Vigenère Cipher

The Vigenère Cipher was more or less completely unbreakable from its introduction sometime in the 1500s until well into the 1800s.

The key in Vigenère is a key word that is used over and over again to give a different key to the Caesar cipher for each letter of the encryption (and decryption), with 'A', in good Python form, representing a rotation of 0. (We Pythonistas start at 0, not 1!)

So if the key is ABACUS, then we encrypt:

• the first letter of our message with a Caesar cipher with a key/rotation of 0, because A is the first letter of the alphabet,
• the second letter with a key/rotation of 1 (for the 'B'),
• the third letter with a rotation of 0 (for the second 'A' of ABACUS),
• the fourth letter with a key/rotation of 2 for the 'C',
• the fifth letter with a key/rotation of 20 for the 'U',
• the sixth letter with a key/rotation of 18 for the 'S',
• and wrap back to the start of our keyword ABACUS and encrypt the seventh letter with a key/rotation of 0 for the first 'A' in ABACUS

Back in the 1800s people wanting to use this system would make use of a Vigenère square, also known as the tabula recta, shown in the middle of the Wikipedia entry for the Vigenère cipher, but we can use Python.

Vigenère part of the homework: Write vig_encrypt() and vig_decrypt() functions. Each takes two strings as inputs, with the first being the plaintext/ciphertext, and the second being the key. Both should be calling functions you wrote earlier to help make the work easier.

The key will be a string consisting only of letters, but the letters might be in upper, lower, or mixed case. Important: If the plaintext to be encrypted has non-alphabetic characters (e.g., spaces or punctuation):

• Leave the non-alphabetic character unchanged just as you did for Caesar Cipher.
• Do not advance in use of the key for non-alphabetic characters in the plaintext. So for vig_encrypt('Hi Mom!', 'LEMON'), the H is encrypted according to the L from the key, the i (after conversion to I) is encrypted according to the E in the key, and the M in the plaintext is encrypted according to the M in the key (rather than according to the O in the key).

One check on your work: vig_encrypt('ATTACKATDAWN', 'LEMON') should return the string LXFOPVEFRNHR; another is that  vig_encrypt('Hi Mom!', 'LEMON') should return the string SM YCZ!

Marketing Plan

From the real international market, select a company of your choice wishing to start its activities in Saudi Arabia. The Company hired you as Marketing Manager of Saudi Arabian Region.

You have to establish a marketing department starting from the Analysis of the market, formulate overall marketing goals, objectives, strategies, and tactics within the context of an organization's business, mission, and goals designing and planning the entire function.

Write a Marketing Plan considering the following points (2x5=10 Marks)

1. Introduction, Goals and Objectives

To introduce this section you should include the "mission statement" of the business; an idea of what its goals are for customers, clients, employees and the consumer.

1. Introduction about the business.
2. Business vision and mission
3. Business objective.
4. Products and services offered

2. Environmental Analysis

Conduct an environmental analysis that looks at and comments on your local area and your network of business contacts, competitors and customers.

3. Target Market Analysis

Identify the target market, describing how the company will meet the needs of the consumer better than the competition does.

4. SWOT Analysis

Conduct a SWOT analysis for your chosen company based on your research.

Strengths: List the strengths of the business approach;

Weaknesses: Describe the areas of weakness in the company's operations;

Opportunities: Examine factors that may improve the business's chances of success;

Threats: List the external threats to the business' success.

5. Marketing Mix (4 P’s ) Analysis

Describe each of the 4Ps of your chosen company.

Product or Service

Identify the product or service by what it is, who will buy it, how much they will pay for it and how much it will cost for the company to produce it, why a consumer demand exists for your product, and where the product sits in comparison to similar products/services now available.

Place

Identify the location of the business, why it is located there (strategic, competitive, economic objectives), the expected methods of distribution, and timing objectives.

Promotion

Describe the type of promotional methods that will be used. Identify techniques such as word of mouth, personal selling, direct marketing, sales promotion etc. television, radio, social media and newspaper ads.

Price

The prices of the products or services that reflects the overall company strategy. Should be competitive as well as a reflection of the quality, costs and profit margin.

From the real international market, select a company of your choice wishing to start its activities in Saudi Arabia. The Company hired you as Marketing Manager of Saudi Arabian Region.

You have to establish a marketing department starting from the Analysis of the market, formulate overall marketing goals, objectives, strategies, and tactics within the context of an organization's business, mission, and goals designing and planning the entire function.

