Part I: Between-Groups Design

In the between-groups design, researchers were interested in whether cholesterol levels would differ depending on diet. Twenty participants were randomly assigned to one of two different groups. Group A was assigned a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and with no trans fats. Group B participants were asked to follow their normal diets, which contained varying levels of trans fats depending on the individual. After one month, blood samples were drawn and the following levels of cholesterol were obtained:

In 2 to 3 sentences in a Microsoft Word document, answer the following questions:

• What is the independent variable in this study?
• What are the levels of that independent variable?
• What is the dependent variable?

Part II: Within-Subjects Design

In the within-subjects design, researchers were interested in whether participants could lower their cholesterol levels by changing from a diet higher in trans fats to one with no trans fats. Ten research participants were selected. A baseline measure of cholesterol was taken from each. They were then put on a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and devoid of trans fats for one month. At the end of that month, blood cholesterol was again measured and the following results were obtained:

In 2 to 3 sentences in a Microsoft Word document, answer the following questions:

• What is the independent variable in this study?
• What are the levels of that independent variable?
• What is the dependent variable?

uide to marks: 20 marks – 12 for a, 2 for b, 6 for c

Tully Tyres sells cheap imported tyres. The manager believes its profits are in decline. You have just been hired as an analyst by the manager of Tully Tyres to investigate the expected profit over the next 12 months based on current data.

•Monthly demand varies from 100 to 200 tyres – probabilities shown in the partial section of the spreadsheet below, but you have to insert formulas to ge the cumulative probability distribution which can be used in Excel with the VLOOKUP command.
•The average selling price per tyre follows a discrete uniform distribution ranging from $160 to $180 each. This means that it can take on equally likely integer values between $160 and $180 – more on this below.
•The average profit margin per tyre after covering variable costs follows a continuous uniform distribution between 20% and 30% of the selling price.
•Fixed costs per month are $2000.

(a)Using Excel set up a model to simulate the next 12 months to determine the expected average monthly profit for the year. You need to have loaded the Analysis Toolpak Add-In to your version of Excel. You must keep the data separate from the model. The model should show only formulas, no numbers whatsoever except for the month number.

You can use this partial template to guide you:

The first random number (RN 1) is to simulate monthly demands for tyres.
•The average selling price follows a discrete uniform distribution and can be determined by the function =RANDBETWEEN(160,180) in this case. But of course you will not enter (160,180) but the data cell references where they are recorded.
•The second random number (RN 2) is used to help simulate the profit margin.
•The average profit margin follows a continuous uniform distribution ranging between 20% and 30% and can be determined by the formula =0.2+(0.3-0.2)*the second random number (RN 2). Again you do not enter 0.2 and 0.3 but the data cell references where they are located. Note that if the random number is high, say 1, then 0.3-0.2 becomes 1 and when added to 0.2 it becomes 0.3. If the random number is low, say 0, then 0.3-0.2 becomes zero and the profit margin becomes 0.2.
•Add the 12 monthly profit figures and then find the average monthly profit.

Show the data and the model in two printouts: (1) the results, and (2) the formulas. Both printouts must show the grid (ie., row and column numbers) and be copied from Excel and pasted into Word. See Spreadsheet Advice in Interact Resources for guidance.

(b)Provide the average monthly profit to Ajax Tyres over the 12-month period.

(c)You present your findings to the manager of Ajax Tyres. He thinks that with market forces he can increase the average selling price by $40 (ie from $200 to $220) without losing sales. However he does suggest that the profit margin would then increase from 22% to 32%.

He has suggested that you examine the effect of these changes and report the results to him. Change the data accordingly in your model to make the changes and paste the output in your Word answer then write a report to the manager explaining your conclusions with respect to his suggestions. Also mention any reservations you might have about the change in selling prices.

The report must be dated, addressed to the Manager and signed off by you.
(Word limit: No more than 150 words)

Monte Carlo Simulation

Tully Tyres sells cheap imported tyres. The manager believes its profits are in decline. You have just been hired as an analyst by the manager of Tully Tyres to investigate the expected profit over the next 12 months based on current data.

