Barriers to Healthcare for Women and Minorities

Poverty and lack of education are two big barriers to healthcare for women and minorities. Low levels of education are associated with low life expectancies and high mortality rates. People living in poverty often lack education about when, why, and where to access healthcare. There have been various legislative activities in the US to improve public health.

On the basis of your understanding of the access to healthcare facilities and impacts of barriers to healthcare access, answer the following questions:

Explain at least three public health campaigns targeting access to healthcare for women and/or minorities. Describe at least two aspects of their advertising strategies that have addressed income and education.

Abortion has been the subject of numerous legislative activities in the United States. How have various legislations affected low-income and minority women?

Describe the legal battle over birth control devices in the United States. Include how access to healthcare has been affected by the legal decisions.

Describe the legal barriers to healthcare access for low-income immigrant minorities.

Review the articles, "Ethnic and gender disparities in needed adolescent mental health care", and "Overlooked and underserved: Improving the health of men of color". Explain what it means to be "overlooked" by the healthcare system.

Discuss at least two examples that illustrate why minorities are often overlooked in the healthcare system. Do you agree or disagree with these reasons, why or why not?

Despite the fact that school-based psychological counseling is available to all students, Thomas et al., report that ethnic disparities in mental healthcare access and utilization still persist. Explain why this disparity exists. What can be done to decrease mental health access and utilization barriers for low-income and minority students?

What strategies does former U.S. Surgeon General, David Satcher, M.D., discuss that will decrease the potential for minorities to be overlooked by the healthcare system?

Work through the National Budget Simulation ( SEE LINK BELLOW) . in an effort to achieve a budget deficit of $1100B dollars. Scenario: The President of the United States has been elected on the promise of fiscal responsibility. By law he cannot reduce the net interest paid on the debt. The President's budget is projected to leave the country with a $1100B deficit. The United States is subject to global security concerns. At the same time, a lingering recession and financial markets rescue package reduces the government's tax revenues and forces the government to increase its spending on unemployment benefits, welfare, housing assistance, food stamps, and other need-based programs. Because of the increased spending and reduced revenues, the nation falls into a projected deficit of nearly XXX in 2015 (This is the first piece of the information you need to find). The President is committed to keeping his campaign promises in order to avoid future crisis over the US's financial standing. He must raise taxes, cut spending, or a combination of both to stay within his new guideline of a deficit below $1100B. The President turns to you, his trusted economic advisor, for help. (Note: While some events in this scenario reflect actual events, others are hypothetical for the purposes of this exercise. Budget figures in the simulation are actual White House figures of 2012, including spending and revenues of 2012.) Given the information you watch and read in the preceding Module 7 activities, use that background to answer the following questions for discussion. Since the simulation is using 2012 numbers, start off with actual numbers just to inject a sense of reality into this discussion. Research this information from a reliable source and begin your analysis with what you found. Detail your choices for cuts and spending, paying close attention to what you read in the Bowles and Montgomery articles. Finally, analyze the effect your choices will have on the economy.

LINK:

https://archive.econedlink.org/national-budget-simulator.php

A U.S.-based firm is considering a five- year project in Colombia. The following information is available about the project: Initial investment. The initial investment of USD 750,000 is used to purchase capital equipment. This equipment will be depreciated straight line to zero. At the end of five years, the remaining equipment will be sold for Colombian Peso (COP) 12,000,000. Working capital. The investment in working capital is COP 180,000,000. There are no changes in working capital until the end of the project when the full amount is recovered. Units, price, and costs. The firm will produce 1750 units of a product annually. The selling price is expected to be COP 599000 in the first year. This price is expected to increase at a rate of 3 percent annually. The direct expense per unit is expected to be COP 240000 in the first year. This is expected to increase at a rate of 7 percent annually. Indirect expenses are expected to be COP 75,000,000 annually. Taxes and miscellaneous. Colombian taxes on income and capital gains are 33 percent. There are no additional withholding taxes. All cash flows are repatriated when generated, and there are no additional U.S. taxes. The parity conditions are assumed to hold between Colombia and the United States. The
FINC 6367 – International finance Excel Homework Page 2
relevant inflation indexes indicate a rate of 2.5 percent for the United States and 6 percent for Colombia. Spot USDCOP equals 2900. Brady’s USD denominated WACC is 12.5 percent.

a. Calculate COP cash flows.

b. What is the appropriate COP discount rate? Calculate the project NPV.

c. Use parity conditions to generate future spot rates. Calculate the project NPV in USD.

d. Calculate break- even units.

e. Now assume that the COP rate of annual depreciation doesn’t follow parity conditions. What is the break- even rate of depreciation in COP? Assuming the USD inflation is unchanged, what is the COP inflation rate consistent with this break- even depreciation?

2. “I am for fair trade. Clothing workers in Asia work for almost nothing and so the only way that we can have fair trade between these nations and the United States is by imposing tariffs on imports of clothing until the Asian companies pay their workers a decent wage. The tariffs will help us, because we’ll keep jobs in the United States, and they will help Asian workers because the companies will have to pay the workers a living wage.” These statements have a variety of errors. Discuss the mistakes.

3. The government imposes a tariff on imported rice. In a diagram, show the effect on the price and quantity imported.

Answer the following multiple choice questions.

4. Exports ____ consumer surplus in the domestic country and ____ producer surplus in the domestic country.
a. increase; increase
b. decrease; decrease
c. increase; decrease
d. decrease; increase

5. Suppose the country of Atlantica imposes a tariff on foreign-produced cars. As a result,
a. the tariff revenue collected by the government in the Atlantica increases.
b. the number of imported cars increases.
c. Atlantica’s total surplus does not change.
d. Atlantica’s total surplus increases.

6. A business which contends that it needs temporary protection so that it can grow large enough to compete with foreign producers is using an argument known as the
a. growth case for tariffs.
b. social advantages case for tariffs.
c. infant-industry case for tariffs.
d. price fluctuations case for tariffs.

7. A reason for trade protection that most economists support include
a. other countries have lax environmental standards.
b. a poor country cannot spend resources on “green” production techniques.
c. poor countries have low wages and advanced nations cannot compete because their wages are higher.
d. None of the above.

8. The gains from free trade accrue to a ____ number of people and the costs of free trade are imposed on a ____ number of people.
a. small; large
b. large; small
c. small; small
d. large; large

Dollin Inc. is incorporated under Virginia law and has its corporate headquarters in Richmond. Dollin is a distributor; it purchases tangible goods from manufacturers and sells the goods to retailers. It has a branch office through which it sells goods in the United Kingdom and owns 100 percent of a French corporation (French Dollin) through which it sells goods in France. Dollin’s financial records provide the following information for the year:

• Dollin pays state income tax in Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. All three states tax their apportioned share of Dollin’s net income from worldwide sales. Because Virginia is Dollin’s commercial domicile, it also taxes Dollin’s U.S. source (but not foreign source) dividend income net of any federal dividends-received deduction. The states have the following apportionment factors and tax rates:
  

  	Apportionment Factor			Tax Rate
  Virginia	43.19	%		6.00	%
  North Carolina	11.02	%		7.75	%
  South Carolina	39.52	%		5.00	%

• Dollin paid $149,200 income tax to the United Kingdom.
• Dollin elects to claim the foreign tax credit rather than to deduct foreign income taxes.
  Brio Inc. is a taxable U.S. corporation. Dollin owns 2.8 percent of Brio’s stock.
• Dollin has owned 100 percent of the stock of French Dollin for 10 years. None of French Dollin's earnings are considered GILTI or subpart F income.
• Earnings of the UK branch are not considered FDII.
  

1. Compute Dollin’s state income tax for Virginia, North Carolina, and South Carolina.
2. Compute Dollin’s federal income tax. Assume that Dollin paid the state taxes during the year, and no state income tax is allocable to foreign source income.

Once the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) prohibits the sale of a particular product in the United States, a manufacturer can no longer sell the product to U.S. wholesalers or retailers. However, the product can be sold in other countries that have not prohibited its sale. The same is true of other countries' sales to the United States. For example, Great Britain outlawed the sale of the prescription sleeping pill, Halcion, but sales of the drug continue in the U.S. The British medical community reached conclusions regarding the pill's safety that differed from the conclusions reached by the medical community and the Food and Drug Administration in the U.S. Some researchers who conducted studies on the drug in the U.S. simply concluded that stronger warning labels were needed.

The CPSC outlawed the sale of three-wheeled all-terrain cycles in the U.S. in 1988. While some manufacturers had already turned to four-wheel models, other manufacturers still had inventories of three-wheel cycles. Testimony on the cycles ranged from contentions that the vehicles themselves were inherently dangerous, to arguments that the vehicles

were safe but drivers were too young, too inexperienced, and more inclined to take risks. Still, the three-wheeled vehicle can be sold outside the U.S. For many companies, chaos follows a product recall because inventory of the recalled product may be high. Often, firms must decide whether to "dump" the product in other countries or take a write-off that could

damage earnings, stock prices, and employment stability. If you were a manufacturer holding substantial inventory of a product that has been outlawed in the U.S., what ethical concerns would you have about selling the product in countries that do not [yet] prohibit its sale? Please discuss those concerns and the arguments for and against taking action based on those concerns. To what extent will your decision be affected by the level of the write-down in income you must take?

Adjusting entry

the prepaid insurance account is reported at $800 on the December 31, 2019, unadjusted trial balance. Analysis of the insurance coverage reveals that the company has two policies that were acquired at the same premium :

A- policy A for 3 years was acquired on January 1, 2017.

b- policy B for 2 years was acquired on January 1, 2019.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a cytotoxic T cell?

Which of the following cells can be classified as a professional antigen presenting cell?

Which of the following destroys virus-infected cells?

What type of immunity results from recovery from mumps?

What type of immunity results from vaccination?

Question 10 options: