To find out if wealthier people are happier we collect data from 50 people about their income and their overall happiness on a scale from 1 to 10. The correlation coefficient comes out to be -0.25. Given that r=0.025 which means this is a weak negative correlation. In terms of strength, we can conclude that the correlation between income and happiness is moderate. In terms of direction, there is a negative correlation between happiness and income.  If we increase the number of subjects in the study to 1000 the errors will increase therefore we may not obtain the desired correlation. It is important to select data randomly because randomly selected data are biased free and give us an unbiased estimator for the population. Consider an example of students interested in a youth festival in a school. If we collect considered statistics class as a sample and get data from all the students this will not be a representative of the population here which is the school.

This is the response I received from my instructor:

Your description of the correlation coefficient was correct overall. Remember that it ranges from -1 to +1 and the closer it is to 0 the weaker it is, and the closer it is to 1 the stronger it is. As a result, if you have a correlation coefficient of -0.25, it would be closer to 0 than 1, which would imply it's relatively weak, although moderate is the word you used. It's not always clear how strong or weak, however, as there aren't definitive cut-offs to determine that. There's another consideration regarding sample size in that as you have a smaller size, there's the chance that the subjects who volunteer for studies have their own inherent reasons for volunteering. In most studies, subjects are volunteers and are therefore a very select group that usually has an interest in the subject or have a reason to participate. In other words, it seems that having a biased sample is almost inevitable as most studies require that subjects volunteer on their own. What does that say about the validity of the research experiments in which subjects volunteer for them - should researchers attempt to eliminate this option? How??

Please help with what he is asking.

What does that say about the validity of the research experiments in which subjects volunteer for them - should researchers attempt to eliminate this option? How??

What does that say about the validity of the research experiments in which subjects volunteer for them - should researchers attempt to eliminate this option? How??

this is the question and I don't know how to answer it

Gallatin Carpet Cleaning is a small, family-owned business operating out of Bozeman, Montana. For its services, the company has always charged a flat fee per hundred square feet of carpet cleaned. The current fee is $22.65 per hundred square feet. However, there is some question about whether the company is actually making any money on jobs for some customers—particularly those located on remote ranches that require considerable travel time. The owner’s daughter, home for the summer from college, has suggested investigating this question using activity-based costing. After some discussion, she designed a simple system consisting of four activity cost pools. The activity cost pools and their activity measures appear below:

Resource consumption is distributed across the activities as follows:

Job support consists of receiving calls from potential customers at the home office, scheduling jobs, billing, resolving issues, and so on.

1. Prepare the first-stage allocation of costs to the activity cost pools.

2. Compute the activity rates for the activity cost pools.

3. The company recently completed a 600 square foot carpet-cleaning job at the Flying N Ranch—a 51-mile round-trip journey from the company’s offices in Bozeman. Compute the cost of this job using the activity-based costing system.

4. The revenue from the Flying N Ranch was $135.90 (600 square feet @ $22.65 per hundred square feet). Calculate the customer margin earned on this job.

If you need more information please ask the cheeg system says there is a bad word in it somewhere and I can't find it.

Put the ideas into practice by extending the original Room class (from lab 5) to create an AcademicRoom.java class.

Room.java:

import java.util.*;
public class Room
{
// fields
private String roomNumber;
private String buildingName;
private int capacity;

public Room()
{
this.capacity = 0;
}
  
public int compareTo(final Room o){
return Integer.compare(this.capacity, capacity);
}
/**
* Constructor for objects of class Room
*
* @param rN the room number
* @param bN the building name
* @param c the room capacity
*/
public Room(String rN, String bN, int c)
{
setRoomNumber(rN);
setBuildingName(bN);
setCapacity(c);
}
  
/**
* Mutator method (setter) for room number.
*
* @param rN a new room number
*/
public void setRoomNumber(String rN)
{
this.roomNumber = rN;
}
  
/**
* Mutator method (setter) for building name.
*
* @param bN a new building name
*/
public void setBuildingName(String bN)
{
this.buildingName = bN;
}
  
/**
* Mutator method (setter) for capacity.
*
* @param c a new capacity
*/
public void setCapacity(int c)
{
this.capacity = c;
}
  