•Monthly demand varies from 100 to 200 tyres – probabilities shown in the partial section of the spreadsheet below, but you have to insert formulas to ge the cumulative probability distribution which can be used in Excel with the VLOOKUP command.
•The average selling price per tyre follows a discrete uniform distribution ranging from $160 to $180 each. This means that it can take on equally likely integer values between $160 and $180 – more on this below.
•The average profit margin per tyre after covering variable costs follows a continuous uniform distribution between 20% and 30% of the selling price.
•Fixed costs per month are $2000.

(a)Using Excel set up a model to simulate the next 12 months to determine the expected average monthly profit for the year. You need to have loaded the Analysis Toolpak Add-In to your version of Excel. You must keep the data separate from the model. The model should show only formulas, no numbers whatsoever except for the month number.

You can use this partial template to guide you:

The first random number (RN 1) is to simulate monthly demands for tyres.
•The average selling price follows a discrete uniform distribution and can be determined by the function =RANDBETWEEN(160,180) in this case. But of course you will not enter (160,180) but the data cell references where they are recorded.
•The second random number (RN 2) is used to help simulate the profit margin.
•The average profit margin follows a continuous uniform distribution ranging between 20% and 30% and can be determined by the formula =0.2+(0.3-0.2)*the second random number (RN 2). Again you do not enter 0.2 and 0.3 but the data cell references where they are located. Note that if the random number is high, say 1, then 0.3-0.2 becomes 1 and when added to 0.2 it becomes 0.3. If the random number is low, say 0, then 0.3-0.2 becomes zero and the profit margin becomes 0.2.
•Add the 12 monthly profit figures and then find the average monthly profit.

Show the data and the model in two printouts: (1) the results, and (2) the formulas. Both printouts must show the grid (ie., row and column numbers) and be copied from Excel and pasted into Word. See Spreadsheet Advice in Interact Resources for guidance.

(b)Provide the average monthly profit to Tully Tyres over the 12-month period.

(c)You present your findings to the manager of Ajax Tyres. He thinks that with market forces he can increase the average selling price by $40 (ie from $200 to $220) without losing sales. However he does suggest that the profit margin would then increase from 22% to 32%.

He has suggested that you examine the effect of these changes and report the results to him. Change the data accordingly in your model to make the changes and paste the output in your Word answer then write a report to the manager explaining your conclusions with respect to his suggestions. Also mention any reservations you might have about the change in selling prices.

The report must be dated, addressed to the Manager and signed off by you.
(Word limit: No more than 150 words)

Directions of assignment:

- Create an array of words of size 10.

- Prompt the User to enter the 10 integers. Populate the array with the integers as they are entered.

- You MUST use indexed addressing to traverse through the array.

- Determine the maximum and the minimum values contained within the array and print them out.

Can you see what I am doing wrong here, the last part (to find the min and max) I can't seem to get right. Can you point me in the right direction. we need to use MIPS ASSEMBLY language, here is my code.

.text
.globl main

main:
              
li $t0, 0                                 # initilize array index value to 0
li $t1, 10                               # size of array is 10 (0 - 9)
li $t3, 0                               # initialize counter to zero
   
#Populate the array

while:
   la $a0, intPrompt                        # prompt for integer
   li $v0,4                                  # a0 = address of string
   syscall                                # v0 = 4, indicates display a String

   li $v0,5                                # enter input -> v0
   syscall                                # 5 is sys call for read int

   move $t2, $v0                              # store word int to a[i]
   sw $t2, array($t0)

   add $t0,$t0,4                          # move pointer ahead to next array element
   add $t3,$t3,1                          # increment counter
  
   blt $t3,$t1,while                      # branch to while if counter < size of array
      
# End While to populate the array

wend:      
   la $a0,title                           # Display "Array: "
   li $v0,4                                # a0 = address of message
   syscall
      
# Loop to print array values
   
li $t0, 0                                # initilize array index value back to 0
li $t3, 0                                  # initilize size counter back to zero
     
startPrint:
   lw $t2,array($t0)                        # load word a[i] into temp (t2)
   move $a0, $t2                           # move a[i] to a0 for display
   li $v0,1                                   # display a[i]
   syscall
     
   la $a0,comma                          # Display ", "
   li $v0,4                                    # a0 = address of message
   syscall                                    # v0 = 4 which indicates display a string
     
   add $t0,$t0,4                           # move pointer ahead to next array element
   add $t3, $t3, 1                         # increment counter

   blt $t3,$t1,startPrint                 # branch to startPrint if counter < size of array

endPrint:                              # End loop to print array values     
la $a0,crlf                             # Display "cr/lf"
li $v0,4                              # a0 = address of message
syscall                                    # v0 = 4 which indicates display a string

