1) Company's Current ratio

2017 Current ratio = 2.055

2016 Current ratio = 2.077

Explain what information this ratio provides (define), and what the results mean specifically to your

company. Use complete sentences in your own words.

Has the current ratio improved?_________________________

2) Company's Debt ratio

2017 Debt Ratio =0.417987 = 41.799%

2016 Debit Ratio = 0.415240 = 41.524%

Explain what information this ratio provides (define), and what the results mean specifically to your

company Use complete sentences

Has the ratio improved? __________________

3) company Profit Margin

2017 Profit Margin Ratio = 0.232000663 =23.200%

2016 Profit Margin Ratio = 0.199640614 =19.964%

Explain what information this ratio provides (define), and what the results mean specifically to your

company. Use complete sentences.

Has the ratio improved? __________________

4) Return on assets

2017 Return on assets = 0.116538645 =11.654%

2016 Return on assets = 0.09205004 = 9.205%

Explain what information this ratio provides (define), and what the results mean specifically to your

company. Use complete sentences

Has the ratio improved? __________________

Chapter 6, Section 2-CI, Exercise 109

What Influences the Sample Size Needed?

In this exercise, we examine the effect of the margin of error on determining the sample size needed. Find the sample size needed to give, with 95% confidence, a margin of error within ±, 8 . Within. ±, 5 Within ±, 1. Assume that we use ά= 25 as our estimate of the standard deviation in each case. Round your answers up to the nearest integer.

ME= 8: n= _______

ME=5: n= _______

ME= 1: n= _______

The International League of Triple-A minor league baseball consists of 14 teams organized into three divisions: North, South, and West. Suppose the following data show the average attendance for the 14 teams in the International League. Also shown are the teams' records; W denotes the number of games won, L denotes the number of games lost, and PCT is the proportion of games played that were won.

(a)

Use α = 0.05 to test for any difference in the mean attendance for the three divisions.

State the null and alternative hypotheses.

H₀: μ_N = μ_S = μ_W
H_a: μ_N ≠ μ_S ≠ μ_WH₀: Not all the population means are equal.
H_a: μ_N = μ_S = μ_W    H₀: μ_N ≠ μ_S ≠ μ_W
H_a: μ_N = μ_S = μ_WH₀: μ_N = μ_S = μ_W
H_a: Not all the population means are equal.H₀: At least two of the population means are equal.
H_a: At least two of the population means are different.

Find the value of the test statistic. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)

Find the p-value. (Round your answer to three decimal places.)

p-value =

State your conclusion.

Reject H₀. There is not sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean attendance values are not equal for the three divisions.Do not reject H₀. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean attendance values are not equal for the three divisions.    Do not reject H₀. There is not sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean attendance values are not equal for the three divisions.Reject H₀. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean attendance values are not equal for the three divisions.

(b)

Use Fisher's LSD procedure to determine where the differences occur. Use α = 0.05.

Find the value of LSD for each pair of divisions. (Round your answers to two decimal places.)

North and SouthLSD=North and WestLSD=South and WestLSD=

Find the pairwise absolute difference between sample attendance means for each pair of divisions. (Round your answers to the nearest integer.)

x_N − x_S

=

x_N − x_W

=

x_S − x_W

=

Which attendance means differ significantly? (Select all that apply.)

There is a significant difference in mean attendance between the North division and the South division.There is a significant difference in mean attendance between the North division and the West division.There is a significant difference in mean attendance between the South division and the West division.There are no significant differences.

3. A certain chemical pollutant is in the Hudson River. After environmental efforts the average is supposed to be ?=34 ???. We may assume that x follows a normal distribution with ?=6 ???. A random sample at 40 locations has a sample mean of 32.5 ppm. Use a 5% level of significance and test whether the mean amount of pollutant is less than 34 ppm?

a) State the null hypothesis H and the alternate hypothesis H.

b) What is the value of the sample test statistic (either z or t)?

The sample test statistic is and the value is_______

c) Find the P-value or show the critical region and critical value(s) on a graph of the sampling

distribution.

The P-value is ________

d) Based on your answers for parts (a) through (c), will you reject or fail to reject the null

hypothesis? Explain your answer.

