Classify the following bivariate relationships as to whether or not there is staistical association. If so, is the relationship likely to be causal one, or is it due to confounding with some other factor or due to bias.

1. During a recent police strike, the reported rate of new crimes was 20 per 1000 population compared to a normal new crime of 40 per 1,000 population.

2. Carriers of matches experience a lung cancer incidence rate of 80 per 100,000 person-years as compared to 20 per 100,000 person-years among those who don't carry matches.

3. In a survey of students, 50% of the males reported drinking in the last 30 days, while 49% of the females reported drinking in the last 30 days.

please answer 1, 2 and 3 and explain your answer.

thank you

Question

Objective:

The objective of this lab exercise is to give you practice in programming with one of Python’s most widely used “container” data types -- the List (commonly called an “Array” in most other programming languages). More specifically you will demonstrate how to:

1. Declare list objects
2. Access a list for storing (i.e., writing) into a cell (a.k.a., element or component) and retrieving (i.e., reading) a value from a list cell/element/component
3. Iterate through a list looking for specific values using a for…in loop repetition construct
4. Pass an entire list argument to a function
5. Process a list parameter received by a function

Discussion:     

For this exercise you will be simulating a Weather Station responsible for recording hourly temperatures and reporting on certain characteristics (e.g., average temperature) from your recordings. You will also be expanding on your experience in creating functions and passing them more complex parameters (i.e., complete list arguments – sometimes empty and sometimes full).

Specifications:

DDI&T a Python program to input, store, and process hourly temperatures for each hour of the day (i.e., 24 temperatures). Your program should be divided logically into the following parts:

1. In function main() declare an empty List container:

         HourlyTemperatures = []    

2. Pass the empty HourlyTemperatures list to a function,

GetTemperatures(HourlyTemperatures)

         This function must interactively prompt for and input temperatures for each of the 24 hours in a day (0 through 23). For each temperature that is input, verify that its value lies in the range of minus 50 degrees and plus 130 degrees (i.e., validate your input values). If any value is outside the acceptable range, ask the user to re-enter the value until it is within this range before going on to the next temperature (HINT: use a nested loop (e.g., Python’s equivalent to a do-while loop) that exits only when a value in the specified range has been entered). Store each validated temperature in its corresponding element of the list container passed as a parameter to the function (Hint: Look at the ‘append(…)’ function that can be called on a list container).

3. Next pass the filled list container to a function,

ComputeAverageTemp(HourlyTemperatures)

         This function computes the average temperature of all the temperatures in the list and returns this average to the calling function.

4. Finally, pass the filled list container and the computed average temperature to another function,

                  DisplayTemperatures(HourlyTemperatures, AverageTemp)

         which displays the values of your temperature list in a columnar format followed by the values for the high temperature, low temperature, and average temperature for the day.  NOTE: If you want to create separate function(s) to find and return the high and low temperature values, then feel free to do so!

The resulting output should look something like this:

Hour                          Temperature

00:00                                42

01:00                                42

. . . . .                                . . . // Your program output must include all of these too!

22:00                                46

23:00                                48

High Temperature:          68

Low Temperature:           42

Average Temperature:    57.4

5.      Since you have several created functions to perform each of the major steps of your solution, your main(): function should be quite simple. The pseudo code for main() might look something like this:

                  main()

                       #declare any necessary variable(s) and HourlyTemperatures list

                       while user-wants-to-process-another-days’-worth-of-temperatures

                           call GetTemperatures(HourlyTemperatures)

                                 call ComputeAverageTemp(HourlyTemperatures)

                                 call DisplayTemperatures(HourlyTemperatures, AverageTemperature)

                                 ask if user want to process another days’ worth of temperatures

6.      Test your program with at least two (2) different sets of temperatures. Make sure you enter values to adequately test your temperature-validation code (e.g., temperatures below –50 and above +130 degrees).

Deliverable(s):

Your deliverable should be a Word document with screenshots showing the sample code you have created, and discuss the issues that you had for this project related to AWS and/or Python IDE and how you solved them.

Turn in the properly documented source listing of your program and complete outputs from at least TWO (2) test “runs”. Additionally, turn in screen captures of some of your interactive inputs demonstrating that your program properly detects invalid inputs and prompts the user to re-enter the temperature(s).

prove it's correct or not.

A particular version of MERGESORT breaks the array into three equal parts, recursively sorts the first two parts, merges them, recursively sorts the last part, and merges it with the already merged parts one and two. This MERGESORT has the same worst-case running time as the standard version.