# min and max loop

li $t0, 0                             # initilize array index value back to 0
li $t3, 0                               # initilize size counter back to zero
sw $t5,array($t0)                       # t5 = min = a[0] (init)
sw $t6,array($t0)                     # t6 = max = a[0] (init)
newLoop:
   lw $t2,array($t0)                    # loads into t2 the first input
   bge $t5,$t2, notMin               # if t5 >= t2 goto notMin
   move $t5, $t2                       # move t2 to t5 if false
   j notMax                              # jump to notMax

notMin: ble $t6,$t2,notMax        # if t6 <= t2 goto notMax
   move $t6,$t2                        # move t2 to t6

notMax: add $t0,$t0,4               # move pointer ahead to next array element
   add $t3, $t3, 1                      # increment counter
   bnez $t0,newLoop

        la $a0,p1                         # Display "The minimum number is "
        li $v0,4                            # a0 = address of message
        syscall                           # v0 = 4 which indicates display a string
  
        move $a0,$t2                  # Display the minimum number
        li $v0,1
        syscall

        la $a0,p2                       # Display "The maximum number is "
        li $v0,4                          # a0 = address of message
        syscall                   # v0 = 4 which indicates display a string

        move $a0,$t3            # Display the maximum number
        li $v0,1
        syscall

li $v0,10                                # End Of Program
syscall

.data
p1:         .asciiz   "The minimum number is "
p2:         .asciiz   "\nThe maximum number is "
intPrompt: .asciiz   "Enter an Integer: "   # hold the prompt message for each int in the array
title:      .asciiz   "\nArray: "
crlf:       .asciiz   "\n"
comma:      .asciiz   ", "

array:      .word 40 # 10 words

AugRealElectronics is a midsized electronics manufacturer. The company president is Shelly Couts, who inherited the company. The company originally repaired radios and other household appliances when it was founded over 70 years ago. Over the years, the company has expanded, and it is now a reputable manufacturer of various specialty electronic items.  You, a recent business school graduate, have been hired by the company in its finance department.

One of the major revenue-producing items manufactured by AugReal is a smart phone. AugReal currently has one smart phone model on the market and sales have been excellent. The smart phone is a unique item in that it comes in a variety of tropical colors and is preprogrammed to play Jimmy Buffett music. However, as with any electronic item, technology changes rapidly, and the current smart phone has limited features in comparison with newer models. AugReal spent $750,000 to develop a prototype for a new smart phone that has all the features of the existing one but adds new features such as Pokémonluring and capturing. The company has spent a further $200,000 for a marketing study to determine the expected sales figures for the new smart phone.

AugReal can manufacture the new smart phone for $205 each in variable costs. Fixed costs for the operation are estimated to run $5.1 million per year. The estimated sales volume is 64,000, 106,000, 87,000, 78,000, and 54,000 per year for the next five years, respectively, and no sales after the fifth year. The unit price of the new smart phone will be $485. The necessary equipment can be purchased for $34.5 million and will be depreciated on a seven-year MACRS schedule (see Table 6.3, p. 175).  It is believed the value of the equipment in five years will be $5.5 million.

Net working capital for the smart phones will be 20 percent of sales and will occur with the timing of the cash flows for the year (i.e., there is no initial outlay for NWC). Changes in NWC will thus first occur in Year 1 with the first year's sales. AugReal has a 35 percent corporate tax rate and a required return of 12 percent.

Shelly has asked you to prepare a report that answers the following questions:

QUESTIONS

1. What is the payback period of the project?
2. What is the profitability index of the project?
3. What is the IRR of the project?
4. What is the NPV of the project?
5. Should AugReal produce the new smart phone?

REPORT STYLE

            Remember that your boss is a smart business person, but she is not a financial analyst like you.  You should lead her through the logic of your analysis to your conclusions. Be sure your report is accurate and professional:  your job (grade) is on the line!