Write a Marketing Plan considering the following points (2x5=10 Marks)

1. Introduction, Goals and Objectives

To introduce this section you should include the "mission statement" of the business; an idea of what its goals are for customers, clients, employees and the consumer.

1. Introduction about the business.
2. Business vision and mission
3. Business objective.
4. Products and services offered

2. Environmental Analysis

Conduct an environmental analysis that looks at and comments on your local area and your network of business contacts, competitors and customers.

3. Target Market Analysis

Identify the target market, describing how the company will meet the needs of the consumer better than the competition does.

4. SWOT Analysis

Conduct a SWOT analysis for your chosen company based on your research.

Strengths: List the strengths of the business approach;

Weaknesses: Describe the areas of weakness in the company's operations;

Opportunities: Examine factors that may improve the business's chances of success;

Threats: List the external threats to the business' success.

5. Marketing Mix (4 P’s ) Analysis

Describe each of the 4Ps of your chosen company.

Product or Service

Identify the product or service by what it is, who will buy it, how much they will pay for it and how much it will cost for the company to produce it, why a consumer demand exists for your product, and where the product sits in comparison to similar products/services now available.

Place

Identify the location of the business, why it is located there (strategic, competitive, economic objectives), the expected methods of distribution, and timing objectives.

Promotion

Describe the type of promotional methods that will be used. Identify techniques such as word of mouth, personal selling, direct marketing, sales promotion etc. television, radio, social media and newspaper ads.

Price

The prices of the products or services that reflects the overall company strategy. Should be competitive as well as a reflection of the quality, costs and profit margin.

The debate regarding the legalization of drugs, particularly that of soft drugs like cannabis (or marijuana) is capable of being characterized as one which pits the concept of freedom of the individual against the concept of a paternalistic State. Advocates of legalization argue, amongst other things, that cannabis is not only less harmful than legal substances like alcohol and tobacco, but as a matter of fact has been proven to possess certain medicinal properties. In stark contrast, those opposed to legalization argue that the legalization of cannabis will act as a precursor to increased addiction to hard drugs, and will necessarily lead to an increase in the crime rate itself.

In 1937, the Marijuana (Marijuana) Tax Act was introduced by Henry Anslinger and passed, levying taxes on anyone who was associated with cannabis, hemp, or marijuana. These types of association include possession, use, sale, and many other acts which would be considered illegal today. In addition to the taxes provisioned by the bill, penal codes for the procedural use and possession of marijuana were also outlined - violators could face five years in prison in up to a $2,000 fine. In 1951, an act that superseded the Marijuana Tax Act was passed criminalizing the possession and use of cannabis, hemp, and/or marijuana. In 1969, in the case of Leary v. United States, the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 was overturned on the grounds of the 5th Amendment because those seeking a tax stamp would have to incriminate themselves. In 1970, Congress passed the Controlled Substances Act listing cannabis as a Schedule I drug. Despite the Controlled Substances Act of 1970, many states and local cities began to decriminalize marijuana citing possession/use/sale/etc. as low priority offenses. Although many attempts have been made to reschedule cannabis off Schedule I, the Supreme Court ruled in a 2005 decision in the case of United States v. Raich, the federal government has jurisdiction over the legal status of marijuana.

Today, States are debating, and in some cases, bringing to their voters, the legalization of Marijuana.

What are the characteristics of absolute and relative moral theories? What is the relationship between the two?

Using the information above about marijuana legalization, what arguments can be made both "for" and "against" using these moral theories?

500 WORD MINIMUM

Application assignment: using Excel

Descriptive Statistics of Quantitative Data (measured on Ratio scale).

Use this file for submission, but use Excel to do your work and copy and paste in the appropriate places identified in this word file.

Note: The following Excel functions in answering Questions 1 and 2 below.

AVERAGE , AVEDEV, COUNT, CORREL, MIN, MAX, MDIAN, MODE, STDEV , STDEVP, STDEV.P, and STDEV.S

Q3. Data Analysis descriptive   Option on Excel 2010 or later to obtain descriptive statistics (Mean, Standard Error, Median, Mode,… ) of both variables X and Y.

Insert your answer here .

Note: Copy the data for the two variables into an excel file and calculate the Descriptive Statistics of both X and Y (using Excel) as explained in class. After you find the required statistics in excel copy them and paste your answer below.

