A company randomly chose 200 US households and found that in 120 of them, the women made the majority of the purchasing decisions. We want to know the population proportion of US housholds where women make the majority of purchasing decisions. Construct a 96% confidence interval to find p.  

a) what is p hat?

b) what is alpha?

c) what is the value of the test statistic

d) what is the value of the standard errror

e) what is the value of the margin of error

f) what is the lower boundary of the confidence interval

g) what is the upper boundary of the confidence interval

1. Wherever “h” is used, assume it refers to Planck’s constant: h = 6.626 x 10-34J·s or 4.136 x 10-15 eV·s.Consider a “particle in a box” (where the “box” is aregion where potential energy U(x) = 0 for 0 < x < L and U = elsewhere. Assume there is zero probability of a particle being found outside the box (where the potential energy function is infinite).

a. Write two boundary conditions for Ψ: one x = 0 and another for x = L:

Ψ(0)=

Ψ(L) =

b. Assume the solutions to the Schrodinger equation take the form of sines or cosines. Use the boundary conditions that you generated in (a) to complete the equation for the wave function(s) for the particle and showthat the solution satisfies the boundary conditions. These solutions are not required to be normalizedwave functions.

Ψn(x)=

c. Write out a mathematical expression(without having to solve it here) that would allow the functions Ψn to be normalized. Note that the normalization constant turns out to be √2?

Critical Thinking

The global marketplace has witnessed an increased pressure from customers and competitors in manufacturing as well as service sector (Basu, 2001; George, 2002).Due to the rapidly changing global marketplace only those companies will be able to survive that will deliver products of good quality at cheaper rate and to achieve their goal companies try to improve performance by focusing on cost cutting, increasing productivity levels, quality and guaranteeing deliveries in order to satisfy customers (Raouf, 1994).

Increased global competition leads the industry to increasing efficiency by means of economies of scale and internal specialization so as to meet market conditions in terms of flexibility, delivery performance and quality (Yamashina, 1995). The changes in the present competitive business environment are characterized by profound competition on the supply side and keenindecisive in customer requirements on the demand side. These changes have left their distinctive marks on the different aspect of the manufacturing organizations (Gomes et al., 2006). With this increasing global economy, cost effective manufacturing has become a requirement to remain competitive.

To meet all the challenges organizations try to introduce different manufacturing and supply techniques. Management of organizations devotes its efforts to reduce the manufacturing costs and to improve the quality of product. To achieve this goal, different manufacturing and supplytechniques have been employed. The last quarter of the 20th century witnessed the adoption of world-class, lean and integrated manufacturing strategies that have drastically changed the way manufacturing firm’sleads to improvement of manufacturing performance (Fullerton and McWatters, 2002).

Consult chapter 7 of your text book or secondary available data on internet and answer the following questions.

Question:

1. Why Companies adopted Lean Thinking and JIT model?
2. Discuss major types of Waste, companies has to keep in mind during production.

Critical Thinking

The global marketplace has witnessed an increased pressure from customers and competitors in manufacturing as well as service sector (Basu, 2001; George, 2002). Due to the rapidly changing global marketplace only those companies will be able to survive that will deliver products of good quality at cheaper rate and to achieve their goal companies try to improve performance by focusing on cost cutting, increasing productivity levels, quality and guaranteeing deliveries in order to satisfy customers (Raouf, 1994).

Increased global competition leads the industry to increasing efficiency by means of economies of scale and internal specialization so as to meet market conditions in terms of flexibility, delivery performance and quality (Yamashina, 1995). The changes in the present competitive business environment are characterized by profound competition on the supply side and keen indecisive in customer requirements on the demand side. These changes have left their distinctive marks on the different aspect of the manufacturing organizations (Gomes et al., 2006). With this increasing global economy, cost effective manufacturing has become a requirement to remain competitive.

To meet all the challenges organizations try to introduce different manufacturing and supply techniques. Management of organizations devotes its efforts to reduce the manufacturing costs and to improve the quality of product. To achieve this goal, different manufacturing and supply techniques have been employed. The last quarter of the 20th century witnessed the adoption of world-class, lean and integrated manufacturing strategies that have drastically changed the way manufacturing firm’s leads to improvement of manufacturing performance (Fullerton and McWatters, 2002).

1. Assess the reasons for using lean thinking (suitable examples), what are the benefits from Suppliers to end users?

2. Due to COVID 19 emergency do you think agile supply chain is the right concept in this kind of situation? Give reason with example.

A2. Imagine that the following events occurred in the period between 2004 and 2008.  EU adopted new trade restrictions (such as higher tariffs) on Chinese products and reduced the annual rate of growth of their money supply from 5% to 3%.

 Over the same period of time, Chinese trade policies and the Chinese monetary supply remained stable.

Consider these changes in a long run framework with flexible prices (i.e. PPP based theories with the real exchange rate extension apply). How do you expect the real & nominal exchange rates between the EU and China to be affected by these events, i.e. how would they change over this period? Explain using the relevant model, graphically (e.g. time paths of relevant variables) and verbally.

How did the Kings of England begin to centralize political power during the high middle ages?  In what ways were they checked by the church and the nobility?

What role should religion play in government? As you develop your argument, think about the following questions: What do supporters of religion in government (accommodationists) value? How do they view the world? What about those who believe in the separation of church and state (separationists)? Why do they disagree so strongly with the accommodationists? Why might separationists who also happen to be religious believe in the separation of church and state? How can we rectify the fact that America is a religious nation, but one in which religion plays a limited role in government? Do we need to?

2. Let’s use the data from the sea ice extent by year. a. Do a t-test to determine if the slope = 0, give null and alternative hypotheses, test statistic, pvalue, decision and interpretation. b. Construct a residual plot vs fitted values. c. Look at a histogram of the residuals. d. Are there any obvious outliers? Find that observation that is the most glaring and find out how many standard deviations it is from the mean. Can this be justified to be removed? e. Are the assumptions for regression met? (Linearity, Constant Standard Deviation and Normality of errors). If not, which one is violated.

data:

Year Extent

1980 9.18

1981 8.86

1982 9.42

1983 9.33

1984 8.56

1985 8.55

1986 9.48

1987 9.05

1988 9.13

1989 8.83

1990 8.48

1991 8.54

1992 9.32

1993 8.79

1994 8.92

1995 7.83

1996 9.16

1997 8.34

1998 8.45

1999 8.6

2000 8.38

2001 8.3

2002 8.16

2003 7.85

2004 7.93

2005 7.35

2006 7.54

2007 6.04

2008 7.35

2009 6.92

2010 6.98

2011 6.46

2012 5.89

2013 7.45

2014 7.23

2015 6.97

2016 6.08

2017 6.77

2018 6.13

2019 5.66

By using the definition and discussing what is relevant to the situation, interpret each of the following for both the coffee and tea data. Also, compare each for coffee and tea. Be sure to include the relevant information (state the value of or, in the case of the distribution, include the graphs) with each component.

1. Mean
2. Median
3. Modal Interval
4. Range
5. IQR
6. Standard Deviation
7. Distribution of histogram and box plot
8. Slope of each linear model
9. Y-intercept of Coffee vs. Tea
10. Correlation coefficient for each linear model
11. Relevant interpolations or extrapolations
12. Correlation type (from Activity 5) for coffee and tea