We performed a final experiment where we determined the tightness of DNA packaging for this gene in wild-type toe cells, and in toe cells in which the Talon enhancer had been mutated as described for constructs g-k. In this experiment we isolated chromatin and determined if an enzyme cuts in the gene very well or very poorly, depending on how tightly packed the DNA is at the site of cutting.

c. Suggest why the ability of an enzyme to cut chromatin at a specific location might tell us about chromatin structure; specifically packing of DNA.

In this experiment, poor cutting gives a 7kb fragment of DNA, while fragments of 4kb and 3kb indicate good cutting of the DNA. The results are indicated below:

Construct                   DNA fragments observed    Chromatin structure

                                                                                    (tight, loose or intermediate)

g                                  4kb, 3kb

h and i                         7kb, 4kb, 3kb

j                                   7kb     

k                                  4kb, 3kb

d. Complete the table above to indicate the chromatin structure implied for each construct.

List the characteristics of a multinomial experiment (select all that apply):

a) The probability that the outcome of a single trial falls into a particular category remains constant from trial to trial.

b) The trials are independent.

c) The experiment consists of n identical trials.

d) The outcome of each trial falls into one of k categories.

e) Each trial results in one of only two possible outcomes.

f) The experiment contains M successes and N − M failures.

g) The probability that the outcome of a single trial falls between two categories is equal to the area under the curve between those categories.

h) The experimenter counts the observed number of outcomes in each category.

i) The number of successes is evenly distributed over all k categories.

j) Its mean is 0 and its standard deviation is 1.

k) We are interested in x, the number of events that occur in a period of time or space.

l) We are interested in x, the number of successes observed during the n trials.

As you showed on the last exam, an experiment at U of Arkansas a couple of years ago showed that the genes for CHF and RA are linked by a distance of 10.2 cM in pigs. In order to test the linkage relationship obtained by the U of Arkansas team, a U of Missouri biology team repeated the experiment making exactly the same cross, but using independently obtained pigs.

Healthy pigs: 255

CHF: 40

RA: 44

Both CHF & RA: 261

Total: 600

Conduct a chi2 test to ascertain if there is sufficient grounds for the Missouri team to reject the Arkansas linkage value. Hint: For your expected values, use the linkage estimate provided by the Arkansas researchers to calculate what the Missouri team would have expected in their experiment. Be sure to show how you calculated your X2 value, your d.f., p-value, and conclusion from your test. For expected values use to 1 decimal, for X2 values use to 2 decimals. If you reject the Arkansas hypothesis, propose an alternative explanation

Ball Drop Experiment

4. You have a class of 20 students who were conducting the ball drop experiment. The data for one student, Fernando, is given below. He noticed that his experimental values to not exactly match the expected (calculated) values. He is very concerned that he did not do the experiment correctly and is upset.  

1. Calculate a χ2 score for Fernando’s data.

2. What can you tell Fernando about his data? Should this make him feel better?

3. Maria does a chi-square calculation and gets a p-value of 0.03. She is very proud that her p-value is the lowest in the class. What can you tell Maria about her data?

Measurement, external, internal and statistical conclusion validity are the four major types of validity. What does each address, and give an example (1 or 2 sentences) of an experiment that addresses each type of validity? What are the 4 components of external validity, what does each address, and give an example (1 or 2 sentences) of an experiment that addresses each component of external validity? What are the 4 stages of participant selection/sampling and what does each address? What is the difference between a qualitative variable and a quantitative variable and give 4 examples of each? What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable? Give me a simple 1 or 2 sentence study outlining the independent and dependent variables (hint: think cause and effect). 2 pts. If we were going to run an experiment that measures if rise in temperature in a classroom is related to aggression and degree of liking people, how would you operationally define the variables (hint: there are 3 – 2 dependent variables and 1 independent variable)? 2 pts.

Code in Java

Write a Student class which has two instance variables, ID and name. This class should have a two-parameter constructor that will set the value of ID and name variables. Write setters and getters for both instance variables. The setter for ID should check if the length of ID lies between 6 to 8 and setter for name should check that the length of name should lie between 0 to 20. If the value could not be set, print a relevant message stating value could not be changed.

Finally, code a main method that will create an instance of Student class with ID as “5678654” and name as “Shawn” then print the ID and name to screen. Then use the setters to set the value of ID to “123456789” and name to “JohnCarlo” and then print the values of ID and name by using their getters.