According to the EPA’s prospective analysis of the 1990 to 2010 period, total social benefits (TSB) associated with the CAAA of 1990 are estimated at $690 billion and the comparable total social cost (TSC) estimates are $180 billion (both in $1990).

a. Explain why these data do not communicate whether the regulations outlined by the CAAA of 1990 are efficient.

b. Using three separately labeled graphs of conventionally-shaped TSB and TSC functions show that these values indicate that the regulations outlined in the CAAA of 1990 are (i) efficient; (ii) too lenient; and (iii) too stringent.

According to Stanovich (2010), case studies and testimonials stand as isolated phenomena. They lack the comparative information necessary to prove that a particular theory or therapy is superior. However, it is wrong to cite a testimonial or a case study as a support for a particular theory or therapy. What might have happened in science if a psychologist or an individual cite a testimonial or a case study as a support for a particular theory or therapy? why, why not?

Q1: Which of the following is not an algorithm?

1. A recipe.
2. Operating instructions.
3. Textbook index.
4. Shampoo instructions (lather, rinse, repeat).

Q2: Which of the following is true?

1. Pseudocode is used to describe an algorithm.
2. Pseudocode is translatable by the programmer into a programming language (like Java).
3. Pseudocode is used to describe executable statements that will eventually be translated by the programmer into a program.
4. All of the above.

Q3: Which of the following is not a benefit of “goto-less programming”?

1. Easier to debug and modify
2. Shorter
3. Clearer
4. More likely to be bug free

Q4: Which of the following is not a control structure:

1. Sequence structure.
2. Selection structure.
3. Repetition structure.
4. Action structure.

Q5: Which of the following is an action-state symbol?

1. diamonds.
2. circles.
3. rectangles with left and right sides replaced with arcs curving outward.
4. rounded rectangles.

Q6: Which statement is false?

1. Unless directed otherwise, the computer executes Java statements one after the other in the order in which they are written.
2. Activity diagrams normally show the Java code that implements the activity.
3. Like pseudocode, activity diagrams help programmers develop and represent algorithms.
4. The arrows in the activity diagram represent transitions, which indicate the order in which the actions represented by the action states occur.

Q7: Which of the following is a double-selection control statement?

1. do…while.
2. for.
3. if…else.
4. if.

Q8: Which of the following is not a Java keyword?

1. do
2. next
3. while
4. for

Q9: What is output by the following Java code segment?

int temp;

temp = 200;

if ( temp > 90 )

   System.out.println( "This porridge is too hot." );

if ( temp < 70 )

   System.out.println( "This porridge is too cold." );

if ( temp == 80 )

   System.out.println( "This porridge is just right!" );

1. This porridge is too hot.    
2. This porridge is too cold.
3. This porridge is just right!
4. None of the above.

Q10: A decision symbol in an activity diagram takes the shape of a ________.

1. Diamond.
2. Rectangle.
3. Circle.
4. Question Mark.

Q11: Which of the following is not included in an activity diagram for a control structure?

1. Transition arrows
2. Attribute
3. Action state
4. Decision symbols

Q12: Which of the following is not true about the conditional operator ( ?: )?

1. The conditional operator is a ternary operator, meaning that it takes three operands.
2. The first operand is a boolean expression.
3. The second operand is the result value if the condition evaluates to false.
4. The second operand is the result value if the condition evaluates to true.

Q13: What is output by the following Java code segment?

int temp;

temp = 180;

if ( temp > 90 )

{

   System.out.println( "This porridge is too hot." );

   // cool down

   temp = temp – ( temp > 150 ? 100 : 20 );

} // end if

else

{

   if ( temp < 70 )

   {

      System.out.println("This porridge is too cold.");

      // warm up

      temp = temp + (temp < 50 ? 30 : 20);

   } // end if

} // end else

if ( temp == 80 )

   System.out.println( "This porridge is just right!" );

1. This porridge is too hot.
2. This porridge is too cold.
   This porridge is just right!
3. This porridge is just right!
4. None of the above.

Q14: A dangling-else can be clarified by using:

1. Indentation
2. Parentheses ()
3. Braces {}
4. End-of-line comment //

Q15: The empty statement is denoted with what symbol?

1. Semicolon ;
2. Parentheses ()
3. Braces {}
4. End-of-line comment //

ANS: a. Semicolon ;

Q16: Which statement is false?

1. Both syntax errors and logic errors are caught by the compiler.
2. Both syntax errors and logic errors have effects at execution time.
3. Syntax errors are caught by the compiler. Logic errors have effects at execution time.
4. Logic errors are caught by the compiler. Syntax errors have effects at execution time.

Q17: What is output by the following Java code segment?

int temp;

temp = 180;

while ( temp != 80 )

{

   if ( temp > 90 )

   {

      System.out.print( "This porridge is too hot! " );

      // cool down

      temp = temp – ( temp > 150 ? 100 : 20 );

   } // end if

   else

   {

      if ( temp < 70 )

      {

         System.out.print(

            "This porridge is too cold! ");

            // warm up

            temp = temp + (temp < 50 ? 30 : 20);

      } // end if

   } // end else

} // end while

if ( temp == 80 )

      System.out.println( "This porridge is just right!" );

1. This porridge is too cold! This porridge is just right!
2. This porridge is too hot! This porridge is just right!
3. This porridge is just right!
4. None of the above.

Q18: Which of the following is not an error (either a syntax error or a logic error)?

1. Neglecting to include an action in the body of a while statement that will eventually cause the condition to become false.
2. Spelling a key word (such as while or if) with a capitalized first letter.
3. Using a condition for a while statement that is initially false.
4. An infinite loop.

Q19: In an activity diagram, the merge symbol has the same shape as what other symbol?

