In cohort studies of the roles of a suspected factor in the etiology of a disease, it is essential that: There be equal numbers of persons in both study groups At the beginning of the study, those with the disease and those without the disease have equal risks of having the factor The study group with the factor and the study group without the factor be representative of the general population The exposed and nonexposed groups under study be as similar as possible with regard to possible confounding factors Both b and c

What are some of the distinguishing characteristics of your generational cohort (e.g., generation x, y, or z)? In other words, how does your generation differ from other generations? How do those differences affect your generation’s consumer-related behavior (in general)?

Assume that you have observed 2 prevalent cases of Parkinson’s Disease in a cohort of 1000 people. Calculate the lower 1-sided p-value associated with the hypothesis that the true prevalence equals 0.4% using the binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions. Report to three decimal places.

Assume that you have observed 2 prevalent cases of Parkinson’s Disease in a cohort of 1000 people. Calculate the lower 1-sided p-value associated with the hypothesis that the true prevalence equals 0.4% using the binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions. Report to three decimal places.

Write out the sample space for the given experiment. Use the following letters to indicate each choice: M for mushrooms, O for olives, S for shrimp, E for eggs, V for vinaigrette, and F for French. When deciding what you want to put into a salad for dinner at a restaurant, you will choose one of the following extra toppings: mushrooms, olives. Also, you will add one of following meats: shrimp, eggs. Lastly, you will decide on one of the following dressings: vinaigrette, French.

Subatomic Speculating

[6][6] (a) Which processes below are physically forbidden? Why?

(i) τ++τ−→μ++e− (ii) p+n¯→p+n (iii) u+u¯→s¯ + s(i) τ++τ−→μ++e− (ii) p+n¯→p+n (iii) u+u¯→s¯ + s

(iv) γ+γ → μ++μ−(v)n+π−→p¯+Λ (vi) p+p¯→γ+γ+γ (iv) γ+γ → μ++μ−(v)n+π−→p¯+Λ (vi) p+p¯→γ+γ+γ

[5][5] (b) The Future Circular Collider (FCC), if built, will collide two beams of protons, each beam having an average energy of 50 TeV. How much energy would a beam in a fixed-target experiment have to have to get the same average total amount of useable energy per collision?

[4][4] (c) An experiment is performed at Fermilab to find a new particle XX from the scattering process

p+p→K++K++Xp+p→K++K++X

What are the values of the electric charge, strangeness, and baryon number of the XX particle? What quarks must it be made of?

-- Consider a concentration cell. Two Ag-electrodes are immersed in AgNO3 solutions of different concentrations. When the two compartments have an AgNO3-concentration of 1 M and 0.1 M, respectively, the measured voltage is 0.065 V (note: T in not necessarily = 25°C ).

The electrochemical behavior of silver nanoclusters (Agn, with n the number of Ag atoms in the cluster) is investigated using the following electrochemical cells at 298 K:

I. Ag(s) | AgCl (saturated) || Ag+(aq, 0.01M) | Ag(s), E=0.170

II. (Pt electrode) Agn (s, nanocluster) | Ag+(aq, 0.01M) || AgCl (saturated) | Ag(s), with E = +1.030 V for Ag5 nanocluster and E = +0.430 V for Ag10 nanocluster

The standard reduction potential for Ag+ + e- → Ag, is E0 = +0.800 V.

The two nanoclusters Ag5 and Ag10-nanoclusters have standard potentials different from the potential of metallic bulk silver.

c. Calculate the standard potentials of Ag5 and of Ag10 nanoclusters. [for this part use Ksp(AgCl)=1.800·10-5;]

d. What happens, if you put the Ag10 nanoclusters and – in a second experiment – the Ag5 nanoclusters into an aqueous solution of pH=5? Estimate the consequences using the reduction potentials you calculated.

2. Does resting membrane potential and equilibrium potential of sodium both change during an action potential?

3. How is the action potential affected with a defect in the Na+/K+ pump and a deleterious mutation in the leak channels?

Management at Caribo Limited were monitoring their cash flow. They requested their accountant to prepare a cash budget for the four months ending 30 April 2016.

(i) The following sales figures are for the months of November 2015 to June 2016. The figures from January 2016 onward are estimated:

Half the sales are normally paid for in the month in which they occur and the customers are rewarded with a 5% cash discount. The remaining sales are paid for net in the month following the sale.

(ii) Goods are sold at a mark-up of 25% on the goods purchased one month before sale. Half of the purchases are paid for in the month of purchase and a 4% prompt settlement discount is received. The remainder is paid in full in the following month.

(iii) Wages of $12000 per month are paid in the month in which they are earned. It is expected that the wages will be increased by 10% from 1 March 2016.

(iv) Rent will cost $60000 per annum payable three monthly in advance in January, April, July and December each year.

(v) The directors have arranged a bank loan of $60000 which would be credited to company’s current account in February 2016.

(vi) The half-yearly interest on 200000, 8% debentures of $1 each is due to be paid on 15 January 2016.

(vii) The ordinary dividend of $12000 for the year 2015 will be paid in March 2016.

(viii) The bank balance at 31 December 2015 is $12000.

Required: 1) Prepare a cash budget for the four months ended 30 April 2016. Round off to the nearest $.

Please be precise as to how to calculate purhcases (I am very confused as to how this is calculated)

what’s the probability that a randomly selected degree earner

1. is female?

2. is female and the person has earned a professional degree?

3. is female or the person has earned a professional degree?

4. is female if the person earned a professional degree?

5. earned a professional degree if the person is female?

6. Does the gender/degree data above suggest that the variables binary gender and degree earned are

   1. Mutually exclusive? Explain,

   2. Independent? Explain.