Case Study: Supply Chain Trends The Do-Green Solar Systems case addresses challenges faced by a Canadian manufacturer as a result of the CUSMA trade agreement. As you read through the case, think abou the challenges, risks and complexities in changing their supply chain from North Americanto Internationalmarkets. Do-Green Solar Systems Taylor Douglas, V.P of Do-Green Solar Systems, was evaluating the strategic position of the company. With the new Canada-United States-Mexico (CUSMA) agreement in place and the uncertainty around future trade with the United States Taylor was pondering the future direction of Do-Green. Do-Green’s History Taylor grew up in the family business. Established in 2000 Do-Green began as a family run electrical contracting company. Their core business focused on providing residential electrical contracting for new home construction as well as renovations and electrical upgrades to existing homes. As the business grew Taylor began to deal more and more with requests from customers for solar power options for their homes. Taylor realized that the market for residential solar power was growing. Supply agreement/partnership attempts with solar component suppliers proved to be unreliable. It was at that point Taylor decided to purchase a facility to begin manufacturing solar power components for residential use. In 2004 Do-Green Solar Systems was formed. Do-Green was now involved in both the manufacture and installation of solar power systems for residential use. The business saw steady growth through 2006. Do-Green had established a lucrative business niche for itself. New Opportunities At the same time that Do-Green was establishing itself, Canadian’s saw the expansion of big box home improvement retailers and the proliferation of the “do-it-yourself” craze. In 2008 Taylor Douglas approached several home improvement retailers and in 2009 Do-Green signed a supply agreement with a big box home improvement retailer to stock their products in 25 stores across Ontario. People could now purchase and install their own residential solar power systems and Do-Green’s business profile evolved into that of a manufacturer/distributor. To meet the increased production demands Do-Green acquired a local mid-size manufacturing facility. For the next two years Do-Green settled into its new business model as installer, manufacturer and retail distributor of solar power systems for residential use. Do-Green Becomes Leaner and Looks to New Markets Not one to rest on past successes, Taylor began to look at ways to grow the business. It was now 2011. The Canadian dollar was at par with the U.S. dollar and Taylor wanted to break into the U.S. market. To do that additional capacity needed to be purchased or Do-Green needed to find ways to run their operation more effectively and efficiently. Taylor decided to look within the company for capacity improvement opportunities. Do-Green increased their capacity through several initiatives. They invested in an ERP system which allowed then to increase productivity and fully integrate the ordering and procurement process. Supply chain visibility increased. Do-Green could now receive replenishment orders from retailers directly into their system. This enabled them to reduce raw material, work in process and finished goods inventories by a combined 20%. Do-Green also implemented lean process integration throughout their operation. This accounted for an additional 15% increase in production capacity. Once fully implemented these initiatives accounted additional capacity of 30%. Delivery times were reduced from three days to one. With the newly found capacity Taylor approached the U.S. affiliate of the Canadian home improvement retailer. In 2012 Do-Green signed a contract to supply 30 U.S. based stores throughout the North East states. For the next several years Do-Green established themselves as a major stakeholder in the residential solar power industry. The Canadian Dollar Loses Value In 2014 the Canadian dollar began to lose value against the U.S. dollar. Taylor and the Do-Green management team looked to further streamline their manufacturing and distribution network. Profits began to shrink as the devalued Canadian dollar began to become a real issue for Do-Green shareholders. However, even with the exchange rate being what it was, the company remained strong and profits were steady. Do-Green Goes Green With consistent demand and a reliable and robust supply/distribution system in place in both Canada and the U.S. Taylor began to focus on sustainability issues within the supply chain. Much of the dunnage and packaging Do-Green used to ship their product to retail distributors could be reused. Taylor began to develop a reverse supply chain where packaging and dunnage was returned to the Do-Green manufacturing facility to be used again. This initiative helped to further Do-Greens reputation of being a sustainable and environmentally conscious organization. Cost savings were also realized through the reverse supply chain program which helped offset the ongoing disparity between the Canadian and U.S. dollar. The New Frontier As Taylor Douglas pondered the new strategic direction of Do-Green, Taylor knew the exact date that Do-Green’s future was in jeopardy. On November 30, 2018 the (CUSMA) Canada United States Mexico agreement was signed. This new trade agreement took the place of the long standing NAFTA trade agreement. Under the CUSMA agreement Do-Green now faced higher tariffs to export into the U.S. This combined with an even weaker Canadian dollar meant that Do-Green had to change direction. The U.S. market was no longer viable. Taylor and the Do-Green management team knew there were market entry opportunities offshore. With 1.4 billion people and 18% of the world’s population, China was the obvious choice. Do-Green had to develop a new international supply strategy if they wanted to do business in China. Issues and Concerns Concerns regarding exporting to China were many. Taylor knew there would be logistical issues. Currently trucks left their facility and delivered directly to retail stores in both Canada and the U.S. International supply chains required multi-tiered distribution systems. There would be currency issues to consider as well as the potential for theft of products, product design and company intelligence. ERP and technology compatibility with Chinese distribution partners was of concern. Do-Green’s operational concept of being a lean organization would be taxed. The longer the supply chain the more inventory investment was required. With a longer more diverse supply chain Taylor knew that risk would increase, supply chain visibility would decrease and overall control reduced. As a green company Do-Green would incur added cost to retain its circular supply chain. Taylor knew that reclaiming packaging from China posed significant logistical and cost considerations. Among other things to consider there was the risk of natural disasters, terrorism and labour disputes potentially disrupting the supply chain. Where to go From Here Taylor and the Do-Green management team had some significant strategic planning issues to consider. They understood supply chain trends were heading toward more diverse and complex systems in the delivery of products and services worldwide. They realized that they needed to resolve a significant number of issues if Do-Green wanted to compete in the global supply chain.

1. Name and explain at least three risks the company faces and what dimensions of supply chain risk these fall under.

The U.S. economy is mired in the worst economic downturn since the Great Recession of 2008/2009. The decline in U.S. GDP in the first three months of this year was nearly the equal of that during the Great Recession. Real output is expected to fall by six times as much in the second quarter of 2020. The Federal Reserve Board pledged to provide the liquidity needed to prop up the failing economy. The Fed has bought treasury bills and mortgage-backed securities in large lots. And many economists supported the Fed’s actions.

Q: Both Keynesian economists and classical economists who place their emphasis on the supply-side of the economy are far more doubtful that the Fed’s actions would effectively bring an end to the current economic crisis. Explain and illustrate why these Keynesian economists believed that the Fed’s actions by themselves are likely to be ineffective (again using a money market diagram, an investment schedule and an IS/LM diagram). Then explain and illustrate why classical economists who put their emphasis on the supply-side of the economy also expected that the Fed’s action would be ineffective and are already voicing their concerns about the possible return of inflation.

Finally explain and illustrate what these two sets of critics (classical supply-siders and Keynesians) would do differently or in addition to the Fed’s actions.

Near the end of 2019, the management of Dimsdale Sports Co., a merchandising company, prepared the following estimated balance sheet for December 31, 2019.

To prepare a master budget for January, February, and March of 2020, management gathers the following information.

1. The company’s single product is purchased for $20 per unit and resold for $57 per unit. The expected inventory level of 5,500 units on December 31, 2019, is more than management’s desired level, which is 20% of the next month’s expected sales (in units). Expected sales are January, 6,750 units; February, 9,500 units; March, 11,250 units; and April, 9,000 units.
2. Cash sales and credit sales represent 25% and 75%, respectively, of total sales. Of the credit sales, 59% is collected in the first month after the month of sale and 41% in the second month after the month of sale. For the December 31, 2019, accounts receivable balance, $125,000 is collected in January 2020 and the remaining $395,000 is collected in February 2020.
3. Merchandise purchases are paid for as follows: 20% in the first month after the month of purchase and 80% in the second month after the month of purchase. For the December 31, 2019, accounts payable balance, $70,000 is paid in January 2020 and the remaining $300,000 is paid in February 2020.
4. Sales commissions equal to 20% of sales are paid each month. Sales salaries (excluding commissions) are $54,000 per year.
5. General and administrative salaries are $144,000 per year. Maintenance expense equals $1,900 per month and is paid in cash.
6. Equipment reported in the December 31, 2019, balance sheet was purchased in January 2019. It is being depreciated over eight years under the straight-line method with no salvage value. The following amounts for new equipment purchases are planned in the coming quarter: January, $38,400; February, $96,000; and March, $28,800. This equipment will be depreciated under the straight-line method over eight years with no salvage value. A full month’s depreciation is taken for the month in which equipment is purchased.
7. The company plans to buy land at the end of March at a cost of $180,000, which will be paid with cash on the last day of the month.
8. The company has a working arrangement with its bank to obtain additional loans as needed. The interest rate is 12% per year, and interest is paid at each month-end based on the beginning balance. Partial or full payments on these loans can be made on the last day of the month. The company has agreed to maintain a minimum ending cash balance of $35,000 at the end of each month.
9. The income tax rate for the company is 41%. Income taxes on the first quarter’s income will not be paid until April 15.

Required:
Prepare a master budget for each of the first three months of 2020; include the following component budgets.

1. Monthly sales budgets.
2. Monthly merchandise purchases budgets.
3. Monthly selling expense budgets.
4. Monthly general and administrative expense budgets.
5. Monthly capital expenditures budgets.
6. Monthly cash budgets.
7. Budgeted income statement for the entire first quarter (not for each month).
8. Budgeted balance sheet as of March 31, 2020.

Near the end of 2019, the management of Dimsdale Sports Co., a merchandising company, prepared the following estimated balance sheet for December 31, 2019.

To prepare a master budget for January, February, and March of 2020, management gathers the following information.

1. The company’s single product is purchased for $20 per unit and resold for $57 per unit. The expected inventory level of 5,500 units on December 31, 2019, is more than management’s desired level, which is 20% of the next month’s expected sales (in units). Expected sales are January, 6,750 units; February, 9,500 units; March, 11,250 units; and April, 9,000 units.
2. Cash sales and credit sales represent 25% and 75%, respectively, of total sales. Of the credit sales, 59% is collected in the first month after the month of sale and 41% in the second month after the month of sale. For the December 31, 2019, accounts receivable balance, $125,000 is collected in January 2020 and the remaining $395,000 is collected in February 2020.
3. Merchandise purchases are paid for as follows: 20% in the first month after the month of purchase and 80% in the second month after the month of purchase. For the December 31, 2019, accounts payable balance, $70,000 is paid in January 2020 and the remaining $300,000 is paid in February 2020.
4. Sales commissions equal to 20% of sales are paid each month. Sales salaries (excluding commissions) are $54,000 per year.
5. General and administrative salaries are $144,000 per year. Maintenance expense equals $1,900 per month and is paid in cash.
6. Equipment reported in the December 31, 2019, balance sheet was purchased in January 2019. It is being depreciated over eight years under the straight-line method with no salvage value. The following amounts for new equipment purchases are planned in the coming quarter: January, $38,400; February, $96,000; and March, $28,800. This equipment will be depreciated under the straight-line method over eight years with no salvage value. A full month’s depreciation is taken for the month in which equipment is purchased.
7. The company plans to buy land at the end of March at a cost of $180,000, which will be paid with cash on the last day of the month.
8. The company has a working arrangement with its bank to obtain additional loans as needed. The interest rate is 12% per year, and interest is paid at each month-end based on the beginning balance. Partial or full payments on these loans can be made on the last day of the month. The company has agreed to maintain a minimum ending cash balance of $35,000 at the end of each month.
9. The income tax rate for the company is 41%. Income taxes on the first quarter’s income will not be paid until April 15.

Required:
Prepare a master budget for each of the first three months of 2020; include the following component budgets.

1. Monthly sales budgets.
2. Monthly merchandise purchases budgets.
3. Monthly selling expense budgets.
4. Monthly general and administrative expense budgets.
5. Monthly capital expenditures budgets.
6. Monthly cash budgets.
7. Budgeted income statement for the entire first quarter (not for each month).
8. Budgeted balance sheet as of March 31, 2020.

Problem 07-8AA Merchandising: Preparation of a complete master budget LO P4

Near the end of 2019, the management of Dimsdale Sports Co., a merchandising company, prepared the following estimated balance sheet for December 31, 2019.

To prepare a master budget for January, February, and March of 2020, management gathers the following information.

1. The company’s single product is purchased for $20 per unit and resold for $57 per unit. The expected inventory level of 5,000 units on December 31, 2019, is more than management’s desired level, which is 20% of the next month’s expected sales (in units). Expected sales are January, 6,500 units; February, 9,250 units; March, 11,500 units; and April, 10,500 units.
2. Cash sales and credit sales represent 25% and 75%, respectively, of total sales. Of the credit sales, 57% is collected in the first month after the month of sale and 43% in the second month after the month of sale. For the December 31, 2019, accounts receivable balance, $125,000 is collected in January 2020 and the remaining $395,000 is collected in February 2020.
3. Merchandise purchases are paid for as follows: 20% in the first month after the month of purchase and 80% in the second month after the month of purchase. For the December 31, 2019, accounts payable balance, $65,000 is paid in January 2020 and the remaining $295,000 is paid in February 2020.
4. Sales commissions equal to 20% of sales are paid each month. Sales salaries (excluding commissions) are $60,000 per year.
5. General and administrative salaries are $144,000 per year. Maintenance expense equals $2,000 per month and is paid in cash.
6. Equipment reported in the December 31, 2019, balance sheet was purchased in January 2019. It is being depreciated over eight years under the straight-line method with no salvage value. The following amounts for new equipment purchases are planned in the coming quarter: January, $38,400; February, $91,200; and March, $24,000. This equipment will be depreciated under the straight-line method over eight years with no salvage value. A full month’s depreciation is taken for the month in which equipment is purchased.
7. The company plans to buy land at the end of March at a cost of $180,000, which will be paid with cash on the last day of the month.
8. The company has a working arrangement with its bank to obtain additional loans as needed. The interest rate is 12% per year, and interest is paid at each month-end based on the beginning balance. Partial or full payments on these loans can be made on the last day of the month. The company has agreed to maintain a minimum ending cash balance of $42,000 at the end of each month.
9. The income tax rate for the company is 43%. Income taxes on the first quarter’s income will not be paid until April 15.

Required:
Prepare a master budget for each of the first three months of 2020; include the following component budgets.

6. Monthly cash budgets.
7. Budgeted income statement for the entire first quarter (not for each month).
8. Budgeted balance sheet as of March 31, 2020.

Near the end of 2019, the management of Dimsdale Sports Co., a merchandising company, prepared the following estimated balance sheet for December 31, 2019.

To prepare a master budget for January, February, and March of 2020, management gathers the following information.

1. The company’s single product is purchased for $30 per unit and resold for $59 per unit. The expected inventory level of 4,750 units on December 31, 2019, is more than management’s desired level, which is 20% of the next month’s expected sales (in units). Expected sales are January, 6,750 units; February, 8,750 units; March, 10,750 units; and April, 10,000 units.
2. Cash sales and credit sales represent 20% and 80%, respectively, of total sales. Of the credit sales, 61% is collected in the first month after the month of sale and 39% in the second month after the month of sale. For the December 31, 2019, accounts receivable balance, $125,000 is collected in January 2020 and the remaining $395,000 is collected in February 2020.
3. Merchandise purchases are paid for as follows: 20% in the first month after the month of purchase and 80% in the second month after the month of purchase. For the December 31, 2019, accounts payable balance, $65,000 is paid in January 2020 and the remaining $285,000 is paid in February 2020.
4. Sales commissions equal to 20% of sales are paid each month. Sales salaries (excluding commissions) are $66,000 per year.
5. General and administrative salaries are $156,000 per year. Maintenance expense equals $1,900 per month and is paid in cash.
6. Equipment reported in the December 31, 2019, balance sheet was purchased in January 2019. It is being depreciated over eight years under the straight-line method with no salvage value. The following amounts for new equipment purchases are planned in the coming quarter: January, $40,800; February, $91,200; and March, $28,800. This equipment will be depreciated under the straight-line method over eight years with no salvage value. A full month’s depreciation is taken for the month in which equipment is purchased.
7. The company plans to buy land at the end of March at a cost of $165,000, which will be paid with cash on the last day of the month.
8. The company has a working arrangement with its bank to obtain additional loans as needed. The interest rate is 12% per year, and interest is paid at each month-end based on the beginning balance. Partial or full payments on these loans can be made on the last day of the month. The company has agreed to maintain a minimum ending cash balance of $16,000 at the end of each month.
9. The income tax rate for the company is 39%. Income taxes on the first quarter’s income will not be paid until April 15.

Required:
Prepare a master budget for each of the first three months of 2020; include the following component budgets.

1. Monthly sales budgets.
2. Monthly merchandise purchases budgets.
3. Monthly selling expense budgets.
4. Monthly general and administrative expense budgets.
5. Monthly capital expenditures budgets.
6. Monthly cash budgets.
7. Budgeted income statement for the entire first quarter (not for each month).
8. Budgeted balance sheet as of March 31, 2020.

THIS ENTIRE THING IS ONE EXERCISE, PLEASE ANSWER ALL PARTS:

Near the end of 2019, the management of Dimsdale Sports Co., a merchandising company, prepared the following estimated balance sheet for December 31, 2019.

To prepare a master budget for January, February, and March of 2020, management gathers the following information.

1. The company’s single product is purchased for $30 per unit and resold for $59 per unit. The expected inventory level of 4,750 units on December 31, 2019, is more than management’s desired level, which is 20% of the next month’s expected sales (in units). Expected sales are January, 7,500 units; February, 8,500 units; March, 10,750 units; and April, 10,000 units.
2. Cash sales and credit sales represent 20% and 80%, respectively, of total sales. Of the credit sales, 59% is collected in the first month after the month of sale and 41% in the second month after the month of sale. For the December 31, 2019, accounts receivable balance, $125,000 is collected in January 2020 and the remaining $395,000 is collected in February 2020.
3. Merchandise purchases are paid for as follows: 20% in the first month after the month of purchase and 80% in the second month after the month of purchase. For the December 31, 2019, accounts payable balance, $70,000 is paid in January 2020 and the remaining $290,000 is paid in February 2020.
4. Sales commissions equal to 20% of sales are paid each month. Sales salaries (excluding commissions) are $48,000 per year.
5. General and administrative salaries are $132,000 per year. Maintenance expense equals $2,200 per month and is paid in cash.
6. Equipment reported in the December 31, 2019, balance sheet was purchased in January 2019. It is being depreciated over eight years under the straight-line method with no salvage value. The following amounts for new equipment purchases are planned in the coming quarter: January, $38,400; February, $98,400; and March, $21,600. This equipment will be depreciated under the straight-line method over eight years with no salvage value. A full month’s depreciation is taken for the month in which equipment is purchased.
7. The company plans to buy land at the end of March at a cost of $165,000, which will be paid with cash on the last day of the month.
8. The company has a working arrangement with its bank to obtain additional loans as needed. The interest rate is 12% per year, and interest is paid at each month-end based on the beginning balance. Partial or full payments on these loans can be made on the last day of the month. The company has agreed to maintain a minimum ending cash balance of $17,000 at the end of each month.
9. The income tax rate for the company is 41%. Income taxes on the first quarter’s income will not be paid until April 15.

Required:
Prepare a master budget for each of the first three months of 2020; include the following component budgets.

1. Monthly sales budgets.
2. Monthly merchandise purchases budgets.
3. Monthly selling expense budgets.
4. Monthly general and administrative expense budgets.
5. Monthly capital expenditures budgets.
6. Monthly cash budgets.
7. Budgeted income statement for the entire first quarter (not for each month).
8. Budgeted balance sheet as of March 31, 2020.

Corona Corp. is a multi-product beverage company. Presented below is information concerning one of its products, COVID-20 spritz for 2020:

The company made all purchases on account. By the end of the year, it has not paid for the 11/8 purchases.

The company has a perpetual inventory system and elected to use the average cost method to calculate its inventory.

Additional information is as follows:

1. Physical count of the goods at the end of 2020 indicated $25,000 was actually on hand.
2. Consignment goods of $1,000 from Bud Light Corporation, the consignor, were included in the physical count of Corona Corp. at the end of 2020 and in accounts payable at December 31, 2020.   
3. Wine spritzers costing $11,000 were purchased by a customer f.o.b. shipping point on December 31, 2020. The sales price was at $17,000 and the customer paid in cash. However, the goods were still included in the physical count at the end of 2020 because the inventory were sitting at the loading dock waiting to be shipped due to social distancing requirements. No journal entry related to this transaction has been recorded so far.
4. Inventory returned by customer amounted to a cost of $7,500. This inventory was held for inspection and were excluded from the physical count at year-end. On January 10, 2021, the inventory was inspected and was returned to the warehouse where inventory is kept. Credit memos totaling $12,000 were issued to the customer on the same date.
5. Goods shipped to customer f.o.b. destination on December 28, 2020 were still in transit at December 31 and had a cost of $12,000. Upon notification of receipt by customer on January 5, 2021, Corona Corp. recorded the sales for $22,000. No journal entry has been recorded so far.
6. New purchases were in transit from a vendor to Corona Corp. on December 31 for 1,000 units at a unit price of $24. The goods were shipped f.o.b. shipping point on December 28, 2020. No journal entry has been recorded so far.
7. In January 2021, it was discovered that an invoice covering purchases of $15,000 related to the November purchases was entered twice in the accounting periods.

Required:

1. Fill in the schedule of adjustments below. You must first determine the initial ending inventory, sales and accounts payable for Corona Corp. Then for each of the seven transactions, show the effect, if any, separately. If the transactions have no effect on the amount shown, state NONE.

2. Briefly, explain each adjustment made above

Featherbed Surf & Leisure Holidays Ltd. is a resort company based on Vancouver Island. Its operations include boating, surfing, diving, and other leisure activities; a backpackers’ hostel; a family hotel; and a five-star resort. Justin and Sarah Morris own the majority of the shares in the Morris Group, which controls Featherbed. Justin is the chair of the board of directors of both Featherbed and the Morris Group, and Sarah is a director of both companies as well as the CFO of Featherbed.

In February 2020, Justin Morris approached your audit firm, KFP Partners, to carry out the Featherbed audit for the year ended June 30, 2020. Featherbed has not been audited before but this year the audit has been requested by the company’s bank and a new private equity investor group that has just acquired a 20-percent share of Featherbed.

Featherbed employs 30 full-time staff. These workers are employed in administration, accounting, catering, cleaning, and hotel/restaurant duties. During peak periods, Featherbed also uses part-time and casual workers. These workers tend to be travellers visiting the West Coast who are looking for short- term employment to help pay their traveling expenses.

Justin and Sarah have a fairly laid-back management style. They trust their workers to work hard for the company and they reward them well. The accounting staff, in particular, are very loyal to the company. Justin tells you that some accounting staff enjoy their jobs so much they have never taken any holidays, and hardly any workers ever take sick leave.

There are three people currently employed as the accountants, the most senior of whom is Peter Pinn. Peter heads the accounting department and reports directly to Sarah. He is in his fifties and plans to retire in two or three years. Peter prides himself on his ability to delegate most of his work to his two accounting staff, Kristen and Julie. He claims he has to do this because he is very busy developing a policy and procedures manual for the accounting department. This delegated work includes opening mail, processing payments and receipts, banking funds received, performing reconciliations, posting journals, and performing the payroll function. Julie is a recently graduated Chartered Professional Accountant. Kristen works part-time—coming into the office on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. Kristen is responsible for posting all journal entries into the accounting system and the payroll function. Julie does the balance of the work, but they often help each other out in busy periods.

Required

Using the factors in the above scenario, assess audit risk.

Now let's say you hire the former employee of your competitor (without having had that conversation about the laptop or the other proposal) and one day, the new hire dumps a stack of paper on your desk with no explanation. It turns out to be the competitor's proposal. What do you do and why?