4. A small airport has flights to only two cities, A and B. Suppose they get an average of 40 customers per
hour who want to fly to city A and 30 customers per hour who want to fly to city B. If these are independent
Poisson processes, then find the probability that
a) (3 pts) there are 7 or more customers who want to fly to city A in the next 6 minutes. Give your answer
to three decimal places.
b) (3 pts) 5 out of the next 8 customers want to fly to city A. Give your answer to three decimal places.
c) (3 pts) if 15 customers who want to fly to city B arrive in the next 30 minutes, then find the probability
that exactly four of them arrived in the first 5 minutes. Give your answer to three decimal places.

Question

Company X had the following information before adjustments:

Accounts receivable $230,000 (debit balance)

Allowance for doubtful accounts $3400 (credit balance)

Sales revenue (on credit) $1,580,000 (credit balance)

Sales returns and allowances $85,000 (debit balance)

Prepare the journal entry to record bad debt expense if the company estimates it to be 3% of receivables. Now assume the company determines that $3,000 will never be received. Prepare the journal entry to record the write-off. What is the net amount expected to be collected of the receivables after the write-off?

Hrubec Products, Inc., operates a Pulp Division that manufactures wood pulp for use in the production of various paper goods. Revenue and costs associated with a ton of pulp follow:

Hrubec Products has just acquired a small company that manufactures paper cartons. This company will be treated as a division of Hrubec with full profit responsibility. The newly formed Carton Division is currently purchasing 29,000 tons of pulp per year from a supplier at a cost of $21 per ton, less a 10% purchase discount. Hrubec’s president is anxious for the Carton Division to begin purchasing its pulp from the Pulp Division if an acceptable transfer price can be worked out.

Required:

For (1) and (2) below, assume the Pulp Division can sell all of its pulp to outside customers for $21 per ton.

1. What is the lowest acceptable transfer price from the perspective of the Pulp Division? What is the highest acceptable transfer price from the perspective of the Carton Division? What is the range of acceptable transfer prices (if any) between the two divisions? Are the managers of the Carton and Pulp Divisions likely to voluntarily agree to a transfer price for 29,000 tons of pulp next year?

2. If the Pulp Division meets the price that the Carton Division is currently paying to its supplier and sells 29,000 tons of pulp to the Carton Division each year, what will be the effect on the profits of the Pulp Division, the Carton Division, and the company as a whole?

For (3)–(6) below, assume that the Pulp Division is currently selling only 57,000 tons of pulp each year to outside customers at the stated $21 price.

3. What is the lowest acceptable transfer price from the perspective of the Pulp Division? What is the highest acceptable transfer price from the perspective of the Carton Division? What is the range of acceptable transfer prices (if any) between the two divisions? Are the managers of the Carton and Pulp Divisions likely to voluntarily agree to a transfer price for 29,000 tons of pulp next year?

4-a. Suppose the Carton Division’s outside supplier drops its price (net of the purchase discount) to only $16 per ton. Should the Pulp Division meet this price?

4-b. If the Pulp Division does not meet the $16 price, what will be the effect on the profits of the company as a whole?

5. Refer to (4) above. If the Pulp Division refuses to meet the $16 price, should the Carton Division be required to purchase from the Pulp Division at a higher price for the good of the company as a whole?

6. Refer to (4) above. Assume that due to inflexible management policies, the Carton Division is required to purchase 29,000 tons of pulp each year from the Pulp Division at $21 per ton. What will be the effect on the profits of the company as a whole?

Hrubec Products, Inc., operates a Pulp Division that manufactures wood pulp for use in the production of various paper goods. Revenue and costs associated with a ton of pulp follow:

Hrubec Products has just acquired a small company that manufactures paper cartons. This company will be treated as a division of Hrubec with full profit responsibility. The newly formed Carton Division is currently purchasing 31,000 tons of pulp per year from a supplier at a cost of $22 per ton, less a 10% purchase discount. Hrubec’s president is anxious for the Carton Division to begin purchasing its pulp from the Pulp Division if an acceptable transfer price can be worked out.

Required:

For (1) and (2) below, assume the Pulp Division can sell all of its pulp to outside customers for $22 per ton.

1. What is the lowest acceptable transfer price from the perspective of the Pulp Division? What is the highest acceptable transfer price from the perspective of the Carton Division? What is the range of acceptable transfer prices (if any) between the two divisions? Are the managers of the Carton and Pulp Divisions likely to voluntarily agree to a transfer price for 31,000 tons of pulp next year?

2. If the Pulp Division meets the price that the Carton Division is currently paying to its supplier and sells 31,000 tons of pulp to the Carton Division each year, what will be the effect on the profits of the Pulp Division, the Carton Division, and the company as a whole?

For (3)–(6) below, assume that the Pulp Division is currently selling only 54,000 tons of pulp each year to outside customers at the stated $22 price.

3. What is the lowest acceptable transfer price from the perspective of the Pulp Division? What is the highest acceptable transfer price from the perspective of the Carton Division? What is the range of acceptable transfer prices (if any) between the two divisions? Are the managers of the Carton and Pulp Divisions likely to voluntarily agree to a transfer price for 31,000 tons of pulp next year?

4-a. Suppose the Carton Division’s outside supplier drops its price (net of the purchase discount) to only $17 per ton. Should the Pulp Division meet this price?

4-b. If the Pulp Division does not meet the $17 price, what will be the effect on the profits of the company as a whole?

5. Refer to (4). If the Pulp Division refuses to meet the $17 price, should the Carton Division be required to purchase from the Pulp Division at a higher price for the good of the company as a whole?

6. Refer to (4). Assume that due to inflexible management policies, the Carton Division is required to purchase 31,000 tons of pulp each year from the Pulp Division at $22 per ton. What will be the effect on the profits of the company as a whole?

Hrubec Products, Inc., operates a Pulp Division that manufactures wood pulp for use in the production of various paper goods. Revenue and costs associated with a ton of pulp follow:

Hrubec Products has just acquired a small company that manufactures paper cartons. This company will be treated as a division of Hrubec with full profit responsibility. The newly formed Carton Division is currently purchasing 27,000 tons of pulp per year from a supplier at a cost of $24 per ton, less a 10% purchase discount. Hrubec’s president is anxious for the Carton Division to begin purchasing its pulp from the Pulp Division if an acceptable transfer price can be worked out.

Required:

For (1) and (2) below, assume the Pulp Division can sell all of its pulp to outside customers for $24 per ton.

1. What is the lowest acceptable transfer price from the perspective of the Pulp Division? What is the highest acceptable transfer price from the perspective of the Carton Division? What is the range of acceptable transfer prices (if any) between the two divisions? Are the managers of the Carton and Pulp Divisions likely to voluntarily agree to a transfer price for 27,000 tons of pulp next year?

2. If the Pulp Division meets the price that the Carton Division is currently paying to its supplier and sells 27,000 tons of pulp to the Carton Division each year, what will be the effect on the profits of the Pulp Division, the Carton Division, and the company as a whole?

For (3)–(6) below, assume that the Pulp Division is currently selling only 66,000 tons of pulp each year to outside customers at the stated $24 price.

3. What is the lowest acceptable transfer price from the perspective of the Pulp Division? What is the highest acceptable transfer price from the perspective of the Carton Division? What is the range of acceptable transfer prices (if any) between the two divisions? Are the managers of the Carton and Pulp Divisions likely to voluntarily agree to a transfer price for 27,000 tons of pulp next year?

4-a. Suppose the Carton Division’s outside supplier drops its price (net of the purchase discount) to only $19 per ton. Should the Pulp Division meet this price?

4-b. If the Pulp Division does not meet the $19 price, what will be the effect on the profits of the company as a whole?

5. Refer to (4). If the Pulp Division refuses to meet the $19 price, should the Carton Division be required to purchase from the Pulp Division at a higher price for the good of the company as a whole?

6. Refer to (4). Assume that due to inflexible management policies, the Carton Division is required to purchase 27,000 tons of pulp each year from the Pulp Division at $24 per ton. What will be the effect on the profits of the company as a whole?

Problem 11A-4 Transfer Price with an Outside Market [LO11-5]

Hrubec Products, Inc., operates a Pulp Division that manufactures wood pulp for use in the production of various paper goods. Revenue and costs associated with a ton of pulp follow:

Hrubec Products has just acquired a small company that manufactures paper cartons. This company will be treated as a division of Hrubec with full profit responsibility. The newly formed Carton Division is currently purchasing 29,000 tons of pulp per year from a supplier at a cost of $21 per ton, less a 10% purchase discount. Hrubec’s president is anxious for the Carton Division to begin purchasing its pulp from the Pulp Division if an acceptable transfer price can be worked out.

Required:

For (1) and (2) below, assume the Pulp Division can sell all of its pulp to outside customers for $21 per ton.

1. What is the lowest acceptable transfer price from the perspective of the Pulp Division? What is the highest acceptable transfer price from the perspective of the Carton Division? What is the range of acceptable transfer prices (if any) between the two divisions? Are the managers of the Carton and Pulp Divisions likely to voluntarily agree to a transfer price for 29,000 tons of pulp next year?

2. If the Pulp Division meets the price that the Carton Division is currently paying to its supplier and sells 29,000 tons of pulp to the Carton Division each year, what will be the effect on the profits of the Pulp Division, the Carton Division, and the company as a whole?

For (3)–(6) below, assume that the Pulp Division is currently selling only 55,000 tons of pulp each year to outside customers at the stated $21 price.

3. What is the lowest acceptable transfer price from the perspective of the Pulp Division? What is the highest acceptable transfer price from the perspective of the Carton Division? What is the range of acceptable transfer prices (if any) between the two divisions? Are the managers of the Carton and Pulp Divisions likely to voluntarily agree to a transfer price for 29,000 tons of pulp next year?

4-a. Suppose the Carton Division’s outside supplier drops its price (net of the purchase discount) to only $16 per ton. Should the Pulp Division meet this price?

4-b. If the Pulp Division does not meet the $16 price, what will be the effect on the profits of the company as a whole?

5. Refer to (4) above. If the Pulp Division refuses to meet the $16 price, should the Carton Division be required to purchase from the Pulp Division at a higher price for the good of the company as a whole?

6. Refer to (4) above. Assume that due to inflexible management policies, the Carton Division is required to purchase 29,000 tons of pulp each year from the Pulp Division at $21 per ton. What will be the effect on the profits of the company as a whole?

Hrubec Products, Inc., operates a Pulp Division that manufactures wood pulp for use in the production of various paper goods. Revenue and costs associated with a ton of pulp follow:

Hrubec Products has just acquired a small company that manufactures paper cartons. This company will be treated as a division of Hrubec with full profit responsibility. The newly formed Carton Division is currently purchasing 29,000 tons of pulp per year from a supplier at a cost of $25 per ton, less a 10% purchase discount. Hrubec’s president is anxious for the Carton Division to begin purchasing its pulp from the Pulp Division if an acceptable transfer price can be worked out.

Required:

For (1) and (2) below, assume the Pulp Division can sell all of its pulp to outside customers for $25 per ton.

1. What is the lowest acceptable transfer price from the perspective of the Pulp Division? What is the highest acceptable transfer price from the perspective of the Carton Division? What is the range of acceptable transfer prices (if any) between the two divisions? Are the managers of the Carton and Pulp Divisions likely to voluntarily agree to a transfer price for 29,000 tons of pulp next year?

2. If the Pulp Division meets the price that the Carton Division is currently paying to its supplier and sells 29,000 tons of pulp to the Carton Division each year, what will be the effect on the profits of the Pulp Division, the Carton Division, and the company as a whole?

For (3)–(6) below, assume that the Pulp Division is currently selling only 56,000 tons of pulp each year to outside customers at the stated $25 price.

3. What is the lowest acceptable transfer price from the perspective of the Pulp Division? What is the highest acceptable transfer price from the perspective of the Carton Division? What is the range of acceptable transfer prices (if any) between the two divisions? Are the managers of the Carton and Pulp Divisions likely to voluntarily agree to a transfer price for 29,000 tons of pulp next year?

4-a. Suppose the Carton Division’s outside supplier drops its price (net of the purchase discount) to only $20 per ton. Should the Pulp Division meet this price?

4-b. If the Pulp Division does not meet the $20 price, what will be the effect on the profits of the company as a whole?

5. Refer to (4) above. If the Pulp Division refuses to meet the $20 price, should the Carton Division be required to purchase from the Pulp Division at a higher price for the good of the company as a whole?

6. Refer to (4) above. Assume that due to inflexible management policies, the Carton Division is required to purchase 29,000 tons of pulp each year from the Pulp Division at $25 per ton. What will be the effect on the profits of the company as a whole?

Gibson Company makes a product that sells for $33 per unit. The company pays $23 per unit for the variable costs of the product and incurs annual fixed costs of $95,000. Gibson expects to sell 22,600 units of product.

Margin of Safety. %

Zachary Corporation, which has three divisions, is preparing its sales budget. Each division expects a different growth rate because economic conditions vary in different regions of the country. The growth expectations per quarter are 5 percent for Cummings Division, 3 percent for Springfield Division, and 7 percent for Douglas Division.

1. Complete the sales budget by filling in the missing amounts.

2. Determine the amount of sales revenue that the company will report on its quarterly pro forma income statements.

Determine Gibson’s margin of safety expressed as a percentage. (Round your answer to 2 decimal places (i.e., .2345 should be entered as 23.45).)

Complete the sales budget by filling in the missing amounts. (Round your final answers to the nearest whole dollar amount.)

Determine the amount of sales revenue that the company will report on its quarterly pro forma income statements. (Round intermediate calculations and final answers to the nearest whole dollar amount.)

Net Present Value Method—Annuity

Briggs Excavation Company is planning an investment of $420,800 for a bulldozer. The bulldozer is expected to operate for 2,000 hours per year for five years. Customers will be charged $135 per hour for bulldozer work. The bulldozer operator costs $25 per hour in wages and benefits. The bulldozer is expected to require annual maintenance costing $20,000. The bulldozer uses fuel that is expected to cost $33 per hour of bulldozer operation.

a. Determine the equal annual net cash flows from operating the bulldozer. Use a minus sign to indicate cash outflows.

Feedback

a. Subtract the operating expenses (hourly fuel and labor costs, multiplied by the operating hours, plus the annual maintenance costs) from the revenues (operating hours multiplied by the hourly revenue).

Learning Objective 3.

b. Determine the net present value of the investment, assuming that the desired rate of return is 20%. Use the present value of an annuity of $1 table above. Round to the nearest dollar. If required, use the minus sign to indicate a negative net present value.

c. Should Briggs Excavation invest in the bulldozer, based on this analysis?
No , because the bulldozer cost is more than the present value of the cash flows at the minimum desired rate of return of 20%.

d. Determine the number of operating hours such that the present value of cash flows equals the amount to be invested. Round interim calculations and final answer to the nearest whole number.
hours

Magi Chen is the managing director of Sun Construction Pty Ltd, a family owned business that provides construction services. As Magi is interested in purchasing some new construction equipment’s for her business, she has approached her local bank for finance. The bank has asked that Magi provide an audited financial statement to assist them in considering her loan application. Magi has approached your audit firm for this service and you have been allocated the task of auditing Sun Construction for the year ended 30 June 2019. You have undertaken a preliminary review of the business and determined that a substantive testing approach would be suitable and appropriate. You are currently preparing an audit program for the revenue cycle. The following information has been obtained from your review: • Magi usually works 120 hours a fortnight. Part of this time is spent travelling between different clients and is not charged to the clients. The remaining time is charged at $60 per hour, regardless of the task undertaken. • Customers typically pay Magi in cash for the work undertaken, except for a small number of regular small-business customers. Magi allows these customers to pay on account by bank transfer on a monthly basis. • Magi supplies each cash customer with a written receipt, prepared manually from a receipt book purchased at the local news-agency. The book contains pre-numbered blank receipts, which are completed in duplicate. Required: For each of the assertions of occurrence, completeness and accuracy, identify a procedure(s) you could use to audit Sun Construction's revenue.