/**
* Accessor method (getter) for room number.
*
* @return the room number
*/
public String getRoomNumber()
{
return this.roomNumber;
}
  
/**
* Accessor method (getter) for building name.
*
* @return the building name
*/
public String getBuildingName()
{
return this.buildingName;
}
  
/**
* Accessor method (getter) for capacity.
*
* @return the capacity
*/
public int getCapacity()
{
return this.capacity;
}
}

3. The AcademicRoom.java should store information about the building name, room number, capacity, academic department associated with the room (CPSC, MATH, BUAD, ...) and also whether or not the room contains a projector. Make sure to utilize inheritance (only add new fields to AcademicRoom).

4. Include a constructor for the AcademicRoom class that takes advantage of the reserved word super. Also include appropriate getter/setter methods for the AcademicRoom.

5. Add James Farmer B6 to your list as well as two or three other classrooms of your choosing.

6. Implement a test program (TestAcademicRoom.java) with a main() that creates an ArrayList of AcademicRooms. After the list is created, allow the user to: (1) add another room to the list, and (2) search for rooms. The program should not add the room if it already exists in the list. The user should search by inputting a building name and optionally a room number. If a room number is not provided, the program should print all rooms in that building. If matches are found in the list, print all the data members associated with the AcademicRoom(s).

Part 1:

The clinic's receptionists who are your internal customers respond to you defensively. They tell you that the HIM staff won't answer the phone and that they want some backup when they are busy with patients. You talk to the HIM staff and find their stories are just as negative. They say they are being charged with more responsibilities but have no additional help. They also complain that the receptionists transfer the calls that they should be handling. Your HIM staff indicate that the receptionists know when patients schedule their appointments which is usually days in advance and there should be fewer STAT requests for patient records on the same day.   The clinic's nurses are also upset with the HIM staff; they claim that the department does not help them locate patient charts, causing long wait times for patients. The clinic's physicians say they cannot assume additional tasks to alleviate the situation because their days are already chaotic. They further indicate that they incur the wrath of the patients due to long waiting times.  The physicians cannot complete their routines on time because of backlog due to delays in acquiring patient records. As a clinician stated " without test results or patient data, our hands are tied and there is only so much we can do"......

1. What improvement tool(s) would you use to identify all possible reasons for the increase in complaints about the HIM department? Provide your rationale.

2. What tool(s) would you use to gather data to confirm the reasons for the complaints about the HIM department? Why?

3. You believe that complaints spike on certain days of the week. What tool(s) would you use to analyze/determine this theory?

4. You have gathered data about the causes of complaints. What tool(s) would you use to prioritize the problems?

5. You need to define and understand the current process for retrieving patient records. What tool would you use to visually define the process?

Note - Each question carries equal points (10 points for this part) . Submit your answers ALONG with questions as a word document. In case you believe there is a tie in the tool options, pick one that you believe fits the best (most appropriate for the situation - if you have a good rationale to support, some points will be given even if not ideal).   review the slides on QI tools and read chapter 6 prior to attempting this question.

IMTU Corporation (it stand for " Made This Up") had sales last year of $5,500,000. They sell heat shields to place on your lap for stupid McD's customers who insist on placing a cup of hot coffee between their legs. The materials cost $100,000 (that's good) but the labor to put them together costs $1,850,000 (yes they are union and yes the company is looking to move this operation "off-shore" next year but that's beyond the scope of this course). Advertising was just $80,000, as they mostly use word-of-mouth. They did need to raise some money this year. The bank loaned them $250,000 at 6% (that interest is due this year). The interest didn't worry them too much as it was partly off-set by the dividend check they received from McDonalds for $12,000 (hmmmmm - I wonder if there is a conflict of interest here?) Anyway, all things considered, "it was a very good year" so much so they paid their loyal shareholders $65,000 in common stock dividends. OK, given all that, what was their Federal tax bill?

Group of answer choices

Sales = $5,500,000

COGS = 100,000+1,850,000 = 1,950,000

Gross Profit = $3,550,000

Advertising = $80,000

Interest on the loan = $18,000

Income reported on dividends is only 20% due to exclusion. So reported is $1,600.