Two tennis players, A and B, are playing in a tournament; the first person to win 3 sets is declared the winner of the match (best of 5. no ties allowed) Assume that A is stronger and wins each set with probability of 0.6 and the outcome of each set is independent of other sets.

a.) What is the probability player A will win the match? (With explanation)

b.) Let A and B be events such that P(A) = 0.45, P(B) = 0.3, and P(A U B) = 0.6. Find P(A|B) and P(B|A). (With explanation) Thanks!!!!!!

A. Profitability and productivity are two sides of the same coin. Discuss the relationship between them and explain how the use of materials can affect either of them.   

B. Waste in both service and manufacturing organizations have common characteristics. Explain any three such characteristics as it relates to a company manufacturing pencils.                                                                                                    

C. Capacity planning is required to match demand to supply at minimum total cost. Why is it necessary to do so? What three strategies can be adopted to match demand to supply?      

The data

You have been given data from red maple and white oak trees from a national forest dominated by mixed hardwood stands.  The following variables for each tree are included

treecode,location,species,dbh,height
1-W-7,eastern,MR,46.8,39.2
1-N-1,eastern,MR,47.1,37.4
1-E-4,eastern,MR,60.6,41.1
2-M-2,eastern,MR,50.1,26.9
3-E-4,eastern,MR,16.4,25.2
3-M-6,eastern,MR,29.4,27.3
3-S-4,eastern,MR,33.3,38
3-N-5,eastern,MR,37.4,22.5
3-N-6,eastern,MR,36.4,25
4-M-3,eastern,MR,7.2,3.9
4-M-2,eastern,MR,8,6.1
5-E-3,eastern,MR,19.6,14.5
7-N-5,eastern,MR,41.6,34.1
8-W-5,eastern,MR,31.7,31
8-S-7,eastern,MR,39.4,31.2
11-M-3,eastern,MR,16.3,24.3
11-M-5,eastern,MR,22.8,26.2
11-M-8,eastern,MR,23.4,30.8
11-M-4,eastern,MR,29.5,25.6
11-N-7,eastern,MR,37.5,27.6
11-S-6,eastern,MR,40.4,34.8
13-M-3,eastern,MR,31.8,27.7
13-M-2,eastern,MR,67.4,37.8
14-M-5,eastern,MR,31.1,28.7
14-M-4,eastern,MR,35.4,30.6
14-W-2,eastern,MR,34.3,33.3
14-E-3,eastern,MR,41.5,32.4
14-N-3,eastern,MR,39.1,36.8
14-M-3,eastern,MR,51,43.4
42-N-1,western,MR,57.6,35.9
43-M-4,western,MR,2.5,4.8
43-M-5,western,MR,3.4,4.8
43-M-7,western,MR,7,7
43-M-9,western,MR,10.5,9.7
44-M-3,western,MR,18.2,22.3
44-E-3,western,MR,25.6,25.3
45-M-1,western,MR,62.7,40
46-M-1,western,MR,25.6,28.3
46-M-2,western,MR,28.7,26.6
46-M-5,western,MR,43.9,26.8
46-N-9,western,MR,50.9,36.1
46-M-7,western,MR,56.3,35.2
47-N-1,western,MR,8.6,8.7
47-E-4,western,MR,22.6,19.3
48-M-2,western,MR,26,21.6
48-S-5,western,MR,30.7,23.5
49-M-7,western,MR,38.3,26.8
49-W-1,western,MR,45.4,29.6
50-M-5,western,MR,27,19
3-W-5,eastern,OW,6,6.5
3-W-3,eastern,OW,12.5,7.8
3-M-4,eastern,OW,19.1,25.2
3-M-3,eastern,OW,34.4,25.2
7-M-3,eastern,OW,31.7,24.2
7-S-1,eastern,OW,40.2,23
7-N-6,eastern,OW,45.5,25.2
7-N-7,eastern,OW,52.4,31.3
7-W-5,eastern,OW,54.3,28.3
8-M-2,eastern,OW,37.8,30.9
8-E-1,eastern,OW,65,36.4
8-M-4,eastern,OW,68.1,32.2
9-S-6,eastern,OW,59.8,46.9
11-M-2,eastern,OW,12.1,18.6
11-E-2,eastern,OW,17.7,12.4
48-M-7,western,OW,62.5,27.6
49-M-8,western,OW,3.7,4.4
49-N-4,western,OW,47.8,19.5
49-M-6,western,OW,53.4,29.6
49-M-4,western,OW,56,25.3
49-M-3,western,OW,67.4,27.4
50-N-2,western,OW,45.4,20.8
50-M-7,western,OW,48.1,23.9
50-M-4,western,OW,45.4,23.4
50-M-2,western,OW,48.7,22.7
52-N-6,western,OW,5.2,7
53-E-2,western,OW,44.3,30.6
53-N-2,western,OW,45.3,23.7
53-M-5,western,OW,76.9,28.6
54-M-6,western,OW,32.7,23.3
54-M-2,western,OW,40.2,24.1
54-S-6,western,OW,47.8,26.1
55-M-1,western,OW,49,27
55-M-2,western,OW,66.3,26.7
56-M-3,western,OW,29.3,18.8
57-M-3,western,OW,37.9,37.4
58-M-6,western,OW,41.9,22.4
59-M-2,western,OW,24.7,15.1
61-M-6,western,OW,57.3,30.6
62-M-10,western,OW,4.1,8.3
62-M-2,western,OW,9.1,2.7

