10. Consider the simplified scenario for genetic determinants of height in humans, where there are three genes (A/B/C) with varying numbers of alleles (3/3/2) affecting height, and with different effects in males and females. (Assume additive contributions, thus the effect of having genotype A1A2 is +0.1” + +0.2” = +0.3”). Average height for men and women is 69” and 64”.

What is the expected height for a male with genotype A2A2B1B3C1C2 (3 points)?

11. Consider a cross between two heterozygotes.
What is the probability that their first offspring has recessive phenotype? (2 points)

What is the probability that their first offspring has recessive phenotype and the second offspring also has the recessive phenotype? (2 points)

What is the probability that out of their first offspring, one has dominant phenotype and one has recessive phenotype? (2 points)

15. The gene for petal color in a flower has incomplete dominance, so that individuals with two A1 alleles (A1A1) are black, individuals with two A2 alleles (A2A2) are white, and individuals with one of each allele (A1A2) are mottled.

In a cross between two black flowers, what is the probability of getting a mottled offspring? (2 points)

3"      4"

5" 6" 7" 8" 9" 10" 11" 12"

1"      2"

In a cross between a black flower and a mottled flower, what is the probability of getting a black offspring? (2 points)

In a cross between two mottled flowers, if there are two offspring, what is the probability of getting one black offspring and one mottled offspring? (2 points)

In a cross between two mottled flowers, if there are two offspring, what is the probability of getting one white offspring and one mottled offspring? (2 points)

In a cross between two mottled flowers, if there are nine offspring, what is the probability of getting exactly three mottled offspring? (2 points)

16. Two individuals that are heterozygous for a recessive autosomal trait have an offspring with dominant phenotype. What is the probability that that offspring is a carrier (heterozygote?) (3 points)

If that offspring has an offspring with an individual with the recessive condition, what is the chance their offspring has the condition? (2 points)

17. Most randomly occurring mutations that occur in humans do not have an effect on phenotype. Why is this? (4 points)

18. Imagine that coronavirus has a 0.002% incidence in the population. A test for the virus has a 0.001% false positive rate and no false negative rate (false positive rate means the chance that if an uninfected individual takes the test the test will falsely identify them as infected). If a random person takes the test and gets a positive result, what is the chance that they are infected? (Show your work to earn partial credit) (4 points)

Now consider the case in the future, where the incidence of the virus has increased to 1%. Now if a random person takes the test and gets a positive result, what is the chance that they are infected? (2 points)

19. Your colleague is studying long toes in the California vole (Microtus californicus). She proposes that this trait is due to to an X-linked dominant allele.

You go for a hike in Oakland, and notice that very few of the California voles you see have the long toe trait. Does this affect your colleague’s hypothesis? How? Why? (2 points)

You go for a walk in Golden Gate Park, and notice that, among California voles in the Golden Gate population, females are much less likely than males to have the long toe trait. Does this affect your colleague’s hypothesis? How? Why? (2 points)

20. You are a genetic counseler. A mother and father with a son and a daughter come to see you. The mother and the father both have a very rare condition that no one has ever studied, but neither their son or their daugther does. Karyotype analysis shows that the mother and the daugther are XX and the father and the son are XY. You think about it and realize that this pattern cannot be due to a number of simple inheritance patterns. Explain why:

Why can’t it be an autosomal dominant condition? (2 points) Why can’t it be Y-linked condition? (2 points)
Why can’t it be an X-linked dominant condition? (2 points) Why can’t it be an X-linked recessive condition? (2 points) Why can’t it be a mitochondrial condition? (2 points)

20. 1 – Create a webpage that contains a table with exactly three rows and two columns.

1. The first row will contain a table heading containing the name of a US National Park, that spans across all columns. Hint: use the colspan attribute inside the opening th tag
2. Give the table heading an onmouseover that will change the text of the heading when it is moused over to read My Favorites Park! (Hint: use innerHTML). Use onmouseout to change it back.
3. The second and third rows will contain 2 thumbnail(small) images each. (See Creating Square Thumbnails section below).

• These are images from the National Park that you selected
• Remember your code, pages, images will not be like anyone else’s. When they are compared you do not want your file to be flagged.

4. Use the anchor element on the thumbnail images, so that each thumbnail image opens a larger version of the same image in a new tab. (Hint: if you give the target a name, you can have them all open in the same tab rather than using _blank and having a new tab open each time one is clicked. This avoids opening too many tabs.)
5. Apply style to the table. Again, your table will not be like anyone else’s. Your work is to be your own work.
6. 1. Create a webpage that contains a table with four columns and six rows.
   2. The first row will contain a heading that spans across all columns. This heading will say Yellowstone National Park.
   3. The second row will contain a heading that spans across all columns. This heading will tell the user to click on any image to enlarge.
   4. The third row will contain four images. Use the thumbnail(smaller) images of scenes geysers in Yellowstone. Using paint, make the smaller images 150px X 150px.

