Options in corporate finance

A. The CEO of a growing cyber-security firm was awarded 25,000 stock options as part of her pay package.  She can exercise the options -turn them into stock- in two years.  The company’s stock price was $35.00 per share at the time of the stock option grant.  Shortly after the option award was received, she went to an investment banking firm and bought put options at a strike price of $35.00.  The option expires in two years.

(i) What does the put option do for the CEO?  Carefully explain why your stated result occurs.

(ii) Stock options and stock ownership are included in compensation packages to create incentives for CEOs to create value for shareholders.  Does this put option purchase change those incentives? If so, how?  

(iii) If you were a shareholder in this company, would you want to be informed about these types of transactions by the CEO?

____________________________________________________________

B.  Company B is a small, publicly-traded technology company.  Company B is close to completing development of a new software/hardware product for schools that uses voice recognition to quickly translate a lecture into written notes that are projected onto a screen and automatically sent to students as PDF documents.  The lecturer can then annotate the notes with a drawing pad linked to the computer projection system.  These annotations are included in the PDF that is distributed after the lecture is complete.  

      The company needs about $30 million to complete development and begin production and marketing of this product.  The company is profitable with one other product that generates about $1,200,000 in cash flow annually.  For many reasons the company has been very secretive about its new product so its stock price is quite low, being based on the modest cash flows of its existing product.  Company officials and outside consultants agree that it is too early to reveal the new product’s details given what they know of competing products.

      The company has hired an investment banker to help it determine how to raise the $30 million.  The banker immediately recommends convertible bonds.  Current interest rates on bonds or notes for companies of this type are in the range of 8% to 10%, but convertible debt would probably have a coupon rate of 3% to 5% depending on the conversion price.  The higher the conversion price the higher the coupon rate.  

The banker says that convertible bonds are a win-win for the company in this situation.  The company can keep their product secret but issue stock at a higher price (the conversion price) than the current stock price.  In the meantime, the interest rate on the debt will be about 4% or 5%, which the company should be able to support from its cash flow.  The banker explains that if for some reason the product is not a success, and there is no conversion to stock, the company has issued debt at a very low rate. Probably 5% below the rate on non-convertible debt.  Win-win!

The company’s tax rate is about 28%.

1. Can the company afford the interest on $30 million of convertible debt?
2. Is the banker correct about this being a win-win situation for the company?  Is there a different perspective that company managers need to understand before making this decision?  Explain.
3. If convertible debt has a lower coupon rate because the conversion option has value.  Why don’t all companies issue convertible debt and save on interest costs?

You are a US company which makes fashion accessories, particularly fashion sunglasses. Recently you decided to expand the company internationally and you are going to start first in the European Union (EU) which is one of the worlds largest markets. You will both produce some products there and also sell some products there. Your forecast for next year is below. In the forecast, any item marked as an EU item is actually the US dollar equivalent of Euro which has been translated at the EUR forward rate.

Question: What answer best represents the foreign exchange exposure in your forecast?

Spot EUR fx rate: 1.20 Forward EUR fx rate: 1.22 (all numbers expressed as $USD '000)

Cash Revenues

US revenues $5,000

EU revenues $2,000

Cash Costs

Corporate costs ($1,000)

Research & development ($500)

US capital investments ($100)

EU capital investments ($2,000)

US salaries ($2,000)

EU salaries ($1,000)

Possible answers:

$1,000

($1,000)

(820 Euro)

(1,000 Euro)

Please show step by step answers and reasonings

Thank you

Timmins Company of Emporia, Kansas, spreads herbicides and applies liquid fertilizer for local farmers. On May 31, 2020, the company’s Cash account per its general ledger showed a balance of $6,100.50.
The bank statement from Emporia State Bank on that date showed the following balance.

A comparison of the details on the bank statement with the details in the Cash account revealed the following facts.

Set up - You were hired in the role of accounting lead a couple of years ago by a privately held company.

You report directly to the CEO. The company sells its products through a dealer distribution network.