In the study, the authors state the following: “Because ventilator-free days and days free of multiple organ dysfunction syndromes are known to have a bimodal distribution, the data were initially analyzed by means of Student’s t-test, with between-group differences presented as means and 95% confidence intervals. A secondary analysis of these outcome measures involving a bootstrapped t-test was also conducted to support the results of the primary analysis…”

Try to Justify the logic of these two sentences.

i. why did they initially use a method based on Student’s t-test and why did they do a secondary analysis with a “bootstrapped t-test”. Try to explain briefly what the latter means.

We appreciate that there is no right or wrong answer to this question. Your argument is an important part of your response.

Brian, Edison, and Kevin are lumberjacks who live next to a forest that is open to logging; in other words, anyone is free to use the forest for logging. Assume that these men are the only three lumberjacks who log in this forest and that the forest is large enough for all three lumberjacks to log intensively at the same time.

Each year, the lumberjacks choose independently how many acres of trees to cut down; specifically, they choose whether to log intensively (that is, to clear-cut a section of the forest, which hurts the sustainability of the forest if enough people do it) or to log nonintensively (which does not hurt the sustainability of the forest). None of them has the ability to control how much the others log, and each lumberjack cares only about his own profitability and not about the state of the forest.

Assume that as long as no more than one lumberjack logs intensively, there are enough trees to regrow the forest. However, if two or more log intensively, the forest will become useless in the future. Of course, logging intensively earns a lumberjack more money and greater profit because he can sell more trees.

The forest is an example of a_________ (A club good, A private good, A public good, A common resource).

Because the trees in the forest are________ (Excludabel, Nonexcludable) And ________ (Rival in consumption, Nonrival in consumption).

Depending on whether Edison and Kevin both choose to log either nonintensively or intensively, fill in Brian's profit-maximizing response in the following table, given Edison and Kevin's actions.

                          Edison’s and Kevin’s Actions

                                  Log nonintensively                      Log Intensively

Brian’s Profit Maximizing Response (Log intensively or Log nonintensively (Intesnively or Nonintensively)

Which of the following solutions could ensure that the forest is sustainable in the long run, assuming that the regulation is enforceable? Check all that apply.

1. Outlaw intensive logging.

2. Develop a program that entices more lumberjacks to move to the area.

3. Convert the forest to private property and allow the owner to sell logging rights.

Please explain things in the correct order so that it is easy to understand.

What is your understanding of the purpose and usefulness of job costing? Explain in your own words how you interpret this concept?

Part A Choose ONE of the costing systems studied in this unit from the list below, and answer the questions that follow: • Job Costing • Process Costing • Operation Costing (Hybrid Costing) • Activity-based Costing (ABC) Questions: 1. Briefly discuss the features of your chosen costing system. 2. Identify 2 specific Australian companies that your chosen costing system is suitable for, and explain why. 3. Discuss two potential uses of the cost information for decision-making, to the managers in each of the 2 organisation selected in Q2 above. Part B Choose one peer reviewed journal article (from any country) on the: Use of your chosen costing system in a real-life organisation (i.e. a case-based empirical study). The article should be published between 2005 – 2020. Choose your article only after you have accessed and reviewed several relevant articles, and then choose the best article that will answer the questions below. Questions: 1. Based on your chosen costing article, briefly summarise how the costing system was designed and implemented in your real-life organisation. 2. Based on your chosen costing article, did the costing system in the study satisfy the features discussed in Part A (Q1)? Why or why not? Include examples in your answer from your costing article. 3. Based on your chosen costing article, how useful was the cost information to the internal users in the organisation? Discuss with examples from your costing article. 4. Based on your literature findings, state two key lessons that would inform contemporary organisations about the practical use of your chosen costing system.

A traffic signal has a cycle length of 90 seconds. For the travel direction of interest: (1) Green Time = 60 seconds; (2) Red Time = 30 seconds; (3) Arrival Rate = 30 veh/min; (4) Saturation Flow (i.e. the queue discharge rate) = 1 veh/sec.

a) Calculate the total delay (veh*s) for the travel direction of interest.

b) What is the maximum queue size (veh)?

Assume road works are taking place ON THE STREET, downstream from the intersection, so that only 40 veh/min (in the direction of interest) can pass. The departure from the signalised intersection will be the arrival at the work zone section. Assume that the queue at the downstream restriction never backs-up into the intersection.

c) Calculate the maximum queue (veh) caused by the street work in one traffic signal cycle.

d) Calculate the total delay (veh*s) caused by the street work in one traffic signal cycle.