1. Read in the csv file into a dataframe called “trees” with either the Import utility in RStudio, or by using the function read.csv, e.g.:

trees = read.csv("C:/My Documents/ E-W MR-OW data.csv")

1. Examine the variables using the str function:

What kind of data is contained in the “species” variable?  What kind of data is contained in the height variable

2. Examine the first few lines of data using the head function:

head(trees)

HSU Corporation has two service departments, Maintenance and Administration, and two producing departments A and B.

The direct costs of each department for the last year is as follows:

Administration                $   80,000

Maintenance                       60,000

Department A                      5,000

Department B                      20,000

Information on the proportion of services supplied and used is:

Using the reciprocal method of service department cost allocation Administration costs allocated to Department B is:

The authors of the paper "Age and Violent Content Labels Make Video Games Forbidden Fruits for Youth" carried out an experiment to determine if restrictive labels on video games actually increased the attractiveness of the game for young game players.†Participants read a description of a new video game and were asked how much they wanted to play the game. The description also included an age rating. Some participants read the description with an age restrictive label of 7+, indicating that the game was not appropriate for children under the age of 7. Others read the same description, but with an age restrictive label of 12+, 16+, or 18+.

The data below for 12- to 13-year-old boys are fictitious, but are consistent with summary statistics given in the paper. (The sample sizes in the actual experiment were larger.) For purposes of this exercise, you can assume that the boys were assigned at random to one of the four age label treatments (7+, 12+, 16+, and 18+). Data shown are the boys' ratings of how much they wanted to play the game on a scale of 1 to 10.

Do the data provide convincing evidence that the mean rating associated with the game description by 12- to 13-year-old boys is not the same for all four restrictive rating labels? Test the appropriate hypotheses using a significance level of 0.05.

Calculate the test statistic. (Round your answer to two decimal places.)

F =  

Please show work and explain. thank you

Statistics Homework

The management staff of a grocery products manufacturer collects data on 50 routes. For each route the factor variable is the mileage and response variable is the shipping rate (dollars per 100 pound). 1. Make a scatterplot and add the regression line. 2. Interpret the slope in the words of the problem. 3. Find the coefficient of determination and interpret. 4. Find the correlation coefficient and interpret. 5. Find and interpret a 95% Confidence Interval for the true slope. 6. Plot the standardized residuals vs. mileage. Interpret. 7. Plot the predicted values vs. shipping rate. Interpret. 8. Make a normality plot. Interpret. 9. Find the predicted values for Mileage = 400 and Mileage = 800. 10. Find the residuals values for Mileage = 400 and Mileage = 800

Statistics Homework

The management staff of a grocery products manufacturer collects data on 50 routes. For each route the factor variable is the mileage and response variable is the shipping rate (dollars per 100 pound). 1. Make a scatterplot and add the regression line. 2. Interpret the slope in the words of the problem. 3. Find the coefficient of determination and interpret. 4. Find the correlation coefficient and interpret. 5. Find and interpret a 95% Confidence Interval for the true slope. 6. Plot the standardized residuals vs. mileage. Interpret. 7. Plot the predicted values vs. shipping rate. Interpret. 8. Make a normality plot. Interpret. 9. Find the predicted values for Mileage = 400 and Mileage = 800. 10. Find the residuals values for Mileage = 400 and Mileage = 800