Great University is planning to build a new parking deck for increasing the number of parking spaces for its faculty members, staff, and students. Marcus Araujo is the Vice Chancellor (Business Affairs) at Great University. Mr. Araujo had hired Mala Iyer (a bachelor’s degree holder in Mathematics) as a Project Scheduler in December 2019. The proposal for the new project had to be given to the Board of Trustees by April 15th, 2020. As part of the project proposal, Mr. Araujo was planning to include a section on Costs and Budgets for the project.   

In his weekly meeting with Mala Iyer (on March 25th, 2020), Mr. Araujo asked her to give him the preliminary outline for the costs and budgets for the new parking deck project. Marcus Araujo then added “Mala, I know that you have not prepared costs and budgets in the past. However, I would like you to make an attempt to include the details of different types of project costs, direct and indirect costs, recurring and non-recurring costs, fixed and variable costs, normal and expedited costs, cost estimations, and project budget”.   
Mala, with not much of a background in accounting and business, was at a loss on where to begin. Help Mala Iyer by explaining the following concepts (including the limitations and advantages of using the different methods) as they relate to the new parking deck project:

a) Different Types of Project Costs.
b) Direct and Indirect Costs, Recurring and Non-Recurring Costs, Fixed and Variable Costs, and Normal and Expedited Costs.
c) Cost Estimations (Ballpark Estimates, Comparative Estimates, Feasibility Estimates, and Definitive Estimates).
d) Project Budgets (Top Down Budgeting, Bottom-up Budgeting, and Activity Based Costing).
e) Developing Budget Contingencies.
  

1). Canner Co., organized on January 2, 2020, had pretax accounting income of $960,000 and taxable income of $3,120,000 for the year ended                                               
December 31, 2020. The only temporary difference is accrued product warranty costs which are expected to be paid as follows:                                              
                                              
   2021       $720,000                                   
   2022       360,000                                  
   2023       360,000                                  
   2024       720,000                                  
                                              
The enacted income tax rates are 35% for 2020, 30% for 2021 through 2023, and 25% for 2024. If Canner expects taxable income in future years,                                               
the deferred tax asset in Canner's December 31, 2020 balance sheet should be                                              
a.   $432,000                                           
b.   $504,000                                           
c.   $612,000                                           
d.   $756,000

2). Ames Corp. prepared the following reconciliation of income per books with income per tax return for the year ended December 31, 2020:                                          
                                          
   Book income before income taxes                               2,700,000       
   Add temporary difference                                      
       Construction contract revenue which will reverse in 2021                           240,000       
   Deduct temporary difference                                      
       Depreciation expense which will reverse in equal amounts in                                  
       each of the next four years                           (960,000)      
   Taxable income                               1,980,000       
                                          
The enacted income tax rate is 21% in 2020. How should Ames report deferred taxes?                                          
a.   DTA (current) 50,400; DTL (noncurrent) 201,600.                                      
b.   DTL (noncurrent) 201,600                                      
c.   DTL (noncurrent) 151,200                                      
d.   DTL (noncurrent 100,800  

3). Baker Corp.'s 2020 income statement had pretax financial income of $500,000 in its first year of operations. Baker uses an accelerated cost                                           
recovery method on its tax return and straight-line depreciation for financial reporting. The differences between the book and tax deductions                                           
for depreciation over the five-year life of the assets acquired in 2020, and the enacted tax rates for 2020 to 2024 are as follows:                                          
                                          
       Book Depreciation                                   
       Over (Under) Tax           Tax Rates                      
   2020       (100,000)       35%                      
   2021       (130,000)       30%                      
   2022       (30,000)       30%                      
   2023       120,000       30%                      
   2024       140,000       30%                      
                                          
There are no other temporary differences. In Baker's December 31, 2020 balance sheet, the noncurrent deferred income tax liability and                                           
the income taxes currently payable should be                                          
                                          
   Deferred Income       Income Taxes                              
   Tax Liability       Currently Payable                              
a.   $78,000        $100,000                               
b.   $78,000        $140,000                               
c.   $30,000        $120,000                               
d.   $30,000        $140,000                                                                                                               
                          

Laura Leasing Company signs an agreement on January 1, 2020, to lease equipment to Vaughn Company. The following information relates to this agreement.

