Individual & others. Is the self-pleasure or self-preservation of the individual ever in conflict with the same type of interests of others? Provide detail explanation of your view, including examples and quotes

Explain the three major aspects of Kant’s duty ethics. What are the major shortcomings of his ethical theory?

Pastina Company sells various types of pasta to grocery chains as private label brands. The company's reporting year-end is December 31. The unadjusted trial balance as of December 31, 2021, appears below.

Information necessary to prepare the year-end adjusting entries appears below.

1. Depreciation on the office equipment for the year is $10,300.
2. Employee salaries are paid twice a month, on the 22nd for salaries earned from the 1st through the 15th, and on the 7th of the following month for salaries earned from the 16th through the end of the month. Salaries earned from December 16 through December 31, 2021, were $900.
3. On October 1, 2021, Pastina borrowed $50,600 from a local bank and signed a note. The note requires interest to be paid annually on September 30 at 12%. The principal is due in 10 years.
4. On March 1, 2021, the company lent a supplier $20,600 and a note was signed requiring principal and interest at 8% to be paid on February 28, 2022.
5. On April 1, 2021, the company paid an insurance company $6,600 for a two-year fire insurance policy. The entire $6,600 was debited to prepaid insurance.
6. $560 of supplies remained on hand at December 31, 2021.
7. A customer paid Pastina $2,300 in December for 900 pounds of spaghetti to be delivered in January 2022. Pastina credited deferred sales revenue.
8. On December 1, 2021, $1,200 rent was paid to the owner of the building. The payment represented rent for December 2021 and January 2022 at $600 per month. The entire amount was debited to prepaid rent.

4. Prepare an income statement and a statement of shareholders’ equity for the year ended December 31, 2021, and a classified balance sheet as of December 31, 2021. Assume that no common stock was issued during the year and that $4,600 in cash dividends were paid to shareholders during the year.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Prepare the income statement for the year ended December 31, 2021. (Other expenses should be indicated with a minus sign.)

_____________________________________________________________

Prepare the statement of shareholders' equity for the year ended December 31, 2021.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Prepare the classified balance sheet for the year ended December 31, 2021. (Amounts to be deducted should be indicated by a minus sign.)

QUESTION 14

1. If the price received by a producer is less than average variable cost in the short run, then the firm

   	A.	is earning zero economic profits
   	B.	is earning positive economic profits
   	C.	should continue to produce in the short run
   	D.	should shut down immediately

5 points   

QUESTION 15

1. The short-run price elasticity of demand for gasoline in the US is roughly equal to -0.25, which tells us that

   	A.	the short-run demand for gasoline is elastic
   	B.	gasoline consumers are completely unresponsive to price changes
   	C.	the short-run demand for gasoline is inelastic
   	D.	gasoline is an inferior good in the US

5 points   

QUESTION 16

1. Firms that manufacture graphic chips for televisions and computers have downward sloping average cost curves at all quantity levels.  What does this imply about the scale economies in this industry?

   	A.	Business has neither economies of scale or diseconomies of scale
   	B.	Business has economies of scope but not economies of scale
   	C.	Business has economies of scale
   	D.	Business has diseconomies of scale

5 points   

QUESTION 17

1. Which of the following will decrease the break-even quantity?

   	A.	an increase in the price level
   	B.	a decrease in the price level
   	C.	an increase in fixed costs
   	D.	an increase in marginal costs

5 points   

QUESTION 18

1. Suppose you invest $100 today in bonds that have an annual discount rate equal to -2% per year.  At this time next year, your investment will be worth:

   	A.	$98
   	B.	$100
   	C.	$102
   	D.	$104

5 points   

QUESTION 19

1. Suppose you are enrolled in an MBA program and your parents ask you how much the education will cost. Your reply includes the tuition charges and book expenses, but you do not include the opportunity cost of your time. Have you fallen into a logical trap?

   	A.	No, I always tell my parents the complete truth
   	B.	Yes, you have violated the Law of Demand
   	C.	Yes, the hidden-cost fallacy
   	D.	Yes, the sunk-cost fallacy

5 points   

QUESTION 20

1. Your restaurant sells 300 pizzas in the typical day, and the total costs are $3,000 per day. If your fixed costs are $1,200 per day, what is average variable cost?

   	A.	$6
   	B.	$4
   	C.	$10
   	D.	$8

Which of the following taxpayers are eligible for the Minnesota Marriage Credit?

Marsha earned $32,000, and Glen earned $24,000. They will file a joint return.

Jerome and Velma are married but will file separately for 2019.

Luther and Muriel both work and have earned income. Luther earned $34,000, and Muriel earned $26,000.

Delbert and Mamie have a total joint taxable income of $38,650.

An ambitious statistical-education researcher wants to analyze the typical statistical skills of STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math) majors across the country. They have an exam they plan on giving to sampled college students who are majoring in a STEM field, but they need to choose how to sample college students. Which of the following are considered good sampling methods?

Select one or more:

a. The researcher can go to their local university and get all the STEM majors there to take the exam.

b. The researcher can randomly pick 10 universities and get all the STEM majors at those randomly chosen universities to take the exam.

c. Assuming the researcher can get such a list, they can sort STEM majors into those attending private or public universities. They can then pick 30 randomly chosen students from those attending private universities and 30 from public universities.

d. Assuming the researcher can get such a list, they can sort STEM majors into those whose last names start with an A-K and those whose last names start with an L-Z. They can then randomly pick 30 students from each list.

e. Assuming the researcher can get such a list, they can randomly pick 60 STEM majors from across the country.

All of the following are true regarding California unemployment benefits except:

A. Unemployment insurance (UI) provides temporary payments to individuals who are unemployed through no fault of their own

B. Unemployment insurance benefits are taxable income for Federal purposes

C. Unemployment insurance benefits are not taxable by the State of California

D. The Employment Development Department (EDD) sends a Form 1099-MISC to each individual for the total unemployment insurance benefits paid during the prior year

Reggie is a self-employed taxpayer who turns 59 years old at the end of the year (2018). In 2018, his net Schedule C income was $300,000. This was his only source of income. This year, Reggie is considering setting up a retirement plan. What is the maximum amount he may contribute to the self-employed plan in each of the following situations?

a. He sets up a SEP IRA.

b. He sets up an individual 401(k).

Hope is a self-employed taxpayer who turns 54 years old at the end of the year (2018). In 2018, her net Schedule C income was $130,000. This was her only source of income. This year, Hope is considering setting up a retirement plan. What is the maximum amount Hope may contribute to the self-employed plan in each of the following situations? a. She sets up a SEP IRA. b. She sets up an individual 401(k).

Rita is a self-employed taxpayer who turns 39 years old at the end of the year (2018). In 2018, her net Schedule C income was $268,000. This was her only source of income. This year, Rita is considering setting up a retirement plan.

What is the maximum amount Rita may contribute to the self-employed plan in each of the following situations?

a. She sets up a SEP IRA.

b.. She sets up an individual 401(k).

1. A Pareto efficient allocation of resources occurs where:

a. no individual can be made better off without making another worse off.

b. there is justice in the distribution of income and wealth MSB>MSC

c. MSB>MSC

d. all of the above

2. A public good is:

a) Any good traded in markets

b) A good that is non-excludable and non-rival in consumption

c) A good provided only to those who pay for it

d) Rarely provided by the government