Consider the closed-economy market-clearing model. Assume that the marginal propensity to consume is 0.8. The economy's output increases by $10 billion, tax revenue decreases by $6 billion, and the government budget deficit increases by $2 billion.

(a) Calculate the dollar change in government spending. (b) Calculate the dollar change in public saving. (c) Calculate the dollar change in private saving. (d) Calculate the dollar change in national saving. (e) Would the equilibrium real interest rate increase, decrease, or stay the same?

Assume that the equations below represent a closed economy.

Hints:

Y_D: Disposable Income

Y = C + I + G + NX is for part a): so, Y = 80 + MPC (Y_D) + I + G

C = 80 + 0.6(Y_D) Y_D = Y - T

I = 1000 T = 400

NX = (X – Im) = 0 G = 500

1. Solve for:

• Equilibrium GDP (Y)

• Disposable Income (Y_D)

• Consumption Spending (C)

• Private Saving

• Public Saving

• The multiplier

2. Verify that, in equilibrium total saving equals investment.

3. Suppose that the government wishes to increase equilibrium GDP by 100.

• What change in government spending is required?

• If government spending cannot change, what change in taxes is required?

Suppose the U.S. has a closed economy with GDP (Y) equal to $19.4 trillion, consumption (C) equal to $12.4 trillion, government spending (G) equal to $3.4 trillion, transfer payments (TR) equal to $1.6 trillion, and taxes (T) equal to $4.7 trillion. Suppose the government increases its spending on national defense such that government spending increases by $0.2 trillion. What must happen to total savings (S)? That is, what is the dollar amount by which total savings changes? Assume the values for GDP, consumption, taxes, and transfer payments do not change.  Provide your answer in trillions of dollars rounded to one decimal place.

One year ago, the Tyler Rose closed-end fund had a NAV of $35.19 and was selling at an 11% discount. Today, the fund has a NAV of $36.42 and is selling at a 7.5% premium. During the year, the fund paid a dividend distribution of $.48 and a capital gain distribution of $.97.

A. Calculate the NAV-based HPR for the fund for the year.

B. Calculate the market-based HPR for the fund for the year.

C. Recalculate the market-based HPR for the fund for the year, assuming the fund was selling at an 8.8% premium at the beginning of the year and an 11.3% discount at the end of the year.

Question 6 Unsaved Suppose a closed economy with no government spending or taxing initially. Suppose also that intended investment is equal to 150 and the aggregate consumption function is given by C = 250 + 0.75Y. And suppose that, if at full employment, the economy would produce an output and income of 3200 By how much would the government need to raise spending (G) to bring the economy to full employment? (round your answer to the nearest whole value

1. Name two taxa of animals with coelomate body plans and closed circulatory system?

2. The dorso- ventrally flattened body plan of the playtyheminthesis is indicative of a gas exchange system that occurs how?

3. The vertebrate jaw first appeared as an evolutio of the anterior bony gill supports in what group of vertebrates?

4. what general group of vertebrate animals do not have a left and right artium chamber of the heart?

14) You are evaluating a closed-end mutual fund and see that its price is different from its net asset value (NAV).

The fund has an expense ratio (ε) of 4.95% and a dividend yield (δ) of 4.00%. The fund has experienced a risk-adjusted abnormal return (α) of 6.05%.

a)By what amount (premium or discount) is the fund likely to trade relative to its NAV?

Use the equation: (α−ϵ) / (δ + ϵ − α)

NewCorp stock has a required return of 10.00% and is expected to pay a dividend of $3.25 next year. Investors expect a growth rate of 5.55% on the dividends for the foreseeable future.

b. What is the current fair price for the stock?

c. Suppose the stock is selling at this price, but then investors revise their expectations. The new expectation for the growth rate is 5.20%. If investors are rational, what will be the new price for NewCorp stock?

Q1. Solow Growth Model. Consider the production function for a closed economy ? =2 ∙ K^1/2(AN)^1/2
Assume that the savings rate s equals 20% and the depreciation rate ? equals 5%. Further, assume the growth rate of the labor force g_N is 3% and the growth rate of technological progress gA is 2% per year.

a. Find the steady-state values of (i) capital per effective worker, (ii) output per effective worker, (iii) the growth rate of output per effective worker, (iv) the growth rate of output per worker, and (v) the growth rate of output. (2.5 marks)

Now we modify the basic Solow growth model described above, by including government spending as follows. The government collects taxes T to finance its government spending G in every period. Government spending per worker is given by a constant g, where g= G/N. Workers consume a fraction of disposable income C= (1-s)(Y-T). Suppose that the government has a balanced budget. Also assume that A= 1 and the growth rates of technological progress and the labor force are zero, gA=0, gN= 0.

b. Write down the capital accumulation equation. With the help of a diagram, illustrate that there can be two steady-state values of capital per worker (k*=K*/N). Carefully label your diagram. (3.5 marks)

c. We can focus on the high k* and ignore the low k* because the low k* is an unstable steady state. What is the effect of an increase in g on k*? What are the effects of an increase in g on aggregate consumption C? Explain.

d. Now we modify the way we define government spending. Suppose that government spending G is proportional to aggregate output Y, where G= zY. That is, government spending is a fraction z of aggregate output Y. Are there two steady-state values of capital per worker? What are the effects of an increase in z on capital per worker k* and aggregate consumption C? Explain.

A closed piston-cylinder system undergoes a cycle:
​Process 1 to 2 is an expansion process where heat is added. The temperature remains constant.
Process 2 to 3 is a constant volume heat addition process.
​Process 3 to 4 is a compression process where heat is lost. The pressure remains constant.
​Process 4 to 1 is polytropic expansion, Pvⁿ​=constant with n=1.4 and it is adiabatic (Q=0).
​Assume air, ideal gas, with constant specific heats, k=1.4. R=.287kJ/kgK
​State 1: T=300K, P=150kPa
​State 2: T=300K, P=100kPa
State 3: P=600kPa
​State 4: P=600kPa

​a.) Find the temperature for State 3 and State 4.
​b.) For all 4 States, find volume(m³/kg)
​c.) For each process, (1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-1), find Q/m(kJ/kg), W/m(kJ/kg), and Δu(kJ/kg)
​d.) Plot all 4 States on a P-v diagram
​e.) Is this a power or refrigeration cycle?
​f.) Calculate the efficiency or coefficient of performance based on your answer to part e.

A pipe fitted with a closed valve connects two tanks. One tank contains a 5kg mixture of 62.5 percent CO2 and 37.5 percent O2 on a mole basis at 30C and 125kpa. The second tank contains 10kg of N2 at 15C and 200kPa. The valve in the pipe is opened and the gases are allowed to mix. During the mixing process 100kJ of heat enrgy is supplied to the combined tanks. Determine the final pressure and temperature of the mixture and the total volume of the mixture.