1. Decision symbol
2. Action symbol
3. Transition arrows
4. Initial state

By analyzing the following country risk profile of Brazil, provide a self explanatory of at least 200 words of your personal opinion of whether a company should business with or in Brazil. Justify your answer and also include your personal thoughts about the below country risk profile.

"Economic Risk : Brazil is the world's eighth largest economy. The nation is trying its best at remaking itself after the downturn that happened five years prior, when the economy shrunk by nearly 7%. From that point forward, Brazil hasn't had the option to develop at a similar movement it was accustomed to, during the decade prior to the downturn. Nonetheless, things appear to be gazing upward monetarily in Brazil, yet the current recuperation is a moderate one. In 2019, the nation's GDP became 1.1%, against 1.3% in 2018, and it is relied upon to tumble to - 5.3% in 2020 because of the episode of the COVID-19 and get to 2.9% in 2021, as indicated by the refreshed IMF conjectures from fourteenth April 2020. In 2019, expansion rate was equivalent to 3.7% - same pattern in 2018 and is required to remain moderately steady, at 3.6% in 2020 and 3.3% in 2021 in spite of the COVID-19 pandemic. All things considered, costs have gone up by 25% since the downturn - and compensations haven't followed. Government obligation is at present 91.6%, and should increment in the following two years, to 93.9% in 2020 and 94.5% in 2021. The nation is as yet buried owing debtors, and the Brazilian president says the principal offender is the annuity framework, as he accepts individuals to resign soon with such a large number of advantages. Monetary solidification is the administration's fundamental goal, yet the Brazillian president's guarantee to diminish the irregularity to zero this year isn't achievable. The administration spending balance enlisted in 2019 a deficiency of 6.3% which is required to diminish in 2020 and 2021, coming to 6%. The joblessness rate in Brazil is still high, arriving at 11.9% in 2019, a little improvement contrasted with 12.3% of 2018.

Political Risk: President Jair Bolsonaro has been in power since the start of 2019. At first, him and his team's supportive business plans were very popular and he had the option to supervise the section of a pension reform bill. This bill was to spare the nation an expected USD 195 billion, as it raised the retirement age and contained other income sparing measures. Nonetheless, the pandemic has expanded focuses of contradiction between the president and the congress, bringing about an increased political conflict and diminishing the probability that Brazil will have the option to proceed on a more positive note. The administration had been focused on fiscal consolidation but, considering the pandemic, extra financial changes are far-fetched. The administration's monetary reaction to the pandemic is to expand the monetary shortage to over 9% of GDP. Corruption scandals and investigations is an on-going issue for the nation. Brazil is positioned to be 106 out of 180 nations in the latest Corruption Perceptions Index.

Geographical/ Environmental: Despite the fact that Brazilian courts are yet to issue decisions in activities identified with environmental change, Brazil has been progressively giving critical indications that climate change is a pattern that can't be overlooked. In 2010, the So Paulo State Public Prosecutor's Office recorded activities against the excess of 30 organizations looking for pay for GHG outflows. After ten years, none of the organizations were viewed as a risk, however one of those organizations, documented against KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, which lead to a forthcoming examination by the Superior Court of Justice. In 2019, IBAMA, which is what could be compared to the United States Environmental Protection Agency ("EPA"), filed a lawsuit against a steel organization and its investors looking for pay for climate damages brought about by the consuming of unlawful coal in the production of steel. In June 2020, opposition political groups documented claims against the Brazilian government because of its absence of activity regarding the Climate Fund and Amazon Fund, which has been prompting the suspension of the assets tasks, affecting ventures, exploration and exercises that try to moderate environmental change and that in any case could be profited by the funds reserve. Formal proceedings are required to be held soon by the Brazilian Supreme Court to examine these activities. The Brazilian Association of Environmental Public Prosecutors joined forces with the Institute for Climate and Society to advance an atmosphere suit capacitation course for investigators, for which will motivate the examining and adjusting techniques for battling environmental change in Brazil."

The following table shows the number of customer complaints against airlines operating in a country during the given year.

Use interpolation to estimate the number of complaints in 2005.

(Round your answer to the nearest whole number.)

The interpolated value for

2005 is _______ complaints.

A study of the amount of time it takes a mechanic to rebuild the transmission for a 2010 Chevrolet Colorado shows that the mean is 8.4 hours and the standard deviation is 1.8 hours. If 40 mechanics are randomly​ selected, find the probability that their mean rebuild time is less than 8.9 hours. Round to four decimal places. A.0.9756 B.0.9605 C.0.4276 D.0.9589

Are the following statements true or false? (a) Only about 80% of the current revenues flowing into the Social Security system are needed for benefit payments to current retirees. (b) Between 1980 and 2010, most of the social security surplus was used to reduce the national debt. (c) Changes in demographic conditions during the next two decades will be favorable to the Social Security system.

Several states challenge the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (2010) mandate to purchase health insurance. These challenges were meet by a strong government response. In 2012, the US Supreme Court ruled in a 5 to 4 decision that the mandate to purchase was constitutional. From the second e-Activity review the option in the case and explain the Court's rationale for upholding the mandate.

^{The number of new businesses established in the US since 1990 can be modeled by the function Nx=110.8x^3-5305.5x^2+76,701x+332,892 where x = 0 represents 1990 and the domain is [0, 25].}      

1) What was the average rate of change in the number of new businesses established between 2000 and 2010? Don’t forget to label and interpret the answers.  

c. The standard of living in China is higher than the standard of living in Belgium as the size of China’s real GDP in 2018 (using 2010 constant prices) was USD10,800,568.39 million compared to Belgium’s USD538,738.79 million (figures from the World Development Index Database). Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Refer to the UN Human Development Index to Justify your answer.