action. Of course, a Test might not result in any action. (Say, the test came back negative and no action was necessary.) We want to track actions resulting from tests.

Not all Test Centres are equipped to administer all types of test (Test Types). Thus, we want to record which Test Types are offered at which Test Centres. A Test Centre may offer different types of test; and a type of test may be available at a number of test centres.

Lastly, the Government is to require that each Person identifies their bubble; that is family and friends — other people (Persons) — with whom they are regularly in contact. We need to record this “bubble” information in the database.

Primatologists are interested in the topic of altruism in order to determine where the human behavior arises. Altruism is defined as actions that benefit another individual but at some potential risk or cost to oneself. The act of ‘doing a good deed’ for others in humans counts as altruism, because there is some level of sacrifice in effort or resources from the individual that helps the other. Scientists argue that there are ulterior motives on the part of primates that they study. The good deed will be returned at a later date. We can test the importance of altruism among humans with this small science project.

Goal: Assess the degree of altruism among humans. Does it is exist? Method: Groom someone or do something altruistic to help someone who you will see in the near future for several days. Then assess whether they feel compelled to return the favor. For example, you may actually groom someone by pretending to pick something off of their clothes or buying them coffee. Then put them in the same but opposite situation later on. You could leave something on your clothes to see if they pick it off. You can try other forms of social grooming such as complementing someone as well. Will they return the favor later on? Try to devise new and original ways to test this idea of altruism through grooming.

Write up: Does this act bring you closer? What does it say about the grooming among humans? Is this evidence that it was selected for as a behavioral trait? Also try to explain WHY it came about as a behavioral trait (or WHY it didn’t if the data comes out negative).

Sunshine Company is a calendar year accrual-basis taxpayer and is in its first year of operations. Sunshine Company had the following income, expense, and loss items for the current year:

Furthermore, Sunshine’s liabilities (all recourse) increased from $0 on 1/1 to $300,000 on 12/31 of the current year.

1. Assume that Sunshine Company is an s-corporation. Alvin contributed $60,000 in exchange for 60% of the stock while his wife’s best friend, Ann, contributed $40,000 in exchange for the remaining 40% of the stock when the corporation was formed this year. Alvin received a $2,400 per month salary ($28,800 in total). Ann doesn’t work for the company so she received no salary. The company made a $55,000 partial distribution of profits at the end of the year. (9 points)
   1. Calculate Sunshine’s ordinary income and separately stated items to be reported on Form 1120S.
   2. What amount and type of income must Alvin report on his individual Form 1040 tax return?
   3. What amount of Alvin’s income will be subject to self-employment tax?
   4. What is Alvin’s basis in his Sunshine Company stock at the end of the year?

Note that you do not need to complete Form 1120-S but this form and related schedules will be a useful guide in completing this portion of the assignment.