Write an Argument Essay. Prompt: Choose ONE of the following topics for your essay:

1. Should parents be held responsible for the crimes of their children?

2. Should academic achievement be a primary concern for college admission?

3. Should You Tube comments be regulated?

You must choose one the essay options that I have provided for this assignment. If you submit an essay that does not respond to one of the prompts, your essay will not be accepted as an appropriate response to this writing assignment; instead, you will be asked to write another essay that does respond to the prompt you were assigned. Please note: The required word length for the final draft of this essay is 500-750 words. To successfully complete your persuasive essay assignment, you must incorporate at least two sources (either credible online sources or library resources) within your work to support and advance your claims . DO NOT USE WIKIPEDIA.

This semester we have discussed the following statistical analyses.             

Z-test               One-Sample t-test                   Independent Groups t-test                  Repeated Measures t-test

One-Way ANOVA                             Regression                                           Correlation

1. Research shows that people who do well on the SAT tend to do well in college (they have a higher GPA). Likewise, students who do not do well on the SAT struggle in college (they have a lower GPA). This information is used by college admissions officials to determine if a student should be admitted or not.                                                                                                                                                                            5 points

Which of the statistical analyses described above was used to make a determination about your success as a student at WSU? Be specific.

2. Researchers are interested in the relationship between height and academic achievement. To do so, they want to investigate the relationship between GPA and height in inches.

Which of the tests indicated above should be used and why?

Which one is Correlation and which one is Regression? Why?

According to the doctrine of "respondeat superior" (or, "let the master answer for the servant") and employee engaged in activities that further the employer's interest is considered to be the agent of the employer. Therefore, the employer (the principal under agency law) is liable for the negligence of employees. Consider the following hypothetical occurrence: Martha is a tax return preparer at Acme Tax Service. Jeremy, the owner of the business, asks Martha to make a trip to the post office to replenish the office's supply of stamps, which are running very low. On the way to the post office, Martha becomes distracted by a text on her mobile phone and fails to stop at a red light, striking Buford who is in the pedestrian crosswalk. In a few paragraphs of academic-quality writing, respond to the following compound question: Is it right that Acme, and by extension Jeremy, should be liable for paying for the damages caused by Martha's negligence; why is this the policy imposed by the law; and, what principle of justice, ethics, or morality are embodied in this policy?

Charles and Joan Thompson file a joint return. In 2017, they had taxable income of $92,370 and paid tax of $14,571. Charles is an advertising executive, and Joan is a college professor. During the fall 2018 semester, Joan is planning to take a leave of absence without pay. The Thompsons expect their taxable income to drop to $70,000 in 2018. They expect their 2018 tax liability will be $8,022, which will be the approximate amount of their withholding. Joan anticipates that she will work on academic research during the fall semester.

During September, Joan decides to perform consulting services for some local businesses. Charles and Joan had not anticipated this development. Joan is paid a total of $35,000 during October, November, and December for her work. Use the appropriate Tax Rate Schedules.

a. What estimated tax payments are Charles and Joan required to make, if any, for tax year 2018? (Round your final answer to 2 decimal places.)

Assignment Instructions and Approach:

1. Login to Saudi Digital Library (SDL).
2. Click on “Open Access” The search engine page will open
3. In search engine of SDL write the following title as keyword and click search button.

“PKC Laundries: a start-up business at the crossroads”

4. Open the research article, read it thoroughly and answer the assignment questions.
5. Besides this research paper use other relevant material also to support your answers.
6. Support your submission with further scientific references.
7. Use Saudi Electronic University academic writing standards and APA style guidelines

Assignment Questions:

1. Critically analyze the Problems faced by the young entrepreneurs and strategies to overcome those problems. (Marks 2)
2. Discuss the challenges of PKC as an aggregator business and the scope of what PKC can do in the future to strengthen its position. (Marks 2)
3. Discuss the various marketing management issues such as segmenting, targeting and positioning? (Marks 1)

Select a company or organization whose fairness or ethics is currently being scrutinized in the news or in social media. Provide enough background information about your selected company to convey its size and prominence in society, and then explain in detail the alleged fairness and ethics violations. Conclude your paper by choosing to support the allegations or refute them, and explain your reasoning based on what you have learned. In your discussion, be sure to include the information below.

• Summarize the concept of fairness as it relates to decisions.
• Explain how personal and business ethics can be subconsciously overridden in decision-making. Does your selected business exemplify this?
• Describe how the company could improve its image regarding fairness and ethics in decision-making.