7. (See Creating Square Thumbnails section below)

8. 5. The Fourth row will contain three cells, the first cell and third cell are thumbnails of more geysers in Yellowstone.
      1. The second cell contains an image of Old Faithful Geyser that is 300px by 300px. (You must specify the size in the imgelement)
      2. Hint: Use both rowspan and colspan so that this image covers 4 cells. This image will be replaced when the user clicks on any thumbnail image.
   6. The fifth row will contain two thumbnail images of hot pools found in Yellowstone Park. (An image on each side of the lower half of the center image.

5.32 Fuel efficiency of manual and automatic cars, Part I: Each year the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) releases fuel economy data on cars manufactured in that year. Below are summary statistics on fuel efficiency (in miles/gallon) from random samples of cars with manual and automatic transmissions manufactured in 2012. Do these data provide strong evidence of a difference between the average fuel efficiency of cars with manual and automatic transmissions in terms of their average city mileage? Assume that conditions for inference are satisfied.

The hypotheses for this test are:

• Ho: μ_automatic = μ_manual
  Ha: μ_automatic < μ_manual
• Ho: μ_automatic = μ_manual
  Ha: μ_automatic > μ_manual
• Ho: μ_automatic = μ_manual
  Ha: μ_automatic ≠ μ_manual

The test statistic is:  (please round to two decimal places)
The p-value is:  (please round to four decimal places)
Interpret the result of the hypothesis test in the context of the problem:

• The data do not provide sufficient evidence that there is a difference between the average fuel efficiency of manual and automatic cars in terms of their average city mileage
• The data provide sufficient evidence that there is a difference between the average fuel efficiency of manual and automatic cars in terms of their average city mileage
• The data provide sufficient evidence that there is no difference between the average fuel efficiency of manual and automatic cars in terms of their average city mileage

scenario：You have been asked to serve on a committee that advises the World Bank about how to fund a healthcare system in the developing world. As part of this role you need to design a healthcare system for the country described below costing no more than $500 million that keeps the largest possible number of people healthy:
This country is about the size of Texas—250,000 square miles. A mountain range separates the country into two regions.
Ten million people live in the coastal region, while five million live in the inland region.
Half the people live in urban areas, and the other half are evenly distributed through the country.
The coastal region has a hot, moist, tropical climate that supports lush jungles and fertile farmland.
The inland region is dry and cool and is predominantly grassland and forest.
The coastal region is well serviced by roads, but only about half the people in the inland region have convenient access to roads.
Only the largest cities and towns have modern sanitation.
Malnutrition and malaria are problems, few people are vaccinated, and there is little health care currently available.
Most people grow their own food and have little extra money to spend. Few children attend school.
Challenge: Think of health care options for this country in terms of:
1. What are some options which should be included?
2. What are some options which should not be included ?

scenario：You have been asked to serve on a committee that advises the World Bank about how to fund a healthcare system in the developing world. As part of this role you need to design a healthcare system for the country described below costing no more than $500 million that keeps the largest possible number of people healthy:
This country is about the size of Texas—250,000 square miles. A mountain range separates the country into two regions.
Ten million people live in the coastal region, while five million live in the inland region.
Half the people live in urban areas, and the other half are evenly distributed through the country.
The coastal region has a hot, moist, tropical climate that supports lush jungles and fertile farmland.
The inland region is dry and cool and is predominantly grassland and forest.
The coastal region is well serviced by roads, but only about half the people in the inland region have convenient access to roads.
Only the largest cities and towns have modern sanitation.
Malnutrition and malaria are problems, few people are vaccinated, and there is little health care currently available.
Most people grow their own food and have little extra money to spend. Few children attend school.
Challenge: Think of health care options for this country in terms of:
1. What are some options which should be included?
2. What are some options which should not be included ?

scenario：You have been asked to serve on a committee that advises the World Bank about how to fund a healthcare system in the developing world. As part of this role you need to design a healthcare system for the country described below costing no more than $500 million that keeps the largest possible number of people healthy:
This country is about the size of Texas—250,000 square miles. A mountain range separates the country into two regions.
Ten million people live in the coastal region, while five million live in the inland region.
Half the people live in urban areas, and the other half are evenly distributed through the country.
The coastal region has a hot, moist, tropical climate that supports lush jungles and fertile farmland.
The inland region is dry and cool and is predominantly grassland and forest.
The coastal region is well serviced by roads, but only about half the people in the inland region have convenient access to roads.
Only the largest cities and towns have modern sanitation.
Malnutrition and malaria are problems, few people are vaccinated, and there is little health care currently available.
Most people grow their own food and have little extra money to spend. Few children attend school.
Challenge: Think of health care options for this country in terms of:
1. What are some options which should be included?
2. What are some options which should not be included ?