Prepare all of the journal entries for the lessee for 2020 to record the lease agreement, the lease payments, and all expenses related to this lease. Assume the lessee’s annual accounting period ends on December 31. (For calculation purposes, use 5 decimal places as displayed in the factor table provided and round answers to 2 decimal places, e.g. 5,265.25. Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. Record journal entries in the order presented in the problem.)

Ayayai Corp., a public company incorporated on June 28, 2019, set up a single account for all of its intangible assets. The following summary discloses the debit entries that were recorded during 2019 and 2020 in that account:

INTANGIBLE ASSETS-AYAYAI
July
1,   2019       8-year franchise; expiration date of June 30, 2027       $42,000
Oct.
1           Advance payment on office lease (2-year lease)
28,000
Dec.   31
Net loss for 2019 including incorporation fee, $1,000; related legal fees of organizing, $5,100;
expenses of recruiting and training staff for start-up of new business, $3,700       17,000
Feb.
15,   2020       Patent purchased (10-year life)
74,400
Mar.   1           Direct costs of acquiring a 5-year licensing agreement
75,000
Apr.   1           Goodwill purchased (indefinite life)
278,400
June   1           Legal fee for successful defence of patent (see above)
12,815
Dec.   31           Costs of research department for year
75,000
31           Royalties paid under licensing agreement (see above)
2,775

The new business started up on July 2, 2019. No amortization was recorded for 2019 or 2020. The goodwill purchased on April 1, 2020, includes in-process development costs that meet the six development stage criteria, valued at $173,000. The company estimates that this amount will help it generate revenues over a 10-year period.

(a)

Prepare the necessary entries to clear the Intangible Assets account and to set up separate accounts for distinct types of intangibles. Make the entries as at December 31, 2020, and record any necessary amortization so that all balances are appropriate as at that date. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually. If no entry is required, select "No Entry" for the account titles and enter 0 for the amounts. Round answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 5,275.)

Date
Account Titles and Explanation
Debit
Credit
Dec. 31, 2020

(To clear Intangible Assets account)
Dec. 31, 2020

(To correct for amortization on franchises)
Dec. 31, 2020

(To correct for rent payments)
Dec. 31, 2020

(To record amortization
expense on patents)
Dec. 31, 2020

(To record amortization
expense on licences)
Dec. 31, 2020

(To record amortization expense
on development cost)

In the City of Albany, suppose the mill rate for the property tax is $33 for the year 2020 and the appraised value for your home is $300,000, how much would your property tax be in 2020?

Using the actual/365 convention, calculate the accrued interest based on $60,258 value and a 1.7% coupon.

Accrual begins on 3/12/2020 and ends (and includes) 9/3/2020

Amazonian Corporation has the following tax information:

A. In 2020, Amazonian incurred a net operating loss (NOL) of $350,000, which the company elected to carry back. The statutory corporate tax rate in 2020 and for all future years is 22%. Prepare Amazonian's journal entry to record the effect of the loss carry back.

B. Assume instead that in 2020 Amazonian incurred an NOL of $2,000,000 and that the company elected to carry back the loss. The statutory corporate tax rate in 2020 and for all future years is 22%. Prepare the journal entry to record the effects of the NOL.

Flatiron Corp has the following budgeted sales in each quarter of the year 2020:

Expected Sales

Q1 $ 300,000

Q2 $ 320,000

Q3 $ 340,000

Q4 $ 360,000

Cash collection information are as follows:

1. Of all sales, 80% are on credit.

2. For the credit sales made in the year 2020; 60% of credit sales are collected in the quarter in which the sale is made; 30% are collected in the following quarter; and 10% are collected in the second quarter after sale.

3. Accounts Receivable is estimated to be $60,000 on December 31,2019. The company expects to collect all outstanding receivable in the first quarter of 2020.

What is the total cash collection for the first quarter of 2020?