1) Innovation Discuss what is meant by innovation Describe and explain the steps you believe are important when a SBE decides to introduce an innovation. Discuss a current, real life example of a SBE that had introduced an innovation and include the types of issues that they may have experienced. 2) Environmental & Sustainability Explain what is meant by Environmental & Sustainability issues. What is the difference? Discuss some of the current hot topics for each.

Although innovation is vital to giving companies a competitive advantage, it will only be successful if it is measured effectively. I agree that one of the biggest benefits to innovation measurement is that it allows the company to maintain a certain pace with their innovation initiatives. Often times, companies find themselves only innovating when they remember to, resulting in innovation projects being started years apart, or they do the opposite and start too many innovations at once. By measuring innovation initiatives, companies can better understand how many innovative projects they can handle at a time. This helps them better reach their strategic goals by providing a framework for which quantitative milestones need to be achieved and when they need to be accomplished. Do you think there are any advantages for employees when a company utilizes an innovation measurement system?

Manufacturing Expenses

Variable                                $3,250,000

Fixed overhead                       640,000       3,890,000

Gross Margin                                                  $4,610,000

Selling and administrative expenses

Commissions                           $580,000

Fixed marketing expenses       300,000

Fixed admin expenses               450,000      1,330,000

Net Operating Income                                     $3,280,000

Fixed Interest expenses                                       230,000    

Income before Taxes                                      $3,050,000     

Income Taxes (21%)                                            640,500

Net Income                                                     $2,409,500

Your company is considering out-sourcing the sales and marketing to an agency specializing in these types of sales. The outsourcing would remove the commissions, reduce the marketing by $270,000, and reduce the fixed administrative expenses by $35,000. The out-sourcing firm, Jangler Marketing, will charge a fee of 14% of sales. Jangler requires a 3-year contract. Jangler believes that it can increase sales by 10% for 2019 and 13% each year after (2020 and 2021). The company believes that with its current sales and marketing staff, sales will increase by 8% for 2019 and 9% in each year after (2020 and 2021).

1.Prepare contribution format projected income statements for 2019, 2020 & 202a assuming the company hires Jangler Marketing.

2.Prepare contribution format projected income statements assuming the outsourcing is rejected.

Manufacturing Expenses

Variable                                $3,250,000

Fixed overhead                       640,000       3,890,000

Gross Margin                                                  $4,610,000

Selling and administrative expenses

Commissions                           $580,000

Fixed marketing expenses       300,000

Fixed admin expenses               450,000      1,330,000

Net Operating Income                                     $3,280,000

Fixed Interest expenses                                       230,000    

Income before Taxes                                      $3,050,000     

Income Taxes (21%)                                            640,500

Net Income                                                     $2,409,500

Your company is considering out-sourcing the sales and marketing to an agency specializing in these types of sales. The outsourcing would remove the commissions, reduce the marketing by $270,000, and reduce the fixed administrative expenses by $35,000. The out-sourcing firm, Jangler Marketing, will charge a fee of 14% of sales. Jangler requires a 3-year contract. Jangler believes that it can increase sales by 10% for 2019 and 13% each year after (2020 and 2021). The company believes that with its current sales and marketing staff, sales will increase by 8% for 2019 and 9% in each year after (2020 and 2021).

1.Prepare contribution format projected income statements for 2019, 2020 & 202a assuming the company hires Jangler Marketing.

2.Prepare contribution format projected income statements assuming the outsourcing is rejected.

(Please show how you got each answer)

The before-tax income for Whispering Co. for 2020 was $97,000 and $72,300 for 2021. However, the accountant noted that the following errors had been made:

Prepare a schedule showing the determination of corrected income before taxes for 2020 and 2021. (Enter negative amounts using either a negative sign preceding the number e.g. -15,000 or parentheses e.g. (15,000). Round answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 125.)

The before-tax income for Nash Co. for 2020 was $101,000 and $81,800 for 2021. However, the accountant noted that the following errors had been made:

Prepare a schedule showing the determination of corrected income before taxes for 2020 and 2021. (Enter negative amounts using either a negative sign preceding the number e.g. -15,000 or parentheses e.g. (15,000). Round answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 125.)

4.   Policymakers have long debated whether employees should be required to join a union. Federal law allows unions to negotiate security clauses in collective bargaining. However, the Taft-Hartley Act of 1947 allows states to pass right-to-work laws to make security clauses illegal. The year is 1946 and you are the leader of a small craft union in Missouri. You are in the midst of bargaining for a new contract and you must select a form of security clause to include in the bargaining agreement.

1. Do union leaders typically want security clauses? Explain why.
2. Define each of the following kinds of security clauses in terms of their membership and financial requirements: Closed Shop, Preferential Shop, Union Shop, Agency Shop, and Maintenance of Membership.
3. Which security clause do you prefer? Why?
4. Management has agreed to the security clause you selected in part c. The year is now 1948. Is your security clause legal? Explain.
5. Now suppose your craft union opens a local in Arkansas. How will this change the membership and financial requirements of your workers?

Q1. In order for a neuron to move from the absolute to the relative refractory period, a majority of that neuron's sodium channels must have their:

Select one:

a) inactivation gates open
b) activation gates closed
c) inactivation gates closed
d) activation gates open and inactivation gates closed

Q2. Which of the following is NOT true of graded potentials?

Select one:
a) They are produced after the binding of neurotransmitter to receptor
b) they will decrease in magnitude as the current flows away from the initial site
c) they are produced at chemically-gated ion channels
d) they are limited in duration by the refractory period of the membrane

Three identical light bulbs are connected to a 30V battery in a circuit. Bulb A is on main loop and closest to battery. Bulbs B and C are in parallel and the junction is after Bulb A S1 is in the loop with bulb B and S2 is in loop with bulb C

Initially switch 1 is closed and switch 2 is opened. When switch 2 is closed what happens to the brightness of bulbs A,B and C Please explain

On January 1, 2015, a machine was purchased for $94,500. The machine has an estimated salvage value of $6,300 and an estimated useful life of 5 years. The machine can operate for 105,000 hours before it needs to be replaced. The company closed its books on December 31 and operates the machine as follows: 2015, 21,000 hrs; 2016, 26,250 hrs; 2017, 15,750 hrs; 2018, 31,500 hrs; and 2019, 10,500 hrs. Compute the annual depreciation charges over the machine’s life assuming a December 31 year-end for each of the following depreciation methods. (Round answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 45,892.)

Assume a fiscal year-end of September 30. Compute the annual depreciation charges over the asset’s life applying each of the following methods. (Round answers to 0 decimal places, e.g. 45,892.)