Revenue is booked at the time shipment occurs. Under standard practice, revenue will be booked as of

the last day of the month if the shipment will occur within 1 or 2 days of the new month. On occasion,

revenue may be booked if the product is ready for shipment but the dealer/customer does not wish to

take shipment due to a holiday or vacation schedule. (So, if the shipment does not occur only because it

is inconvenient for the dealer/customer to receive it, the customer is charged a nominal “warehousing”

fee and revenue will be recognized in such situations; shipment will occur as soon as it’s convenient for

the dealer/customer to receive the shipment upon their return to the workplace.) Since the company is

privately held, it does not require a financial audit but it does receive an annual financial review by an

independent CPA firm.

The Issue - At quarter end, you receive a call from your boss instructing you to book a $100,000 sale,

sending the invoice to a dealer/customer. On April 4, you send the invoice dated the last day of the

month (3/31) and you give the dealer/customer an additional 30 days to pay since the product had not

yet shipped as of April 4. The dealer/customer replies that as of April 5, he still does not have a

purchase order for the $100,000 sale but hopes to get one soon. In addition, if he cannot get the

purchase order, he hopes to get a purchase order elsewhere for basically the same products for a

hopefully similar price.

In addition, at the end of 2017, there was an order to be secured by a letter of credit. The CEO wants the

almost $100,000 sale in 2017. You let the CEO know you’re hesitant to book this in 2017 since the order

has not shipped and no letter of credit has been sent yet. There are also tax ramifications (i.e., the

company will fare better booking the sale in 2018 due to the more favorable tax treatment of

corporations under the new tax legislation). The CEO replies that before he decides, he wants to see

how the numbers shake out. He decides he wishes the revenue to appear in 2017.

There were some other bookings of revenues with various dealer/customers in quarter 1 totaling

approximately $150,000, for which letter of credit documentation had not yet been received. The

dealer/customers had not yet authorized shipment because the required documentation had not yet

cleared all channels (it was not due to holiday/vacation reason inconvenience), but the CEO said to

consider these transactions “warehoused” and book the revenue.

In addition to the fact that the review of 2017 is still ongoing, the company is looking to sell

approximately 20% of its stock to a publicly traded company. The 2017 financials have been provided to

the potential buyer (marked “unreviewed”) and the potential buyer has been asking for the quarter 1

results of 2018.

Get with your group. What is your view of the entire situation? What do you do? Be sure to pay

attention to rules/regs that lead you to feel there is an ethical problem here.

1. Determine the facts of the situation. This involves determining the "who, what, where, when, and how."

2. Identify the ethical issue and the stakeholders. Stakeholders may include shareholders, creditors, management, employees, and the community.

3. Identify the values related to the situation. For example, in some situations confidentiality may be an important value that may conflict with the right to know.

4. Specify the alternative courses of action.

5. Evaluate the courses of action specific in step 4 in sterms of their consistency with the values identified in step 3. This step may or may not lead to a suggested course of action.

6. Identify the consequences of each possible course of action. If step 5 does not provide a course of action, assess the consequences of each possible course of action for all of the stakeholders involved.

7. Make your decision and take any indicated action.

Go through these two studies and write a three to five page analysis of the two healthcare facilities you have conducted the research.

In this concluding section of the paper, explain how the situations may be similar or how they are different. Things you want to compare can include but not limited to reimbursement, quality and availability of care, government regulations and how changes in healthcare system such as the Affordable Care Act (ACA) will impact healthcare management in the near future.

CASE STUDY #1: WESTCHESTER MEDICAL CENTER

INTERVIEW W/: Nurse manager from the ICU’s units

How does financing and reimbursement affect delivery of care?

There is a huge impact of the financing and reimbursement on the quality of the care delivered to the patients having some kind of insurance or the health policy. The financial and reimbursement status is taken as the regulator of the type of the care delivered to the patients in the healthcare system. Financial and reimbursement policies greatly affect the quality of the delivery of the care.

How does reimbursement differ in the delivery of outpatient vs inpatient care?

Yes, reimbursement differs in the delivery of the outpatient vs inpatient care. In case of the outpatient department the patient takes the prescription provided by the physician and has the medicine from the reliable source hence have minimum impact of the reimbursement policies on the other hand in case of in-patient care the patient is admitted in the hospital. He/she may be advised for the plenty of the diagnostic pathological tests, there is included the bed charges and other ambulatory services. Hence in case of the inpatient care there is huge impact of the reimbursement.

How do Managed Care and Integrated Systems impact the cost, access, and quality of health care delivery?

The managed care and integrated systems highly impact the cost access and quality of the healthcare delivery by utilizing the systematic plans regarding the delivery of the healthcare using the special provisions regarding the individual patient.

These evidence based practices are highly effective in reducing cost of care, along with maintaining the proper access of the care with the high quality concerns.

How has Legislative Health Policy impacted the delivery of care?

The legislative Health Policy had a great impact on the delivery of care as it governs the healthcare and insurance policies. There are various health policy reforms which have a direct impact on the quality of the care. These regulations are ensuring the good healthcare delivery to the population. Hence there is need to reform these healthcare policies time to time.

What is the future of health services delivery?

As per the future concerns of the health care service delivery, there is need to have a concern of the cost effectiveness and inclusion of novel health care technologies in the healthcare organizations. On the basis of these systematic concerns we can assure an effective health care delivery for the welfare of the mankind.

CASE STUDY #2: MONTEFIORE HOSPITAL

INTERVIEW W/: CEO Montefiore

How does financing and reimbursement affect delivery of care?

Health insurance affect health care delivery in the US that it makes providers less aware of the actual cost of health care it creates provider induced demand, this financing greatly influences how much health care is delivered.

How does reimbursement differ in the delivery of outpatient vs inpatient care?

Reimbursement varies most significantly by insurance company, more insurance companies do reimburse inpatient and outpatient serves very differently, but some smaller insurance companies may reimburse according to simple criteria, Medicare inpatient prospective payment system reimburses a weighted fee schedule of rates by diagnosis related group based upon the average cost of cost across the mations providers for that particular set of health issues, and Medicare outpatient reimbursement fits into one of two scenarios that is clinic( a freestanding primary ) and hospital( procedures performed wither at the hospital or at a clinic located within 35 miles of the hospital that own and operate the clinic) there reimbursed accordingly to the ambulatory payment classification.

How do Managed Care and Integrated Systems impact the cost, access, and quality of health care delivery?

Managed care and integrated systems has positive impact on the cost and access and quality of health care delivery.

My opinion:

How has Legislative Health Policy impacted the delivery of care?

Legislative health policy impacted the delivery of care: the health care delivery system continue to evolve by the market forces, and as do legal and regulatory changes resulting from health reform legislation.

What is the future of health services delivery?

The future of health service delivery: insurances drop individual plans because they do not comply with some of the mandates and employers cope by reducing worker hours and negotiating new health plans and the US healthcare system will continue to evolve but no one knows the destiny. The human services framework can barely be known as a framework. Or maybe it is a confounding cluster of exceedingly decentralized areas. Span of doctor bunches is growing, 37.12 percent of rehearsing doctors are still in solo or two man hones. The wellbeing design segment is getting some distance from structures that can encourage combination and coordination, with the piece of the overall industry of wellbeing upkeep associations falling and favored supplier associations. Furthermore, healing center division has been merging in numerous business sectors of the 5,000 network doctor's facilities, in excess of 3,500 have a place with some system or framework a large portion of these courses of action are centered on managerial instead of clinical joining.

1. On November 4, 2019 McDonald’s Corporation fired its CEO for having a consensual relationship in the workplace. The following data on their stock price, the level of the S&P 500, and the risk-free interest rate come from the days surrounding the announcement:

McDonald’s has a Beta of .26.

1. (20 points) What is the expected return for McDonald’s from the CAPM for November 4 and 5?
2. (20 points) What is the actual return of McDonald’s for November 4 and 5?
3. (20 points) What is the cumulative abnormal return for McDonald’s for these two days? If the market capitalization (Price * shares outstanding) for McDonald’s is $149.949B, how much did the firing of the CEO cost McDonald’s shareholders?

1. On November 4, 2019 McDonald’s Corporation fired its CEO for having a consensual relationship in the workplace. The following data on their stock price, the level of the S&P 500, and the risk-free interest rate come from the days surrounding the announcement:

McDonald’s has a Beta of .26.

1. (20 points) What is the expected return for McDonald’s from the CAPM for November 4 and 5?
2. (20 points) What is the actual return of McDonald’s for November 4 and 5?
3. (20 points) What is the cumulative abnormal return for McDonald’s for these two days? If the market capitalization (Price * shares outstanding) for McDonald’s is $149.949B, how much did the firing of the CEO cost McDonald’s shareholders?

Identify which of these types of sampling is used: Convenience, Random (SRS), Systematic, Stratified, or Cluster sampling.

A Los Angeles Times reporter gets a reaction to a breaking story by poling people as they pass the front of the Times building.

The Orange County Commissioner of Jurors obtains a list of 55,014 car owners and constructs a poll of jurors by selecting every 50th name on the list.

In a Harris poll of 1,011 adults, the interview subjects were selected by using a computer to randomly generate telephone numbers that were then called.

A Ford Motor Company researcher has partitioned all registered cars into categories of compact, mid-size, and family-size. He is surveying 75 car owners from each category.

Motivated by a student who died from binge drinking, Chico State conducts a study of student drinking by randomly selecting 10 different classes and interviewing all of the students in each of those classes.

A statistics student obtains height/weight data by interviewing the members of his fraternity.

A UCLA researcher surveys all cardiac patients in each of 30 randomly selected hospitals.

I need to simulate the interview speech and use the following skills to explain why I want to join the job of security. The speech is from 30 seconds to 1 minute, and the self-introduction part can be omitted. thank you for your help.

Course: Professional Career Development and Management

Experience：I am a veteran and served in the 101st Airborne Division of the United States for 3 years. Because I was at infantry company, I can use a lot of firearms, as well as self-defense skills, fighting skills, emergency treatment, protect customer skills, etc.

U.S Army Infantry                                                  

• Performed as a member of a fire team during drills and combat
• Assisted with mobilization of vehicles, troops and weaponry
• Coordinated and managed all reconnaissance missions
• Processed prisoners of war and captured documents
• Maintained and stored combat weapons (e.g., rifles, machine guns, antitank mines, etc.)

·        Air assault (Ability to jump from a helicopter using a rope)

Skills

      Language (Korean, Chinese, English.)

      Security Guard

      Weapons Control

      Team player

Question 1: Use the eight phases of the communication process to analyze a miscommunication you’ve once had with a classmate, teacher, friend, or family member. What idea were you trying to share? How did you encode and transmit it? Did the receiver get the message? How do you know? Based on your analysis, identify and explain the barriers prevented your successful communication in this instance.

Question 2: Based on what you studied in chapter 1, explain why you think this situation is an ethical dilemma or an ethical lapse.

Mark worked as a marketing specialist for 10 years in a well-known car company. Due to financial issues, he lost his job with the company. After about 6 months, he found a new job in another company with the same position he used to hold before. To impress his supervisor, he shared with him confidential information about his previous (competing) employer's major clients.

Question 3:After five years of work in the human resources department at Cell Genesys ( a company that is developing cancer treatment drugs), you were laid off in a round of cost cutting moves that rippled through the biotech industry in recent years. The good news is that you found stable employment in the grocery distribution industry. The bad news is that in the three years since you left Cell Genesys, you have truly missed working in the exciting biotechnology field and having the opportunity to be a part of something as important as helping people recover from life-threatening diseases. You know careers in biotech are uncertain, but you have a few dollars in the bank now, and you’re willing to ride the rollercoaster again. This means going back to the biotech industry.

Your Task: Write an email to Calvin Morris, your old boss at Cell Genesys, reminding him of the time you worked together and asking him to write a letter of recommendation for you.

Question 4: Revise these sentences to be positive rather than negative.

1. You messed up the interview. Your answers were rude and inappropriate.
2. Despite our reminders, you have not specified the color of the electronic clocks. As we need time to make bulk arrangements, we cannot ship the shipment until you send us the information.

Question 5: Revise these sentences to eliminate bias.

1. James, an African American basketball player, lives in Los Angeles.
2. A pilot must have the ability to stay calm under pressure, and then he must be trained to cope with any problem that arises.
3. A company owned by a 65-year white woman earned a million dollars last year.