The table below shows the distribution of dietary vitamin-A intake as reported by 14 students who filled out a dietary questionnaire in class.
The total intake is a combination of intake from individual food items and vitamin pills. The units are IU/100 (International Units/100)

a. Calculate the mean, median, mode for these data
b. Calculate the range and inter-quartile range for these data
c. Construct a stem-and-leaf plot using this data. Describe the shape of the distribution
d. Construct a box-plot for these data. Are there any outliers? If your answer is yes, identify the outliers.

What is the purpose of the alternative minimum tax and who pays it? How was the individual alternative minimum tax impacted by the December 2017 tax reform law?

Review available tax credits discussed in chapter 12 of the text. Compare the tax credits that you actually take with the tax credits you would like to take.

Explain why you made the particular selections.

For the tax credit(s) that you would like to take, explain why you are not able to take the tax credits(s).

For the tax credits that you actually take, explain the benefits that you receive from the tax credit(s).

If you have never prepared a tax return or looked at this information before, what do you find most significant about the information that you read about tax credits?

How, if at all, were the tax credits that you take or would like to take impacted by the December 2017 tax reform law?

Question 1: Use the eight phases of the communication process to analyze a miscommunication you’ve once had with a classmate, teacher, friend, or family member. What idea were you trying to share? How did you encode and transmit it? Did the receiver get the message? How do you know? Based on your analysis, identify and explain the barriers prevented your successful communication in this instance.

Question 2: Based on what you studied in chapter 1, explain why you think this situation is an ethical dilemma or an ethical lapse.

Mark worked as a marketing specialist for 10 years in a well-known car company. Due to financial issues, he lost his job with the company. After about 6 months, he found a new job in another company with the same position he used to hold before. To impress his supervisor, he shared with him confidential information about his previous (competing) employer's major clients.

Question 3:After five years of work in the human resources department at Cell Genesys ( a company that is developing cancer treatment drugs), you were laid off in a round of cost cutting moves that rippled through the biotech industry in recent years. The good news is that you found stable employment in the grocery distribution industry. The bad news is that in the three years since you left Cell Genesys, you have truly missed working in the exciting biotechnology field and having the opportunity to be a part of something as important as helping people recover from life-threatening diseases. You know careers in biotech are uncertain, but you have a few dollars in the bank now, and you’re willing to ride the rollercoaster again. This means going back to the biotech industry.

Your Task: Write an email to Calvin Morris, your old boss at Cell Genesys, reminding him of the time you worked together and asking him to write a letter of recommendation for you.

Question 4: Revise these sentences to be positive rather than negative.

1. You messed up the interview. Your answers were rude and inappropriate.
2. Despite our reminders, you have not specified the color of the electronic clocks. As we need time to make bulk arrangements, we cannot ship the shipment until you send us the information.

Question 5: Revise these sentences to eliminate bias.

1. James, an African American basketball player, lives in Los Angeles.
2. A pilot must have the ability to stay calm under pressure, and then he must be trained to cope with any problem that arises.
3. A company owned by a 65-year white woman earned a million dollars last year.

The following data represents the winning percentage (the number of wins out of 162 games in a season) as well as the teams Earned Run Average, or ERA.

The ERA is a pitching statistic. The lower the ERA, the less runs an opponent will score per game. Smaller ERA's reflect (i) a good pitching staff and (ii) a good team defense. You are to investigate the relationship between a team's winning percentage - YY, and its Earned Run Average (ERA) - XX.

(a) Using R-Studio, create a scatter-plot of the data. What can you conclude from this scatter-plot?

A. There is a negative linear relationship between a teams winning percentage and its ERA.
B. There is a positive linear relationship between a teams winning percentage and its ERA.
C. There is not a linear relationship between the a teams winning percentage and its ERA.


(b) Use R-Studio to find the least squares estimate of the linear model that expressed a teams winning percentage as a linear function of is ERA. Use four decimals in each of your answers.

YˆiY^i =

equation editor

  ? + -  

equation editor

XiXi

(c) Find the value of the coefficient of determination, then complete its interpretation.

r2=r2=

equation editor

(use four decimals)

The percentage of  ? variation standard deviation the mean  in  ? a teams winning percentage a teams earned run average  that is explained by its linear relationship with  ? the teams winning percentage the teams earned run average  is

equation editor

%.

(d) Interpret the meaning of the slope term in the estimate of the linear model, in the context of the data.

As a teams  ? winning percentage earned run average  increases by  ? one percentage point one earned run  the teams  ? winning percentage earned run average  will  ? will increase by an average of will decrease by an average of will increase by will decrease by  

equation editor

. (use four decimals)

(e) A certain professional baseball team had an earned run average of 3.45 this past season. How many games out of 162 would you expect this team to win? Use two decimals in your answer.

equation editor

games won

(f) The team mentioned in part (e) won 91 out of 162 games. Find the residual, using two decimals in your answer.

please answer with details:

Q- International Electronic Products Ltd. (IEP) have sales revenue of€365m p.a. earned evenly throughout the year. They offer all customers 30 days credit, half of whom adhere to the terms, while the other half takes an average of 70 days credit. The business is considering offering a 2% discount to all customers who adhere to the 30 days credit term. Market research shows that this 2% discount offer will result in half of those who pay in 70 days paying in 30 days, but the balance will still take 70 days. But importantly, the scheme is also expected to reduce bad debts by €300,000 per annum.

i- Calculate the cost / benefit of this proposal, if IEP are currently paying 12% per annum interest on a continuing overdraft of approx €50m.

ii- Comment on whether should IEP go ahead with the proposed scheme?

SCENARIO:A nurse is concerned about patients’ abilities to maintain a healthy lifestyle after medical interventions. This concern focuses on the patients’ inabilities to change and maintain healthy behaviors to reduce recurrence of the disease. The nurse believes that the patients may have individual characteristics that explain why some appear more successful in maintaining a healthy lifestyle and why some return to previous behaviors. The nurse conducts a literature search and finds some linkage to individual differences in personality and change and maintenance of new behavior. The nurse also finds linkage between self-motivation and lifestyle behavior changes and maintenance. As a result of the literature search, the nurse believes that patients who are high in Conscientiousness (one of the factors in the Five-Factor Theory of personality) make better patient candidates for recovery (changing and maintaining new healthy lifestyle behaviors). The nurse also believes that if the patient is made aware of their family history of similar diseases that it would motivate the patient to maintain lifestyle changes. The nurse decides to run a small study to collect some preliminary data. The nurse in cooperation with two local hospitals randomly assigns the hospital as comparison and experimental groups. From the hospital lists of people starting recovery, the nurse randomly selects 10 patients from each hospital to follow. The nurse contacts the individual patients in the experimental group and after getting their permission administers the NEO-PI-3, a measure of personality, and completes a Genogram for the patient over three sessions. The nurse also contacts the individual patients in the control group and after getting their permission administers the NEO-PI-3. The nurse follows the patients for a three month period. At the end of the period, it does appear that patients that are high in Conscientiousness maintain their new healthy lifestyle changes. Also, the nurse conducts interviews with all the patients to determine their motivation level and finds some mixed results about the use of the Genogram as a motivator to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

Questions:

1. What kind of study is this according to the methodology used? Justify your choice.

2. Write a research hypothesis/hypotheses or question(s) for this study and identify the independent and dependent variables in the study.
3. Critique the internal and external validity of the study as it is designed.
4. What type of data analyses was used in this study? Explain why you responded as you did.

5. If you were going to conduct a funded follow-up study, how would you redesign to enhance its validity and its generalizability?  In your redesign be sure to address the appropriateness of the tests used to measure the outcomes of the study and the statistical procedure(s) or other data analyses techniques that you would use to analyze data.

Please answer all the questions

1. High School Graduates Who Take the SAT. The national average for the percentage of high school graduates taking the SAT is 49%, but the state averages vary from a low of 4% to a high of 92%. A random sample of 300 graduating high school seniors was polled across a particular tristate area, and it was found that 195 of them had taken the SAT. Estimate the true proportion of high school graduates in this region who take the SAT with 95% confidence.

2. Salaries for Actuaries Nationwide. The average salary of actuaries who achieve the rank of Fellow is $150,000. An insurance executive wants to see how this compares with Fellows within his company. He checks the salaries of eight Fellows and finds the average salary to be $155,500 with a standard deviation of $15,000. Can he conclude that Fellows in his company make more than the national average, using  = 0.05?

3. A study was conducted by the Department of Zoology at the Virginia Tech to estimate the difference in the amounts of the chemical orthophosphorus measured at two different stations on the James River. Orthophosphorus was measured in milligrams per liter. Fifteen samples were collected from station 1, and 12 samples were obtained from station 2. The 15 samples from station 1 had an average orthophosphorus content of 3.84 milligrams per liter and a standard deviation of 3.07 milligrams per liter, while the 12 samples from station 2 had an average content of 1.49 milligrams per liter and a standard deviation of 0.80 milligram per liter. Find a 95% confidence interval for the difference in the true average orthophosphorus contents at these two stations, assuming that the observations came from normal populations with different variances.

The Fleming Foundation is a charitable organization founded by Gaylord Fleming and Sandy Fleming. The Flemings intended for the charity to provide programs in health care for the elderly, particularly those in poverty. The two main program divisions of the foundation are mental health for the elderly and housing for the elderly. In addition to these programs, the Foundation also provides health care educational programs and has a significant fund-raising effort to help the Foundation grow and accomplish the goals of the founders. The Foundation is organized into two operating departments—education and program management. These departments are supported by two service departments—information technology (IT) and administration. To summarize, there are four departments (two service departments and two operating departments) and two programs (mental health and housing for the elderly). The service department costs are allocated to the operating departments, and then the operating department costs are allocated to the programs. There are $420,000 of costs directly traceable to each of the four departments. An additional $42,000 of indirect costs is shared among the four departments—$22,500 of which is allocated to the departments based on labor hours and $19,500 of which is allocated to the departments based on the number of personnel (head count) in the departments. The cost, labor hours, and head count in these departments in the most recent year are as follows: Departments Direct Cost Labor Hours Head Count Information technology $ 7,000 2,000 1 Administration 128,000 2,000 4 Education 118,000 4,000 4 Program management 167,000 2,000 3 $ 420,000 IT serves education, administration, and program management 20%, 20%, and 60% of its time, respectively. Administration serves education, IT, and program management 40%, 10%, and 50% of its time, respectively. The costs of the two operating departments (education and program management) are allocated to the two programs (mental health and housing) as follows: the costs in Education are allocated on the basis of labor hours in the programs, while the costs in program management are allocated using the head count used in the two programs. The following table shows the labor hours and head count consumption by the two programs. Labor Hours Head Count Mental health 1,000 1 Housing 1,000 2 Labor hours in education 2,000 Head count in program management 3 Required: Determine the costs allocated to the mental health and housing programs using the (a) direct method, (b) the step method (assuming that IT goes first), and (c) the reciprocal method. (Round percentage calculations to 4 decimal places (e.g., 33.3333%). Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your final answer to nearest whole dollar amount.)

Proterra was founded by Dale Hill in 2004 with a vision to design and manufacture world-leading, advanced technology heavy-duty vehicles powered solely by clean domestic fuels. After launching a first successful fleet of alternative fuel buses in the 1990s, Proterra focused on developing the 'bus of tomorrow.' Proterra Inc. also designs and manufactures heavy-duty vehicles including EcoRide, a battery electric and zero-emissions bus, and Proterra Catalyst, an electric transit vehicle. The company manufactures a TerraFlex Energy System that enables customers to select amount and type of energy storage to meet specific route requirements, plus TerraVolt fast-charge batteries, TerraVolt extended range batteries, an on-route charge station and in-depot charging services. It offers financing solutions, route simulation analysis, battery lifecycle management, and standard warranty services (Proterra, 2015). It serves customers throughout the United States. The company is privately owned, but is in the process of becoming a public corporation. With this expectation, the firm's chief executive officer (CEO) has asked for determination of which of two companies appears to be a better peer to compare itself against, New Flyer Industries, Inc. (a Toronto-based firm), or Tesla. Tesla Motor Vehicles designs, develops, manufactures, and sells high-performance fully electric vehicles and stationary energy storage units similar to certain Proterra products. Tesla Motors has subsidiaries in North America, Europe and Asia, with the primary purpose of these subsidiaries being to market, manufacture, sell and/or service their vehicles (Tesla Motors, 2016). New Flyer was founded in 1930, and is now the largest transit bus and motorcoach manufacturer and parts distributor in North America with fabrication, manufacturing, distribution and service centers in Canada and the United States. It is North America's heavy-duty transit bus leader and offers clean diesel, natural gas, diesel-electric hybrid, electric-trolley and battery-electric. Information regarding Tesla and New Flyer is given here, for your use in comparing these firms.

Tesla Versus New Flyer

Significance

Measure

TSLA

NFI

Total Market Value of all outstanding shares.

Market capitalization

33.63B

1.831B

Number of outstanding shares currently held by all shareholders.

Outstanding shares of stock

147.28M

59.742M

A Beta coefficient indicates the systemic risk that an asset has relative to an average asset. A risk-free asset has a Beta of zero.

Beta

1.28

0.16

The return the firm must earn on its existing assets to maintain the value of its stock, and the required return on any investments by the firm that have essentially the same risks as existing operations.

WACC

9.03%

8.34

PE ratio divided by expected future earnings growth (after multiplying the growth rate by 100).

PEG Ratio

18.47

0.5

A measure of profit per dollar of assets.

ROA

-7.04%

6.26%

A measure of how the stockholders fared during the year.

ROE

-113.20%

13.21%

A measure of how much investors are willing to pay per dollar of current earnings. Higher PEs are often taken to mean the firm has significant prospects for future growth.

P/E Ratio

-29.17

25.3

Ratio of Net income to sales.

Profit Margin

-23.91%

-3.83%

References

Bloomberg. United States rates and bonds.

Federal Reserve. (2016). Federal Reserve economic data.

Korosec, K. (2015). This startup is gearing up to be the Tesla of electric buses. Fortune Magazine.

Proterra. (2015). About Proterra.

Securities and Exchange Commission. (n.d.) SEC.gov home.

Tesla Motors. (2016). Tesla Motors, Inc. 2016 annual report.

Yahoo. (n.d.) Yahoo finance.

Assume that you are the finance manager for Proterra and you have been asked to provide an analysis of the following issues, as the firm develops benchmarks for its cost of capital (WACC) estimates. The firm's CEO has instructed you to use the pure play approach to estimate its WACC cost of capital, and has chosen Tesla Motors (ticker symbol TSLA) and New Flyer (ticker symbol NYI.TO) as possible representative peers (Korosec, 2015).

QUESTION: Analyze the relative applicability or inapplicability of utilizing these firms as peers to evaluate Proterra's likely cost of capital, with the given above data about Proterra, Tesla and New Flyer, and the lessons of Capital Market History.

Proterra was founded by Dale Hill in 2004 with a vision to design and manufacture world-leading, advanced technology heavy-duty vehicles powered solely by clean domestic fuels. After launching a first successful fleet of alternative fuel buses in the 1990s, Proterra focused on developing the 'bus of tomorrow.' Proterra Inc. also designs and manufactures heavy-duty vehicles including EcoRide, a battery electric and zero-emissions bus, and Proterra Catalyst, an electric transit vehicle. The company manufactures a TerraFlex Energy System that enables customers to select amount and type of energy storage to meet specific route requirements, plus TerraVolt fast-charge batteries, TerraVolt extended range batteries, an on-route charge station and in-depot charging services. It offers financing solutions, route simulation analysis, battery lifecycle management, and standard warranty services (Proterra, 2015). It serves customers throughout the United States. The company is privately owned, but is in the process of becoming a public corporation. With this expectation, the firm's chief executive officer (CEO) has asked for determination of which of two companies appears to be a better peer to compare itself against, New Flyer Industries, Inc. (a Toronto-based firm), or Tesla. Tesla Motor Vehicles designs, develops, manufactures, and sells high-performance fully electric vehicles and stationary energy storage units similar to certain Proterra products. Tesla Motors has subsidiaries in North America, Europe and Asia, with the primary purpose of these subsidiaries being to market, manufacture, sell and/or service their vehicles (Tesla Motors, 2016). New Flyer was founded in 1930, and is now the largest transit bus and motorcoach manufacturer and parts distributor in North America with fabrication, manufacturing, distribution and service centers in Canada and the United States. It is North America's heavy-duty transit bus leader and offers clean diesel, natural gas, diesel-electric hybrid, electric-trolley and battery-electric. Information regarding Tesla and New Flyer is given here, for your use in comparing these firms.

Tesla Versus New Flyer

Significance

Measure

TSLA

NFI

Total Market Value of all outstanding shares.

Market capitalization

33.63B

1.831B

Number of outstanding shares currently held by all shareholders.

Outstanding shares of stock

147.28M

59.742M

A Beta coefficient indicates the systemic risk that an asset has relative to an average asset. A risk-free asset has a Beta of zero.

Beta

1.28

0.16

The return the firm must earn on its existing assets to maintain the value of its stock, and the required return on any investments by the firm that have essentially the same risks as existing operations.

WACC

9.03%

8.34

PE ratio divided by expected future earnings growth (after multiplying the growth rate by 100).

PEG Ratio

18.47

0.5

A measure of profit per dollar of assets.

ROA

-7.04%

6.26%

A measure of how the stockholders fared during the year.

ROE

-113.20%

13.21%

A measure of how much investors are willing to pay per dollar of current earnings. Higher PEs are often taken to mean the firm has significant prospects for future growth.

P/E Ratio

-29.17

25.3

Ratio of Net income to sales.

Profit Margin

-23.91%

-3.83%

References

Bloomberg. United States rates and bonds.

Federal Reserve. (2016). Federal Reserve economic data.

Korosec, K. (2015). This startup is gearing up to be the Tesla of electric buses. Fortune Magazine.

Proterra. (2015). About Proterra.

Securities and Exchange Commission. (n.d.) SEC.gov home.

Tesla Motors. (2016). Tesla Motors, Inc. 2016 annual report.

Yahoo. (n.d.) Yahoo finance.

Assume that you are the finance manager for Proterra and you have been asked to provide an analysis of the following issues, as the firm develops benchmarks for its cost of capital (WACC) estimates. The firm's CEO has instructed you to use the pure play approach to estimate its WACC cost of capital, and has chosen Tesla Motors (ticker symbol TSLA) and New Flyer (ticker symbol NYI.TO) as possible representative peers (Korosec, 2015). You will deliver your analysis in the form of a memo, or formal communication addressed to the firm's CEO. In this discussion, you are to present this memo in which you:

QUESTION:

Using the information provided here and speaking of Finance Director of Proterra, brief the firm's CEO, analyzing: Analyze the relative applicability or inapplicability of utilizing these firms as peers to evaluate Proterra's likely cost of capital, given what you know about Proterra, Tesla and New Flyer, and the lessons of Capital Market History.