scenario：You have been asked to serve on a committee that advises the World Bank about how to fund a healthcare system in the developing world. As part of this role you need to design a healthcare system for the country described below costing no more than $500 million that keeps the largest possible number of people healthy:
This country is about the size of Texas—250,000 square miles. A mountain range separates the country into two regions.
Ten million people live in the coastal region, while five million live in the inland region.
Half the people live in urban areas, and the other half are evenly distributed through the country.
The coastal region has a hot, moist, tropical climate that supports lush jungles and fertile farmland.
The inland region is dry and cool and is predominantly grassland and forest.
The coastal region is well serviced by roads, but only about half the people in the inland region have convenient access to roads.
Only the largest cities and towns have modern sanitation.
Malnutrition and malaria are problems, few people are vaccinated, and there is little health care currently available.
Most people grow their own food and have little extra money to spend. Few children attend school.
Challenge: Think of health care options for this country in terms of:
1. What are some options which should be included?
2. What are some options which should not be included ?

scenario：You have been asked to serve on a committee that advises the World Bank about how to fund a healthcare system in the developing world. As part of this role you need to design a healthcare system for the country described below costing no more than $500 million that keeps the largest possible number of people healthy:
This country is about the size of Texas—250,000 square miles. A mountain range separates the country into two regions.
Ten million people live in the coastal region, while five million live in the inland region.
Half the people live in urban areas, and the other half are evenly distributed through the country.
The coastal region has a hot, moist, tropical climate that supports lush jungles and fertile farmland.
The inland region is dry and cool and is predominantly grassland and forest.
The coastal region is well serviced by roads, but only about half the people in the inland region have convenient access to roads.
Only the largest cities and towns have modern sanitation.
Malnutrition and malaria are problems, few people are vaccinated, and there is little health care currently available.
Most people grow their own food and have little extra money to spend. Few children attend school.
Challenge: Think of health care options for this country in terms of:
1. What are some options which should be included?
2. What are some options which should not be included ?

"A contributing factor to an airplane's duel consumption is the bypass ratio of the engine system. The bypass ratio is the amount of air passing around the engine core relative to the amount of air passing through the core. An airplane manufacturer is designing a new airplane and wants to determine the bypass ratio for the airplane's engine system. The airplane will fly 4,100 hours per year and will average 480 miles per hour. The amount of fuel that the airplane consumes can be expressed as:
z = 0.0497 - (7.92*10^-4) * y
for 4 < y < 12
where y is the bypass ratio (a unitless number) and z is the number of gallons of fuel consumed per mile flown by the airplane. The cost of fuel remains constant at $4.29 per gallon.
The initial cost of the engine system as a function of the bypass ratio is $312,000 + $2,800y^2.
The engine system will be used for 9 years. At the end of 9 years, the salvage value of the engine system as a function of bypass ratio is $10,000y. The airplane manufacturer wants to minimize the annual equivalent cost (AEC) of the engine system (which includes the initial cost, the annual cost of fuel, and the salvage value). The manufacturer's MARR is 13.9%. What is the optimal bypass ratio rounded to the nearest tenth that minimizes the AEC of the engine system?
(The optimal answer for the bypass ratio is between 4 to 12, but it should not be necessary to consider that constraint in your calculations.)"

Natalie is also thinking of buying a van that will be used only for business. The cost of the van is estimated at $38,500. Natalie would spend an additional $2,500 to have the van painted. In addition, she wants the back seat of the van removed so that she will have lots of room to transport her mixer inventory as well as her baking supplies. The cost of taking out the back seat and installing shelving units is estimated at $1,500. She expects the van to last her about 5 years, and she expects to drive it for 100,000 miles. The annual cost of vehicle insurance will be $2,400. Natalie estimates that at the end of the 5-year useful life the van will sell for $6,500. Assume that she will buy the van on August 15, 2018, and it will be ready for use on September 1, 2018. Natalie is concerned about the impact of the van’s cost on her income statement and balance sheet. She has come to you for advice on calculating the van’s depreciation. Instructions:

(a) Determine the cost of the van.

(b) Prepare a depreciation table for straight-line depreciation (similar to the one in Illustration 9-9). Recall that Cookie Creations has a December 31 fiscal year-end.

(c) What method should Natalie use for tax purposes? Provide a justification for your choice. Is she required to use the same approach for financial reporting and tax reporting?