Your paper must be a minimum of three pages in length, and it should contain at least two academic references (one maybe the textbook). Please use APA formatting and citations.

Breadmaking 101: pricing for profits Journal of Critical Incidents "Cost and prices, time for the numbers. What should I do?" A few weeks ago Karen Faulkner finalized the purchase of a bakery which specialized in bread. The prior owner had decided to sell the business because it lacked profitability. There were plenty of customers which suggested to Karen that the problem was with costs or pricing. The last price increase on any of the products was in 2002, ten years ago. Karen thought she could turn things around and would start by repricing her products. "This isn't a hobby, it's a business and if I don't get this right, there won't be a store." Karen was overwhelmed, but she decided to start by repricing the signature product--the honey wheat loaf. "I'll start with the honey wheat loaf; it will be a 'pricing beta test'." Notes and numbers were spread out on the table so that Karen could figure out costs and margins. Once she estimated cost, the difficult decision would be to decide on a price. A loaf of honey wheat still sold for $5.25. If the price needed to increase, what was the best price? What price would cover costs and keep customers buying loaves? Was it better to raise prices incrementally or all at once to avoid sticker shock? The Ingredients Karen was a graduate of a local college of business. She put her degree to use in a variety of ventures. Karen had owned a business in the past inspecting homes. She was comfortable owning and running a business and thought a better pricing strategy could turn the bakery around. The bakery was located in a medium-sized community with a stable economy supported by employment at the local university. The bakery was located downtown and served a lunch crowd from the nearby high school and businesses. The building was next to a small plaza where customers could sit outside for lunch. There were also tables at the front of the bakery. The atmosphere was friendly and the scent of baking bread filled the shop. The bread store was well known and liked in the community. It was perceived as selling healthy, high-quality foods; it sold a premium product. Schools visited on field trips and the free samples drew visitors. If asked to describe her customers, Karen said, "I think of them as shoppers like me; aware of quality and willing to pay a little more for something healthy with no preservatives." The Mix Karen knew she had to price the bread based on what the market would pay, but she also knew she needed to make sure the price was high enough to sustain her business. It made sense to her to use a spreadsheet to estimate costs and contribution margins. "Time to do the numbers." Karen decided to estimate the cost of goods sold and contribution margin for both 2002 and 2012. She made a list of the ingredients in her loaf and their costs as of 2002. Honey, wheat, salt, yeast, and water were the bread's ingredients. It seemed simple but it wasn't. One batch of bread that made 48 loaves and required 56 pounds of wheat, 12 pounds of honey, 0.4 pounds of salt and three pounds of yeast. In 2002, honey was $1.32 a pound, salt $4.15 a pound, yeast $1.64 a pound, and wheat was $0.17 a pound. It cost $8.50 an hour for labor. Were there other costs she needed to include: packaging and overhead? Prices had risen significantly for everything except yeast in the ten years between 2002 and 2012. Honey was now $4.02 a pound, salt $7.47 a pound, yeast was $0.98 per pound and wheat was $0.30 per pound. Wages hadn't changed at $8.50 per hour. A batch of bread needed a half hour of labor to mix the batter. While employees needed to be around when the bread rose and baked, employees usually did other work during this time and she decided to allocate only 0.5 hours labor per batch of bread. The variable costs could and did change over time, but their variability made it difficult to forecast their values in the future. Karen wondered how or even if she should somehow incorporate this uncertainty into her calculations and decision. She had seen how commodity prices had changed significantly in just the few weeks since she bought the bakery. Karen did not include fixed costs in her calculation. She had bought the business, not the building so there was monthly rent, not a mortgage. Water wasn't included in the cost structure, but without it there wouldn't be bread. Should part of the water bill be allocated to the loaves? And what about insurance, taxes, and other fixed costs? Were they part of the cost? Business theory stated that fixed costs should not be included in pricing decisions (Stiving, 2010), yet many business allocated fixed costs to product lines in their pricing decisions (Shim & Sudit, 1995). Since Karen had not collected fixed cost information she decided to ignore them and focus on variable costs. And then there was pricing. Covering costs was critical but what would customers be willing to pay? If Karen raised prices how would customers react? Should she increase all at once or a little? Should the price cover costs now or anticipated costs for the next couple of years so the change could be "one and done?" The Rise Pricing seemed like more of an art than a science. What did competitors charge? The loaves on grocery store shelves looked industrial, tasted bland, and shipped by truck from a factory. A grocery store field trip yielded a wide variety of prices and products. Over the last few years, grocery stores started selling artisan and other kinds of loaves that looked like what she was selling in her store. Focusing on honey wheat, Karen found loaves at a couple of stores that looked like her loaves and sold for $5.25 or more a loaf. Those loaves seldom went on sale, but sometimes were put in the day-old section of stores. The difference was the ingredient list. What exactly were some of the ingredients on the label? In the grocery store, the typical bread loaf was something she thought of as factory-made. Those loaves often went on sale. The price was $4.10 for higher quality brands, but they often sold at a discount of $2 a loaf. The texture and taste was inferior to her product, but she knew some customers wouldn't notice the difference and cared more about price. She decided those were not the customers she wanted to target. Convenience and price were their focus. There was another bakery in town, but it made and sold rolls and didn't sell bread. Since it didn't make products similar to her loaves she didn't think she had to worry about competition from it. Karen thought her product was a premium loaf, made by her bakers and sold while it was still oven fresh. Her bread was baked fresh and without preservatives, a quality product. Many customers realized the premium qualities of her bread and often commented on the texture and taste. Her customer base seemed less concerned about price and more concerned about quality. They could see the loaves in the back of the store, talk to the bakers and better yet, smell the scent of freshly baked. In short, customers were willing to pay a premium for a higher quality product. Yet, Karen wondered if they would find alternatives if she raised her price. In a Canadian study the price elasticity for bread was -0.43 (Pomboza & Mbaga, 2007) suggesting that a one percent increase in price would lower demand by 0.43%. While this resulted in fewer loaves sold, it also resulted in higher profits for the store if Karen raised her price. Karen did not have information on whether customers would substitute inferior grocery bread for her higher quality bread if she raised her price. It was simply an unknown. Karen's research convinced her that she had a unique product. Competing on price seemed like a bad idea. But if she baked it and priced it for profits, would they buy? The Loaf Now that Karen had calculated the numbers and had researched her competition it was time to decide on a price. There were many ways to start. She could estimate the mark up from the cost of goods sold and the margin percent based on 2002. Then she could use those percentages along with the 2012 commodity prices to estimate a 2012 price. Or Karen could estimate costs and multiply that number by some multiple like 2X or 3X to determine the price. Some bakeries priced goods this way. Karen wondered, "Would focusing on profit margins be a better strategy?" Even then she struggled with what to do about the volatility of commodity prices. Should a model incorporate that uncertainty and, if so, how? Were there other pricing strategies? Should she use a markup from the competition? What if her numbers showed a big price increase was needed? How would her customers react? Did she need to change the price in stages and test the reaction or would it be better to do it all at once? What about the future? If she was increasing prices anyway, should there be a margin for the possible changes in commodity prices? This was much harder than the homework problems she solved in college while earning her business degree and the stakes were higher. This decision could make or break her business and its future. This was bread making 101. Karen knew the price change was just the beginning. Standing in the store and monitoring sales was important not only to keep the personal connection her customers valued, but also to hear and review in real time how sales changed as the price increased.

Sarah Singleton (born July 1, 1970, and Social Security Number 473-12-1234), who lives at 123 Main Street in Mankato, MN 56001 (Blue Earth County), is single, has 20-20 vision, and has no dependents. She works 40 hours per week at a retail store in Mankato, MN, and generates $40,000 of income. Additionally, $10,000 federal income tax and $7,000 of state of MN income tax were withheld from her wages from this job, as reported on her W-2.

During 2019 Sarah’s mother passed away, and Sarah inherited $50,000 in cash. Additionally, her father gave her $20,000 as a birthday present. Sarah placed the money in Wells Fargo Bank and earned $500 of taxable interest income.

Sarah has the following itemized deductions:

State Property taxes on her home $6,000

State of MN income tax withheld of $7,000 (as indicated above)

Home Morgage interest of $5,000

Interest on her car loan of $1,000

Donation to local church $500

Gambling losses of $5,000, Sarah has no gambling winnings

Answer the following items in your post:

1. What is Sarah's Adjusted Gross Income

2. Identify which items qualify as an itemized deduction on Schedule A for the tax year 2019?

3. What are Sarah's total itemized deductions for the tax year 2019?

JAPANESE CASE STUDY #1

This case study is a composite of actual situations. Marianne, who is American, and Ken Shimizu, who is Japanese, have worked in Tokyo for over 30 years as Methodist missionaries. They have annual furloughs and occasional sabbaticals, during which they visit relatives and sponsoring organizations and engage in continuing education in the United States. They met as college students in the United States, and their three grown children have established their own careers in the United States.

Ken’s 98-year-old mother resides with Marianne and Ken. She is not Christian but has always been extremely supportive of Ken and Marianne’s work. Ken teaches at a large Christian university, whereas Marianne has served in various church-related positions over the years. As missionaries, they live in subsidized post–World War II housing near Ken’s university. Marianne has been a frugal housewife, preparing local foods in the Japanese style for her family.

Ken, who is nearly 60, recently learned that he has glaucoma. By the time it was discovered, he had lost a significant amount of peripheral vision. Although Marianne delivered all three children at a Christian hospital in Tokyo, she gets her annual physical examination when visiting relatives in the United States. She has never believed that the Japanese health system is as proactive as that in the United States. On her most recent visit to the United States, Marianne learned that she has hypertension. Her physician prescribed a medication that is readily available in Japan, but the physician was concerned about the level of stress in Marianne’s life. Mother Shimizu is quite confused and requires considerable care, but it is unthinkable for Ken, the only child, to put his mother in a long-term-care facility. Even if he would, the

quality of facilities in Japan leaves much to be desired. Most of the responsibility for Mother Shimizu falls on Marianne, in addition to her work. Marianne’s relatives are urging her to consider placing Mother Shimizu in a church-related life-care community near Marianne’s family in the United States, where Marianne and Ken would like to retire. Marianne’s own parents lived in this facility at the end of their lives. She is considering these issues as she returns to Tokyo.

1. In what ways might you consider Ken to be countercultural as a Japanese man?

2. What social pressures might Marianne have faced, given some of her choices, as a housewife in Japan?

3. What pressures will Ken likely experience as he considers how to meet the needs of both his mother and his wife?

9. Compare and contrast the fertility and mortality rates of Japan and the United States.

10. Do the traditional Japanese maintain sustained eye contact with strangers? Why or why not?

11. To which drugs might Japanese people have greater sensitivity than that of white ethnic populations?

12. How do most Japanese people meet their need for calcium?

Using your knowledge of the progression and stages of Alzheimer’s disease identify possible safety issues that may arise for persons diagnosed and their family members in the middle, and late stages of the disease.

Please provide your analysis by the end of the day on Weds and your assigned response by the end of the day on Friday.

For your assigned scenario analysis (identified below ) please discuss:

• the main safety issues you identify
• the possible implications of the situation and challenges for the person with dementia in terms of transition points and decisions to be made
• the possible implications for the caregiver(s)/family member(s) in the scenario

Once your group members have provided their responses, for your assigned SCENARIO response (identified below) discuss:

• resources/strategies that you think may be useful to the caregiver and/or person with dementia in this situation
• barriers that may exist that could prevent the use of these resources/strategies

Scenario 1

Your Mom has AD and lives alone. She manages fairly well now you have disabled the stove etc. and you visit each day on your way home from work to prepare her meals and help with medications etc. Then you go home to cook for your husband/wife and three teenagers. However, late at night Mom often thinks someone is trying to break into her house. Understandably she gets very agitated and calls the police – this happens several times a week.

Analysis:

Response:

Scenario 2

Your Dad was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease three years ago and has been doing very well. Your Mom is reluctant to discuss any problems they may be having and says everything is “fine.” One of your Dad’s past co-workers (he retired 10 years ago) has told you that your Dad was sitting in the car in the parking lot of his former work last week and they had to drive him home to your Mom.

Analysis:

Response:

Scenario 3

You live with your spouse who was diagnosed with dementia several years ago. Your adult son lives with you and works second shift and often overtime too. You have help during the day (home care for 3 hours x3/week). However, the nights are becoming difficult as your spouse does not seem to wish to sleep. He gets up and walks around the house and is sometimes disorientated when trying to find the bathroom

Analysis:

Response:

Scenario 4

Your Mom lives 150 miles away and has been becoming increasingly frail and forgetful. She has lived in the same neighbor since she got married and has many close friends. The Pastor from her Church (two block-walk away from her house) called you to say your Mom arrived at Church ready for service but on the wrong day!

Analysis:

Response: