1. CANADA = Balance of Payment. Table and chart together with brief description preferred.

1) Find the most recent year BOP statistics:

Current account:

Goods import, export and balance,

Service import, export, and balance,

Total current account balance.

1. 2. Capital account balance and financial account balance.
   3. Official Reserves.
2. The most recent 10-year BOP situation on: (10 points)

Current account and,

Combined current, capital account and financial account.

1. COLOMBIA. Balance of Payment. Table and chart together with brief description preferred. Do NOT copy and paste. (30 points)

1) Find the most recent year BOP statistics: (20 points)

1. Current account:

Goods import, export and balance,

Service import, export, and balance,

Total current account balance.

1. 2. Capital account balance and financial account balance.
   3. Official Reserves.
2. The most recent 10-year BOP situation on: (10 points)

Current account and,

Combined current, capital account and financial account.

need sources

Applying and Analyzing Inventory Costing Methods
At the beginning of the current period, Chen carried 1,000 units of its product with a unit cost of $15. A summary of purchases during the current period follows. During the period, Chen sold 2,800 units.

(a) Assume that Chen uses the first-in, first-out method. Compute both cost of good sold for the current period and the ending inventory balance. Use the financial statement effects template to record cost of goods sold for the period.
Ending inventory balance $Answer
Cost of goods sold              $Answer

Use negative signs with answers, when appropriate.

(b) Assume that Chen uses the last-in, first-out method. Compute both cost of good sold for the current period and the ending inventory balance.
Ending inventory balance $Answer
Cost of goods sold              $Answer

(c) Assume that Chen uses the average cost method. Compute both cost of good sold for the current period and the ending inventory balance. (Hint: Round average cost per unit two decimal places prior to calculating the Ending inventory balance. Calculate the Cost of Goods Sold (CGS) as: (CGS = Cost of goods available for sale - Ending inventory balance.)
Ending inventory balance $Answer
Cost of goods sold              $Answer

(d) Which of these three inventory costing methods would you choose to:

On June 1, Vandervelde Corporation (a U.S.–based manufacturing firm) received an order to sell goods to a foreign customer at a price of 100,000 leks. Vandervelde will ship the goods and receive payment in three months on September 1. On June 1, Vandervelde purchased an option to sell 100,000 leks in three months at a strike price of $1.00. It properly designated the option as a fair value hedge of a foreign currency firm commitment. The fair value of the firm commitment is measured by referring to changes in the spot rate. Relevant exchange rates and option premiums for the lek are as follows:

Vandervelde’s incremental borrowing rate is 12 percent. The present value factor for two months at an annual interest rate of 12 percent (1 percent per month) is 0.9803. Vandervelde Corporation must close its books and prepare its second-quarter financial statements on June 30.

a. Prepare journal entries for the foreign currency option and firm commitment.

b. What is the impact on net income over the two accounting periods?

c. What is the net cash inflow resulting from the sale of goods to the foreign customer?

QUESTION 1

1. If both prices and production are rising throughout the economy, then:

   	A.	Real GDP rises faster than Nominal GDP.
   	B.	Real GDP rises slower than Nominal GDP.
   	C.	Real GDP rises at the same rate as Nominal GDP.
   	D.	Real GDP falls at a slower rate than Nominal GDP.

1 points   

QUESTION 2

1. The CPI underestimates the inflation rate because:

   	A.	it excludes imported goods.
   	B.	it is derived by dividing NDGP by RGDP.
   	C.	it is subject to a substitution bias.
   	D.	it fails to consider the consumption patterns of the typical metropolitan consumer.

1 points   

QUESTION 3

1. If inflation changed from 5% to 4%:

   	A.	the economy would be experiencing falling prices.
   	B.	the economy would be experiencing rising prices.
   	C.	the economy would be experiencing deflation.
   	D.	the economy would be experiencing stagflation.

1 points   

QUESTION 4

1. The AD curve is downwards sloping because of:

   	A.	the income and substitution effects.
   	B.	the increase in real income that arises when price falls.
   	C.	the real balance effect, the intertemporal substitution effect and the international substitution effect.
   	D.	the positive consequences of deflation for debt holders.

Question 4: Why some governments resort to price ceiling and price floor for some goods and services? Describe three most important disadvantages of price ceiling and price floor? In what conditions do you think that price ceiling and price floor may contribute to welfare of people?

Question 4: Why some governments resort to price ceiling and price floor for some goods and services? Describe three most important disadvantages of price ceiling and price floor? In what conditions do you think that price ceiling and price floor may contribute to welfare of people?

Consider the following time series:

Use a multiple linear regression model with dummy variables as follows to develop an equation to account for seasonal effects in the data: Qtr₁ = 1 if quarter 1, 0 otherwise; Qtr₂ = 1 if quarter 2, 0 otherwise; Qtr₃ = 1 if quarter 3, 0 otherwise. For subtractive or negative numbers use a minus sign even if there is a + sign before the blank. (Example: -300)

Acme Co. has projected the following sales for 2019: Q1 = $870 Q2 = $920 Q3 = $850 Q4 = $950 Sales for each quarter in 2020 are projected to be 20 percent greater than the previous quarter (ie. Q1 2020 is projected to be 20% higher than Q4 2019). Calculate expected payments to suppliers in each quarter for 2019, assuming: 1) Acme places orders during each quarter equal to 40 percent of projected sales for the next quarter. For example, if Q1 2020 sales are expected to be $1140, then purchases in Q4 of 2019 would be estimated to be $1140 x 0.4 = $456 2) Acme's average days of payables is 90 days.

Q1 payments =

Q2 payments =

Q3 payments =

Q4 payments =

Frightened by the recession and the credit crisis that produced it, the nation’s mainstream economists are embracing public spending to repair the damage — even those who have long resisted a significant government role in a market system.

But there is not much agreement yet on what type of spending would produce the best results, or what mix of spending and tax cuts.

“We have spent so many years thinking that discretionary fiscal policy was a bad idea, that we have not figured out the right things to do to cure a recession that is scaring all of us,” said Alan J. Auerbach, an economist at the University of California, Berkeley, referring to the mix of public spending and tax cuts known as fiscal policy.

Hundreds of economists who gathered here for the annual meeting of the American Economic Association seemed to acknowledge that a profound shift had occurred

At their last annual meeting, ideas about using public spending as a way to get out of a recession or about government taking a role to enhance a market system were relegated to progressives. The mainstream was skeptical or downright hostile to such suggestions. This time, virtually everyone voiced their support, returning to a way of thinking that had gone out of fashion in the 1970s.

“The new enthusiasm for fiscal stimulus, and particularly government spending, represents a huge evolution in mainstream thinking,” said Janet Yellen, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. She added that the shift was likely to last for as long as the profession is dominated by men and women living through this downturn.

The few sessions that dealt with fiscal policy were packed with economists, mostly from academia. Nearly all argued that public spending can be more effective than tax cuts in getting out of a bad recession. Still, they said the present crisis required, as a tonic, a mix of the two, and they debated what that mix should be, just as President-elect Obama’s transition team is now doing.

Their proposals were all over the lot. But at the formal sessions and in more than a dozen interviews, many said that once the recession ended, the nation should not go back to the system that held sway from Ronald Reagan’s election in 1980 to the present crisis. It was one in which taxes, regulation and public spending were minimized.

For Peter Gottschalk, a labor economist at Boston College, who earned his Ph.D. in 1973, the transition has not been easy. Keynesian economics, with its emphasis on a government role in the marketplace, was losing its grip when he started his career. Indeed, the present upheaval has been outside the theoretical boundaries of mainstream economics as practiced for a generation by most of the nation’s economists.

“Our models are built on the assumption that on average people behave rationally and they do the right thing,” Mr. Gottschalk said, “but this time people did very much the wrong thing. It’s like thinking you have a disease under control and then being hit with a new strain of it.”

Since the 1970s, the Federal Reserve has dealt with recessions by lowering interest rates, thus reviving demand by making it less expensive to borrow and to spend. But this time, the credit system is broken, and those who can borrow at relatively low rates are reluctant to spend. That shifts the burden of lifting the economy to fiscal policy, namely the $600 billion to $800 billion mix of tax cuts and spending that the Obama administration and Congress are likely to agree on early this year.

Nearly every economist who spoke here agreed that a dollar invested in, say, a new transit system or in bridge repair is spent and respent more efficiently than a dollar that comes to a household in a tax cut. A bigger percentage of the latter is saved, they said. There was concern, however, that the nation lacked enough “shovel ready” projects that could be ramped up quickly, generating jobs.

What is more, the economists did not agree on the best projects to pursue. As Mr. Auerbach pointed out, after a generation of ignoring public spending in their research, the nation’s mainstream economists lacked the expertise to help guide the process. “We have not figured out the right course of action,” he said.

There were plenty of proposals at the three-day convention. Some argued for a big investment in broadband. Others proposed recruiting young people for two-year stints weather-stripping and upgrading privately owned and public buildings. Still others argued that government should step up subsidies for basic research and product innovation

And Daniel J. B. Mitchell, a professor emeritus at the University of California, Los Angeles, proposed that Washington channel money to cities with the proviso that they purchase municipal buses from General Motors, which makes them, or yellow school buses. The Ford Motor Company manufactures the school bus chassis.

“That is a better fiscal stimulus than to bail out the auto companies,” Mr. Mitchell said.

No one illustrated the conversion to fiscal stimulus more vividly than Martin Feldstein, a Harvard economist and a well-known conservative who served for a time as a top economic adviser to President Reagan. In a paper, Mr. Feldstein noted that the usual method of reviving the economy — lower interest rates — was failing to work because of “a dysfunctional credit market.”

That left fiscal stimulus to offset what he described as a decline of $400 billion a year in consumer spending. “While good tax policy can contribute to ending the recession, the heavy lifting will have to be done by increased government spending,” Mr. Feldstein said.

He pushed for big spending, carried out quickly. Among his proposals: replace depleted military supplies and equipment and step up financing for “useful research.” He also said that the shortage of “shovel ready” projects should not be a deterrent in a recession that is likely to last long enough to plan and execute new projects.

“It is of course possible that the planned surge in government spending will fail,” Mr. Feldstein said. But he expressed the “hope that the new program of fiscal spending in combination with mortgage market reforms will be sufficient to return the economy to full employment.”

I need answers for Questions 2-4 please:

Read the article: Economists Warm to Government Spending but Debate Its Form (see above.) and then answer the questions below.

Question 1 Explain what is meant by the multiplier principle

Question 2 Explain the reasons why there has been a shift in the thinking of many leading economists about the merits of fiscal policy.

Question 3 Using aggregate supply and demand diagrams, examine the factors that determine the size of the multiplier effect following an increase in government spending.

Question 4 Assess whether an increase in government spending and taxation by equivalent amounts will leave national income unchanged?