$3,550,000-80,000-15,000 = $4,455,000

$4,455,000+$3,600 = $4,458,600.

Federal taxable income is $4,458,600.

The actual taxes paid are $2,175,924

Sales = $5,500,000

COGS = 80,000+750,000 = 830,000

Gross Profit = $170,000

Advertising = $80,000

Interest on the loan = $12,000

170,000-50,000-12,000 = 108,000

Federal taxable income is $108,000

The actual taxes paid are $23,306.

Sales = $5,500,000

COGS = 100,000+1,850,000 = 1,950,000

Gross Profit = $3,550,000

Advertising = $80,000

Interest on the loan = $15,000

Income reported on dividends is only 30% due to exclusion. So reported is $3,600.

$3,550,000-80,000-15,000 = $3,455,000

$3,455,000+$3,600 = $3,458,600.

Federal taxable income is $3,458,600.

The actual taxes paid are $1,175,924

Sales = $5,500,000

COGS = 100,000+1,750,000 = 1,750,000

Gross Profit = $3,550,000

Advertising = $80,000

Interest on the loan = $17,000

Income reported on dividends is only 30% due to exclusion. So reported is $2,600.

$3,550,000-80,000-15,000 = $3,455,000

$3,455,000+$2,600 = $1,458,600.

Federal taxable income is $3,458,600.

The actual taxes paid are $1,175,924

It is required to design a synchronous sequential circuit that receives two input bit streams X and Y, and detects identical 4-bit sequences in both X and Y that are non-overlapping. The output Z is also a bit stream that produces a 1 only after detecting two identical 4-bit input sequences. Use an asynchronous reset input to reset the sequential circuit to its initial state.
Example:
X: 001010 110010 0111 1010100 0111
Y: 011010 100010 0111 1000100 0010
Z: 000001 000001 0001 0000001 0000
a) (5 points) Draw a Mealy state diagram of the sequential circuit.
b) (10 points) Implement your design using a minimal number of D-type flip flops and combinational logic. Show the K-maps and write the minimal next state and output equations. Draw the circuit diagram.
c) (10 points) Write a structural Verilog model that models your implemented sequential circuit by modeling the D Flip-Flops and instantiating them and modeling the combinational part using either assign statement or gate primitives.
d) (10 points) Write a test bench that tests your structural Verilog model in (c) using the given input sequence. Start by resetting all flip-flops and then apply the input sequences of X and Y shown above. Verify that your circuit produces the correct output by including the generated waveform from simulation.
e) (10 points) Write a behavioral Verilog description that models your state diagram in part (a).
f) (5 points) Write a test bench that tests your behavioral Verilog model of part (e). Start by resetting all flip-flops and then apply the input sequences of X and Y shown above. Verify that your circuit produces the correct output by including the generated waveform from simulation.
g) Submit a report (Word or PDF document) that should contain:
i. The state diagram of your design (part a).
ii. The K-maps, equations, and circuit diagram of your sequential circuit (part b).
iii. A copy of the Verilog modules and test benches of parts (c) to (f)
iv. The timing diagrams (waveforms) taken directly as snapshots from the simulator for
parts (d) and (f).
Take All the time you need.

Revised Deadline: December 2

Select a Audit Report on any ONE of the four colleges below by clicking on the link that I have provided.

You will find it quite interesting to see some of the challenges that the various colleges have had in complying with procedures and internal controls.

Write in your own words a 995 word paper on what you have read. Submit your responses here under this thread. Identify clearly the college that you have selected. You do not need to read the entire report for the purposes of this discussion. You can choose to comment on one or more than 1 item of interest. Citations are not necessary. You can use the links below to comment on an older report or visit the website directly for the Maryland State office of Legislative Audits(https://www.ola.state.md.us/ (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.) and do some navigating to find the latest reports , if you so choose.

1) Baltimore City Community College Operational Audit Report.

http://dlslibrary.state.md.us/publications/OLA/BaltCityCommColl_2010rev.pdf (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

2) University of Baltimore Operational Audit Report

http://www.ola.state.md.us/Reports/Fiscal%20Compliance/UB14.pdf (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

3) Coppin University Audit Report

http://dlslibrary.state.md.us/publications/OLA/USM/CS_2012.pdf (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

4) Morgan University Operational Audit Report

http://dlslibrary.state.md.us/publications/OLA/USM/MSU_2010.pdf (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.) (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

Summary:

Brown (1989) stated that “whenever the advance of civilization brought about the necessity of one man being entrusted to some extent with the property of another the advisability of some kind of check upon the fidelity of the former would become apparent.” Thus, as Schleifer and Vishny (1997) argue the need for 'some kind of check' ensures governance mechanisms are needed to make sure that agents do not “steal” or otherwise “misuse” the capital the principals’ supply.

Auditing is one such governance mechanism that serves principals (the company owner) by providing a reasonable assurance that management’s (agent) financial statements are free from material misstatements. And by reducing information asymmetry and agency costs, auditing potentially benefits both the principal and agent (if agent is honest). Merely conducting an audit, however, does not necessarily ensure the agent will 'abuse' their position and extrapolate wealth from the principal. Rather, it is the quality of the audit that will determine the effectiveness of the auditing process as a governance mechanism.

Some researchers (e.g., Holm and Thinggaard, 2014) and regulators (European Commission, 2010) have suggested the quality of the financial statement audit can be enhanced if conducted by more than a single audit firm. Others (e.g., Deng et al., 2014) have disputed this few whilst others have cited other attributes that would enhance the quality of the audit.

Required:

You are required to write an essay (between 1,200 to 1,500 words (excluding references)) addressing the following key points:

(a) Define and describe what is meant by "audit quality".

(b) What is the difference between a 'solo' and 'joint' audit.

(c) Evaluate why a 'joint audit' may or may not enhance audit quality.

(d) Aside from 'joint audit', identify at least four other factors/properties that may influence audit quality, and describe how these factors/properties may influence audit quality.

The essay should be structured properly (e.g., introduction, main body, conclusion) with the appropriate use of sub-headings and referencing. The first page of the essay is to be a cover page with your name, student identification number, the title of the course, the title of your essay and the date submitted. This is essay is to be an individual and original piece of work. If you make reference (i.e., quote, paraphrase) to work undertaken by others then you must accurately reference the source using an appropriate many.

The essay must be submitted only as an MS Word document.

People who hack into computer systems or use someone else’s bank card, through trial and error, will try to figure out the PIN (personal identification number) or password by using personal information. Because PIN numbers must be easily remembered by the person who uses one of these security devices, people often rearrange numbers or letters that are significant to them and use them as a password or PIN. For instance, someone may use the numbers in their birth date as a PIN number. Some will use initials or an important word in their passwords. Answer the following questions about a person who uses significant personal information for their PIN number.

1. If a PIN must be exactly four numbers long, how many possible PIN numbers could a person use?
2. A person decides to use numbers from their date of birth and year of birth in their PIN:

13th of August, 1987

If they use the numbers 13 and 87 in their PIN, how many different PINs could they have? List all the possible PIN numbers by using a tree diagram to organize your counting. The tree diagram has been started for you, but you must complete it.

Be careful. In this situation, each of the numbers will be used only once.

3. Say for instance this person’s PIN is 1387. If a hacker does not know your birth date or does not use your birthday, what is the probability that the hacker will obtain your PIN by chance?
4. If the hacker does know your birth date and decides to use these numbers in various combinations to find your PIN, what is the probability that the hacker will find out your PIN on the first try?
5. What if the person used the month and the year of his/her birth, specifically: 08 for the month and 87 for the year. How many different possible PINs could be used? Use a tree diagram to determine all the possible PINs so that each number is used once, except 8 that must be used twice.
6. If the person’s PIN is 8078, but the hacker does not know any of this information, what is the probability that they will obtain the PIN on the first try?
7. If the hacker does know the birth information and uses these four numbers, what is the probability that the hacker will obtain the PIN on the first try?
8. What do you conclude about the use of personal information to make up the numbers in a PIN? Describe how the knowledge of probability is useful in deciding on a PIN and in protecting personal information through the use of these PINs.