The report should be single-spaced within paragraphs and double spaced between paragraphs.  Use headings for major sections.  Include page numbers.  Use Times 12-point font.  Pay attention to grammar and writing style.  Write your report in third person, active voice.  Include Excel Worksheet Objects as tables in the body of your report that show the numbers involved in your analysis.  Include a memo to your boss as the cover/transmittal page.  The memo should present your primary conclusions in a bullet list.  

Your submission should be a single Word document (maximum of 6 pages) uploaded into Canvas.  I will use the attached rubric in the grading process.  “Paste object” to put your cash flows from Excel into your Word file. This allows me to simply click on your tables to see the match behind your calculations.  DO NOT USE EXCEL LIKE A TYPEWRITER.  That is, let Excel do the calculations.  Don’t do the calculations with pen and paper or a calculator and then simply type in the numbers into an Excel sheet.  I want to see that you can use Excel for this assignment and that you understand the concept of pasting an object rather than a picture from Excel to Word.  Failure to use Excel in the manner described will result in a significant grade penalty (50%?) even if your numbers are technically correct.

Tully Tyres sells cheap imported tyres. The manager believes its profits are in decline. You have just been hired as an analyst by the manager of Tully Tyres to investigate the expected profit over the next 12 months based on current data.

•Monthly demand varies from 100 to 200 tyres – probabilities shown in the partial section of the spreadsheet below, but you have to insert formulas to ge the cumulative probability distribution which can be used in Excel with the VLOOKUP command.
•The average selling price per tyre follows a discrete uniform distribution ranging from $160 to $180 each. This means that it can take on equally likely integer values between $160 and $180 – more on this below.
•The average profit margin per tyre after covering variable costs follows a continuous uniform distribution between 20% and 30% of the selling price.
•Fixed costs per month are $2000.

(a)Using Excel set up a model to simulate the next 12 months to determine the expected average monthly profit for the year. You need to have loaded the Analysis Toolpak Add-In to your version of Excel. You must keep the data separate from the model. The model should show only formulas, no numbers whatsoever except for the month number.

The first random number (RN 1) is to simulate monthly demands for tyres.
•The average selling price follows a discrete uniform distribution and can be determined by the function =RANDBETWEEN(160,180) in this case. But of course you will not enter (160,180) but the data cell references where they are recorded.
•The second random number (RN 2) is used to help simulate the profit margin.
•The average profit margin follows a continuous uniform distribution ranging between 20% and 30% and can be determined by the formula =0.2+(0.3-0.2)*the second random number (RN 2). Again you do not enter 0.2 and 0.3 but the data cell references where they are located. Note that if the random number is high, say 1, then 0.3-0.2 becomes 1 and when added to 0.2 it becomes 0.3. If the random number is low, say 0, then 0.3-0.2 becomes zero and the profit margin becomes 0.2.
•Add the 12 monthly profit figures and then find the average monthly profit.

Show the data and the model in two printouts: (1) the results, and (2) the formulas. Both printouts must show the grid (ie., row and column numbers) and be copied from Excel and pasted into Word. See Spreadsheet Advice in Interact Resources for guidance.

(b)Provide the average monthly profit to Ajax Tyres over the 12-month period.

(c)You present your findings to the manager of Ajax Tyres. He thinks that with market forces he can increase the average selling price by $40 (ie from $200 to $220) without losing sales. However he does suggest that the profit margin would then increase from 22% to 32%.

He has suggested that you examine the effect of these changes and report the results to him. Change the data accordingly in your model to make the changes and paste the output in your Word answer then write a report to the manager explaining your conclusions with respect to his suggestions. Also mention any reservations you might have about the change in selling prices.

The report must be dated, addressed to the Manager and signed off by you.
(Word limit: No more than 150 words)

Please SOLVE EXERCISE 4.20

Programming Exercise 3.20 required you to design a PID manager that allocated a unique process identifier to each process.

Exercise 4.20 requires you to modify your solution from Exercise 3.20 by writing a program that creates a number of threads that requested and released process identifiers. Modify your solution to Exercise 4.20 by ensuring that the data structure used to represent the availability of process identifiers is safe from race conditions. Use Pthreads mutex locks.

Please SOLVE EXERCISE 4.20

My Programming Exercise 3.20)  

package com.company;

import java.util.HashMap;

/*

dip manager manages process identifiers, which are unique.

Several active processes can not have same pid.

It creates unique pid, which is assigned to ti.

When process completes execution pid is returned to pdd manager.

pdd manager reassigns this pid.

--first method:

  creates and initializes the map in order to maintain the list of available pids.

--second method:

  finds next avialable pid and assigns them to active processes

--third method:

  releases old identifiers by making them available again for new processes.

*/

public class PID_MAP {

    /*

    Variables that will specify the range of pid values

    basically it says that process identifiers are constant

    integers (final key word) between 300 and 500.

    */

    public static final Integer MIN_PID = 300;

    public static final Integer MAX_PID = 5000;

    /*

    variables that identify availability of a particular process identifier

    with 0 being available and 1 being currently in use

    */

    public Integer available = 0;

    public Integer notAvailable = 1;

    /*

    I decided to use hash map data structure named PID_map to represent the availability of process identifiers with Key/Value principle

     */

    public HashMap PID_map;

    /*

     int allocate_map(void) - Creates and initializes a data structure for representing pids; returns -1 if unsuccessful and 1 if successful

     This method allocates a hash map of possible pid-s.

     The map has Key/Value principle.

     Key is an Integer, Value is "available (0) /not available (1)" for allocation to an active process.

     */

    public int allocate_map(){

        //allocated map for certain capacity

        PID_map = new HashMap(MAX_PID - MIN_PID + 1); //checks if system has enough resources to allocate a map of the capacity mentioned above

        if(true) {

            for (int i = MIN_PID; i <= MAX_PID; i++) {

                PID_map.put(i, available); //values for all the keys are set to 0, because non of the process will be active if I do not allocate the map first.

            }

        }

        else {

            return -1; //if returns integer "-1" means hash map did not created, initialized and allocated successfully.

        }

        return 1; //if returns integer "1" means hash map successfully created, initialized and allocated.

    }

    /*Process Synchronization means sharing system resources by processes in a such a way that, Concurrent access to shared data is handled thereby minimizing

    the chance of inconsistent data. Thats why we use key word Synchronized.

    */

    /*

    int allocate_pid(void) - Allocates and returns a pid; returns -1 if if unable to allocate a pid (all pids are in use)

     */

    public int allocate_pid(){

        for (Integer i = MIN_PID; i <= MAX_PID; i++){ //traverses through the map to find available pid

            if (PID_map.get(i).equals(available)){ //once the available process identifier is found

                PID_map.put(i,notAvailable); //the process identifier is updated from avialeble to unavialable

                return i; //returns the "new unavailable pid"

            }

        }

        return -1; //returs -1 if all process identifiers are in use.

    }

    /*

    void release_pid(int_pid) - Releases a pid.

     */

    public void release_pid(Integer k){ // method releases used process identifier which is passes as parameter-Integer K

        if(k > MAX_PID || k < MIN_PID){ //double checks if Pid is valid

            System.out.println("Error! not valid identifier"); //if not system notifies that its invalid process identifier

        }

        PID_map.put(k,available); //if it is valid pid, it becomes released and the pid can be used by another process. It is set to available (0)

    }

}

/*

DELETED key word SYNCHRONIZED for acllocate_pid() and release_pid() functions

*/

Questions:

Wenatchee is a town on a large river. On the other side of the river is East Wenatchee (since the river is the county line, these are in two different counties and thus, two different cities.) Wenatchee (which I refuse to call "West Wenatchee") is pretty much hemmed in on all sides by mountains. East Wenatchee, on the other hand, sits on a large plateau surrounded by wheat fields.

Assume that housing in Wenatchee and housing in East Wenatchee are what economists call "perfect substitutes." This means basically that people don't care whether they live in Wenatchee or East Wenatchee. Then imagine that in the nearest big city there is a pandemic followed by a bunch of riots. Part of the town is taken over by Marxists revolutionaries. The city starts dismantling the police and raising taxes because they have no money. (Just try to imagine it!) and this causes a lot of people to decide it would be nice to live in a smaller town on the other side of the mountains.

Which will grow more, Wenatchee or East Wenatchee? Why? Your answer should include econ words like "supply," "demand," "quantity supplied," "quantity demanded," and a certain important word from chapter 5. It should also probably include a graph or two.