Descriptive for the X values:

Descriptive for the X values:  

Table 1

Kirk is a bright individual who is being groomed for the Controller’s position in a medium-sized manufacturing firm. After his first year as Assistant Controller, the officers of the firm were starting to include him in major company functions. For instance, today he was attending the monthly financial statement summary given at a prestigious consulting firm. During the meeting, Kirk was intrigued at how all the financial data he had been accumulating was transformed by the consultant into revealing charts and graphs. Kirk was generally optimistic about the session and the company’s future until the consultant started talking about the new manufacturing plant the company was adding to the current location and the costs per unit of the chemically plated products it produced. At that time, Bob (the President) and John (the chemical engineer) started talking about waste treatment and disposal problems. John mentioned that the current waste facilities were not adequate to handle the waste products that would be created by the “ultramodern” new plant in a manner that would meet the industry's fairly high standards, although they could still comply with federal standards. Kirk’s boss, Henry, noted that the estimated cost per unit would be increased if the waste treatment facilities were upgraded according to recent industry standards. While industry standards are presently more stringent than federal regulations, environmentalists are strongly pressuring for more stringent regulations at the federal level. Bob mentioned that since their closest competitor did not have the waste treatment facilities that already existed at their firm, he was not in favor of further expenditure in this area. Most managers at this meeting resoundingly agreed with Bob, and business continued on to another topic. Kirk did not hear a word during the rest of the meeting. He kept wondering how the company could possibly have such a casual attitude toward the environment. Yet he did not know if, how, or when he could share his opinion. Soon he started reflecting on whether this was the right firm for him. What should Kirk do? Putting Corporate Responsibility first, but recognizing the politics at play, what is the most ethical thing to do? The most practical? What strategy would you suggest to Kirk if he came to you for advice?

Read the text and in group of two to five students answer the questions

As a new member of the board of directors for a local bank, Mr. Jack Nelson was being introduced to all the employees in the home office (Headquarters of a firm).

When he was introduced to Mrs. Johnson, he was curious about her work and asked her what the machine she was using did. Mrs. Johnson replied that she really did not know what the machine was called or what it did. She explained that she had been working there for two months and she has not received a clear list describing her tasks, duties and responsibilities yet.

At one of the branch offices, the supervisor in charge spoke to Nelson confidentially, telling him that "something was wrong," but she didn't know what. For one thing, she explained, employee turnover was too high, and no sooner had one employee been put on the job than another one resigned.

All branch supervisors hired their own employees without communication with the home office (Headquarters of a firm) or other branches. In case of job vacancy, the supervisor tried to find a suitable employee to replace the worker who had quit.

After touring the 22 branches and finding similar problems in many of them, Nelson wondered what the home office should do or what action he should take. The banking firm generally was regarded as being a well-run institution that had grown from 27 to 191 employees during the past 8 years. The more he thought about the matter, the more puzzled Nelson became.

He couldn't quite put his finger on the problem, and he didn't know whether to report his findings to the president.

Questions

1. Identify and describe two main problems faced by the bank's home office and branches in terms of HRM. Justify your answer from the text.

2. Discuss HRM ineffective practices that led to such problems. Justify your answer from the text .

3. Based on the Human Resources strategic qualities, discuss the way a high turnover rate can affect the efficiency of the bank .

Note : Answers in Word Format and in details and in Own Words

• The speed at which a processor can process instructions can be increased by making its clock speed higher, or by increasing the amount of L1 cache memory on the processor chip.

  Explain the terms clock speed and L1 cache and briefly discuss how increasing each of them increases the speed at which instructions can be processed.

  The maximum word limit for Question 3(a) is 150 words.

• b.You have the choice of buying two processors:

  • Processor 1 has a clock speed of 4.0 GHz with 32 KiB of L1 cache.
  • Processor 2 has a clock speed of 2.0 GHz with 64 KiB of L1 cache.

  In order to decide which to buy, you decide to estimate the time each processor will take to process a program with 10,000 RISC instructions. Each RISC instruction takes one clock pulse to execute once it is in the registers, and has a size of 4 bytes.

  • i.Show that a program consisting of 10,000 RISC instructions will fit into 64 KiB of L1 cache, but will not fit into 32 KiB of L1 cache.
  • ii.It takes 1 nanosecond (1 x 10^-9 s) to move an instruction from L1 cache to the registers and 9 nanoseconds to move an instruction from L2 cache to the L1 cache. Assume that for Processor 2, all of the instructions can be found in L1 cache and for Processor 1, all of the instructions that won’t fit in L1 cache can be found in L2 cache.

    How much time is needed to load all 10,000 instructions into the registers for each processor. Write your answers in seconds, using scientific notation.

  • iii.For each processor, calculate the time it takes to execute 10,000 RISC instructions. Write your answers in seconds, using scientific notation.
  • iv.Using your results from part (ii) and part (iii), for each processor, calculate the total amount of time to load 10,000 RISC instructors from cache memory to the registers, and then to execute them.

    You may assume that no data is needed for this test program. in each case you will only need to calculate the time to move 10,000 instructions into the registers and the time to execute the 10,000 instructions. You will then find the total time for each processor by adding these two values.

    Write your answers in seconds, using scientific notation.

1. Errors with Pronouns - Faulty Agreement

Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns, noun phrases, or other pronouns. Pronouns can be the subject of a sentence, the object of a sentence, or in the possessive case. A pronoun should agree in number and gender with its antecedent. An antecedent is the word the pronoun stands for. The following is one rule for pronouns.

Rule: Use the singular pronoun with "everyone," "anyone," and "each."

Incorrect: Each player on the girls’ soccer team wants their coach to play them in the championship game.

Correct: Each player on the girls’ soccer team wants her coach to play her in the championship game.

Directions: Click on the blank lines that follow and select the pronoun that agrees with its antecedent.

Swamp Coffee

The Greatest Toronto-Based Band in History

Fan Trivia

1. The band members refuse to reveal how the band got its/their name. Each of the popular theories has its/their merits, but the general public may never know the truth.

2. A local music critic claimed she/her will never forget the first time hearing this band's music. The sound is unique, making it hard to classify. When asked why there are no vocals, lead guitarist Halil Shafak says the message is in the music itself/themselves. .

3. Halil writes most of the songs alone in the studio.He/Him and bass guitarist Seth Spence then rework the songs together.

4. Near the end of the autumn 2013 concert tour, drummer Maya Creedy temporarily quit the band when Halil yelled at her/she for improvising too much. Halil later apologized to Maya and she/her rejoined the band. At the time, she told reporters that she felt bad for Halil because no one is more misunderstood than he/him .

5. Fans designed the band's last three album covers. Each of the winning designers received free concert tickets and had her/our picture taken with the band.

6. When asked if he would ever break up the band and go solo, Halil said the other members of the band were like family, so he/him could never do that to them/they.

Marketing Plan

From the real international market, select a company of your choice wishing to start its activities in Saudi Arabia. The Company hired you as Marketing Manager of Saudi Arabian Region.

You have to establish a marketing department starting from the Analysis of the market, formulate overall marketing goals, objectives, strategies, and tactics within the context of an organization's business, mission, and goals designing and planning the entire function.

Write a Marketing Plan considering the following points (2x5=10 Marks)

1. Introduction, Goals and Objectives

To introduce this section you should include the "mission statement" of the business; an idea of what its goals are for customers, clients, employees and the consumer.

1. Introduction about the business.
2. Business vision and mission
3. Business objective.
4. Products and services offered

2. Environmental Analysis

Conduct an environmental analysis that looks at and comments on your local area and your network of business contacts, competitors and customers.

3. Target Market Analysis

Identify the target market, describing how the company will meet the needs of the consumer better than the competition does.

4. SWOT Analysis

Conduct a SWOT analysis for your chosen company based on your research.

Strengths: List the strengths of the business approach;

Weaknesses: Describe the areas of weakness in the company's operations;

Opportunities: Examine factors that may improve the business's chances of success;

Threats: List the external threats to the business' success.

5. Marketing Mix (4 P’s ) Analysis

Describe each of the 4Ps of your chosen company.

Product or Service

Identify the product or service by what it is, who will buy it, how much they will pay for it and how much it will cost for the company to produce it, why a consumer demand exists for your product, and where the product sits in comparison to similar products/services now available.

Place

Identify the location of the business, why it is located there (strategic, competitive, economic objectives), the expected methods of distribution, and timing objectives.

Promotion

Describe the type of promotional methods that will be used. Identify techniques such as word of mouth, personal selling, direct marketing, sales promotion etc. television, radio, social media and newspaper ads.

Price

The prices of the products or services that reflects the overall company strategy. Should be competitive as well as a reflection of the quality, costs and profit margin.